Abstract
Artificial intelligence is becoming seamlessly integrated into our everyday lives, augmenting our knowledge and capabilities in driving, avoiding traffic, finding friends, choosing the ...perfect movie, and even cooking a healthier meal. It also has a significant impact on many aspects of society and industry, ranging from scientific discovery, healthcare and medical diagnostics to smart cities, transport and sustainability. Within this 21st century ‘man meets machine’ reality unfolding, several social and juristic challenges emerge for which we are poorly prepared. We here review social dilemmas where individual interests are at odds with the interests of others, and where artificial intelligence might have a particularly hard time making the right decision. An example thereof is the well-known social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. We also review juristic challenges, with a focus on torts that are at least partly or seemingly due to artificial intelligence, resulting in the claimant suffering a loss or harm. Here the challenge is to determine who is legally liable, and to what extent. We conclude with an outlook and with a short set of guidelines for constructively mitigating described challenges.
Članek razkriva, ali so različne javne kampanje in pravila, ki krepijo potrošniški etnocentrizem, na nacionalni ravni ali ravni EU, skladna s prostotrgovinskimi sporazumi. Pri tem razpravlja o ...skladnosti javnih kampanj »kupuj domače«, ki jih podpirajo države, vključene v Svetovno trgovinsko organizacijo (STO), in načelom prostega pretoka blaga v EU. Te kampanje pogosto podpirajo državni organi in so v številnih pogledih diskriminatorne. Poleg tega je podpihovanje negativnih stereotipov o tujem blagu zelo podobno diskriminaciji tujcev. Svetovna trgovinska organizacija in EU imata podobne določbe o nefinančnih omejitvah prostega pretoka blaga. Med te spadajo tudi kampanje »kupuj domače«. Vendar pa te določbe Sodišče EU in mehanizmi reševanja sporov v STO razumejo drugače. To vodi v zelo različno razumevanje zakonitosti ukrepov »kupuj domače«.
This article discusses cadastral surveying activities in the light of EU single market principles. Twenty years after its completion, it is still unclear to what extent these principles apply, ...including for the cadastral surveying activities. This article explains the fundamental legal principles of the EU single market and assesses the specific nature of cadastral surveying, which is partly excluded from and partly subject to the single market principles. In the last part of the article, the author assesses how the Slovenian Land Survey Service Act (ZgeoD-1) establishes a compromise between protection of national interests in cadastral surveying, the protection of clients and the advantages of the EU single market.
The paper explores the issue of national culture and tradition within the framework of the EU internal market. It presents a discourse on the legitimacy of European economic integration. The author ...derives from the motto »Europe united in diversity« and discusses the meaning of diversity in the field of internal market. The paper emphasises the importance of institutional analysis in EU market law and analyses constitutional relations between national and supranational levels of government in the internal market field. Legal practice in the internal market (the case-law of the EU Court and legislation) shows a pro-centralistic orientation, within which several aspects of national culture and tradition have been sacrificed. However, the Court and the EU legislator did not openly discuss different institutional alternatives; instead they were mostly referring to the benefits of the established rules for the majority of the European citizens. In so doing, they eroded national regulatory autonomy in the market field and many important aspects of national tradition and culture have been sacrificed for reasons of pursuing an ideal internal market (e.g. national food and drink laws (such as Italian pasta rules, German bier production), rules on working days (Sunday trading) and hours (e.g. Spanish siesta), metrical systems etc.). The European process of market law uniformity, however, is contestable when assessed in light of democratic legitimacy. In this regard the paper analyses the effects of the principle of subsidiarity on the institutional analysis in the field of EU internal market.
The objective of this article is to analyse, from a regulatory vantage point, the deliberations on whether (or to what extent) servitization of the European industry can contribute to ecological ...modernization, in which new technology and business models lead to reduced consumption of natural resources. The article examines how regulatory institutions, in particular at the European Union level, can encourage potentials of servitization business models for ecologically sustainable growth. The article finds that while there are a number of legally binding and soft law frameworks, mechanisms and initiatives related to sustainability, their impact upon servitized European industry remains to be fully discovered. In the future, it will be important to move from incentives for resource efficiency and recycling towards mandatory standards, considering that currently several aspects of the servitization business trend are not bound by mandatory standards for assuring a green and sustainable industry. The challenge facing Europe will be the ability of Member States to agree on environmental standards and not to use them as a basis for regulatory competition.
The article considers several activities of Slovenian authorities and trade associations to promote domestic agricultural and food products. These protectionist activities have been particularly ...vivid in the past year, when a special parliamentary act on promotion of agricultural and food products has been adopted and promoted in public. This legislative act breaches fundamental principles of EU law on free movement of goods on the internal market and imposes consumer ethnocentrism to help the domestic economy in crisis. The author concludes that tolerating protectionism in the food sector, which presents the core internal market field, is inevitably thrashing the foundations of the whole European economy, which should not be accepted by the Commission.
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