Measuring DVCS on a neutron target is a necessary step to deepen our understanding of the structure of the nucleon in terms of Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs). The combination of DVCS ...observables on neutron and proton targets allows to perform a flavor decomposition of the Compton Form Factors (CFFs), which are related to integrals of GPDs. Moreover, neutron-DVCS plays a complementary role to DVCS on a transversely polarized proton target in the determination of the CFF of the GPD
E
, the least known and constrained GPD that enters Ji’s angular momentum sum rule. A measurement of the beam-charge asymmetry (BCA) in the
e
±
d
→
e
±
n
γ
(
p
)
reaction can significantly impact the experimental determination of the real CFFs of the
E
and, to a lesser extent,
H
~
CFFs.
The precision of experimental data and analysis techniques is a key feature of any discovery attempt. A striking example is the proton radius puzzle where the accuracy of the spectroscopy of muonic ...atoms challenges traditional electron scattering measurements. The present work proposes a novel method for the determination of spatial moments from densities expressed in the momentum space. This method provides a direct access to even, odd, and more generally any real, negative and positive moment with order larger than −3. As an illustration, the application of this method to the electric form factor of the proton is discussed in detail.
.
The question of the determination of the proton charge radius
R
p
from electron scattering data led to an unprecedented experimental effort for measurements of the electric form factor of the ...proton at low and very low momentum transfer in electron and muon elastic scattering. On the basis of basic properties of densities and fitting bias considerations, a procedure is developed in order to evaluate the impact of forthcoming data on
R
p
. Particularly, it is shown that a 0.1% precision on these future cross section data is necessary to establish indisputably the
R
p
-value as determined from lepton scattering. An experimental method to meet this stringent constraint is further discussed in the case of the ProRad (Proton Radius) experiment at the PRAE (Platform for Research and Applications with Electrons) facility in Orsay.
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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as a major contributor to all-cause mortality and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of ...hypertension is highly attributed to a dysfunctional endothelium and vascular remodeling. Despite the wide use of pharmacological therapies that modulate these pathways, a large percentage of patients continue to have uncontrolled hypertension, and the use of non-pharmacological interventions is increasingly investigated. Among these, caloric restriction (CR) appears to be a promising nutritional intervention for the management of hypertension. However, the mechanisms behind this effect are not yet fully understood, although an evolving view supports a significant impact of CR on vascular structure and function, specifically at the level of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells along with their extracellular matrix (ECM). Accumulating evidence suggests that CR promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilation through activating eNOS and increasing nitric oxide (NO) levels through multiple cascades involving modulation of oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. Indeed, CR diminishes phenotypic shift, and suppresses proliferation and migration of VSMCs via pathways involving NO and mTOR. By regulating transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteinases, CR appears to reduce ECM and collagen deposition in vascular walls. Here, we offer a detailed discussion of how these mechanisms contribute to CR’s influence on reducing blood pressure. Such mechanisms could then provide a valuable foundation on which to base new therapeutic interventions for hypertension.
This study aimed to demonstrates a positive correlation between silica metal tolerance ability of a drinking water fungi and its potential for the synthesis of silica oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles ...(NPs). Metal oxide NPs can be synthesized biologically by different methods including; microorganisms, plant extracts and\ or plant biomass. These methods in some time are better alternatives to the chemical and physical methods through an environmentally route. In the present work, twenty fungal strains were isolated from eight potable water samples and tested for producing silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs), using precursor salt Dipotassium fluorosilicate (K2SiF6). Out of these twenty fungal strains, only one fungal isolate had the potency to reduce metal salt into metal NPs, which was identified by a molecular assay as Aspergillus tubingensis F20, and was assigned an Accession number of (MK226258.1) using the NCBI GenBank database. The factors affecting mono-dispersed production of SiO2 NPs such as; reaction times, incubation temperatures, hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) and salt concentrations were optimized. It is revealed that 10-3 M precursor salt concentration, 72 h of reaction time at pH 3, and an incubation temperature 28°C are the optimum conditions for the production of smaller size NPs. The biosynthesized NPs was characterized using several techniques including; Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It is observed that the shape of SiO2NPs is spherical with an average size of 8 nm, and surface charge of - 8.19 mv, which indicates that SiO2NPs is more stable.
Biopesticides such as essential oils (EOs) are considered an improvement for integrated pest control as they appear to be less toxic to the environment than chemical acaricides. The current study ...aimed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of
Artemisia herba-alba
and
Melia azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion as alternatives for chemical acaricides against the camel tick
Hyalomma dromedarii
, besides evaluating their toxic effect on Swiss albino mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the characterization of loaded nano-emulsions.The immersion test was used for the bioassay of both loaded nanoemulsions on tick stages (egg, nymph, larva, and adult). Mortality percentages and LC
50
values of each tick stage were calculated. Reproductive performance for the survived engorged females after treatment was monitored. The toxicity of both loaded nano-emulsions was evaluated on Swiss albino mice by an oral dose of 1500 mg/kg/day for five successive days. The hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes were evaluated. TEM characterization revealed spherical droplets for
A. herba-alba
and
M. azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion with droplet size ranging from 62 to 69 nm and 52–91 nm, respectively. FTIR revealed the absence of extra peaks in the loaded nano-emulsions that confirmed no chemical changes existed by ultrasonication. The LC
50
values of
A. herba-alba
and
M. azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion on embryonated eggs, larvae, engorged nymphs, and unfed adults were 0.3 and 1.1%, 0.7 and 1.7%, 0.3 and 0.4%, 4.4 and 22.2%, respectively. The egg productive index (EPI), egg number, and hatchability percentage were lower in the treated females compared with Butox 5% (deltamethrin) and control. The hematological picture and biochemical analysis revealed insignificant changes in the treatment group compared with the negative control group. The liver of the
A. herba-alba
and
M. azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion treated group exhibited vacuolar degeneration and infiltration of lymphocytic cells. The kidney of mice treated with
A. herba-alba
and
M. azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion showed hemolysis and slight degeneration of epithelial cells of tubules. It is concluded that
A. herba-alba
and
M. azedarach
oil loaded nano-emulsion have good acaricidal activity against camel tick
H. dromedarii
.
Purpose
The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by
Melia azedarach
aqueous extract to control
Hyalomma dromedarii
tick, and to evaluate ...their toxic effects on Swiss albino mice.
Methods
ZnO NPs were synthesized using
M. azedarach
aqueous extract. UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized NPs. Egg, nymph, larva, and adult immersion tests were used for bioassay of tick stages with the synthesized ZnO NP. A toxicity study was performed on Swiss albino mice after treatment with 1/10 of the oral LD
50
of ZnO NPs (8437 mg/kg) for 5 successive days by oral gavage.
Results
The LC
50
of ZnO NPs on the eggs, larvae, and nymphs was 11.6, 8.03, and 3.9 mg/ml, respectively. The reproductive performance of females treated with ZnO NPs was lower than that of untreated females. The hematological results showed an insignificant increase in the level of white blood cells with normal red blood cells, hemoglobin, in addition to normal platelet count. The biochemical analysis showed an insignificant increased level (
P
> 0.05) of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. The liver and kidney suffered few histopathological changes after oral administration of ZnO NPs.
Conclusion
These results suggest that ZnO NPs have good acaricidal activity against eggs, larvae, and engorged nymphs of
H. dromedarii.
ZnO NPs minimized the number of eggs laid by engorged females and the hatchability of their eggs. ZnO NPs did not affect unfed adults. The toxicity results of the mice revealed insignificant changes in the hemogram, biochemistry, with liver and kidney suffering few histopathological changes. Future studies are needed to assess application routes (topical vs oral). Based on these findings, ZnO NPs may be incorporated in the control of camel tick
H. dromedarii.
The CLAS12 Central Neutron Detector Chatagnon, P.; Bettane, J.; Hoballah, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2020, Volume:
959, Issue:
C
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The Central Neutron Detector is a scintillator barrel that was designed to detect 0.2-1 GeV neutrons at lab polar angles from 40∘ to 120∘ in the CLAS12 spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. ...The design is based on three radial layers of paddles read out at the upstream end of the barrel by photomultipliers tubes. Neighboring paddles in each layer are coupled together at the downstream end of the barrel by “U-turn” light guides. The components of this detector are presented and the performance of the detector with the first beam data taken by CLAS12 is reported.
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