An appearance of radiometers and dosimeters on free sale made it possible to provide better radiation safety for citizens. The effects of radiation may not appear all at once. They can manifest ...themselves in decades to come in future generations, in the form of cancer, genetic mutations, etc. For this reason, we have developed in this paper a microcontroller-based radiation monitoring system. The system determines an accumulated radiation dose for a certain period, as well as gives alarm signals when the rate of the equivalent dose exceeds. The high reliability of this system is ensured by a rapid response to emergency situations: excess of the allowable power of the equivalent radiation dose and the accumulator charge control. Further, we have composed a microcontroller electronic circuit for the monitoring radiation system. Additionally, an operation algorithm, as well as software for the ATmega328P microcontroller of the Arduino Uno board, have been developed.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) usage is increasing drastically worldwide as UAVs are used in various industries for many applications, such as inspection, logistics, agriculture, and many more. This ...is because performing a task using UAV makes the job more efficient and reduces the workload needed. However, for a UAV to be operated manually or autonomously, the UAV must be equipped with proper safety features. An anti-collision system is one of the most crucial and fundamental safety features that UAVs must be equipped with. The anti-collision system allows the UAV to maintain a safe distance from any obstacles. The anti-collision technologies are of crucial relevance to assure the survival and safety of UAVs. Anti-collision of UAVs can be varied in the aspect of sensor usage and the system's working principle. This article provides a comprehensive overview of anti-collision technologies for UAVs. It also presents drone safety laws and regulations that prevent a collision at the policy level. The process of anti-collision technologies is studied from three aspects: Obstacle detection, collision prediction, and collision avoidance. A detailed overview and comparison of the methods of each element and an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages have been provided. In addition, the future trends of UAV anti-collision technologies from the viewpoint of fast obstacle detection and wireless networking are presented.
Over the past few years, there has been an increasing fascination with electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) because of their capacity to undertake demanding and perilous missions while also ...delivering advantages in terms of flexibility, safety, and expenses. These UAVs are revolutionizing various public services, encompassing real-time surveillance, search and rescue operations, wildlife assessments, delivery services, wireless connectivity, and precise farming. To enhance their efficiency and duration, UAVs typically employ a hybrid power system. This system integrates diverse energy sources, such as fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, and supercapacitors. The selection of an appropriate hybrid power arrangement and the implementation of an effective energy management system are crucial for the successful functioning of advanced UAVs. This article specifically concentrates on UAV platforms powered by batteries, incorporating innovative technologies, like in-flight recharging via laser beams and tethering. It provides an all-encompassing and evaluative examination of the current cutting-edge power supply configurations, with the objective of identifying deficiencies, presenting perspectives, and offering recommendations for future consideration in this domain.
An approach to the implementation of a neural network for real-time cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys oriented on embedded systems is presented. This approach is valuable, especially ...for onboard communication systems in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), because of its suitability for hardware implementation. In this study, we evaluate the possibility of building such a system in hardware implementation at FPGA. Onboard implementation-oriented information technology of real-time neuro-like cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys (masking codes, neural network architecture, and matrix of weighting coefficients) has been developed. Due to the pre-calculation of matrices of weighting coefficients and tables of macro-partial products and the use of tabular-algorithmic implementation of neuro-like elements and dynamic change of keys, it provides increased cryptographic stability and hardware–software implementation on FPGA. The table-algorithmic method of calculating the scalar product has been improved. By bringing the weighting coefficients to the greatest common order, pre-computing the tables of macro-partial products, and using operations of memory read, fixed-point addition, and shift operations instead of floating-point multiplication and addition operations, it provides a reduction in hardware costs for its implementation and calculation time as well. Using a processor core supplemented with specialized hardware modules for calculating the scalar product, a system of neural network cryptographic data protection in real-time has been developed, which, due to the combination of universal and specialized approaches, software, and hardware, ensures the effective implementation of neuro-like algorithms for cryptographic encryption and decryption of data in real-time. The specialized hardware for neural network cryptographic data encryption was developed using VHDL for equipment programming in the Quartus II development environment ver. 13.1 and the appropriate libraries and implemented on the basis of the FPGA EP3C16F484C6 Cyclone III family, and it requires 3053 logic elements and 745 registers. The execution time of exclusively software realization of NN cryptographic data encryption procedure using a NanoPi Duo microcomputer based on the Allwinner Cortex-A7 H2+ SoC was about 20 ms. The hardware–software implementation of the encryption, taking into account the pre-calculations and settings, requires about 1 msec, including hardware encryption on the FPGA of four 2-bit inputs, which is performed in 160 nanoseconds.
In the paper, the hardware and software of the IoT weather monitoring system have been developed. The hardware of the IoT weather monitoring system consists of the microcontroller device which is ...developed on the Arduino Mega2560 board, digital pressure, temperature and humidity sensor BME280, Wi-Fi module ESP-01 built on the ESP8266 chip and the 16×2 alphanumeric LCD based on the Hitachi HD44780 controller. The electronic circuit and the model of the microcontroller weather monitoring device have been created in Proteus VSM. The operation algorithm of the IoT weather monitoring system has been developed. The IoT device monitors such weather parameters as: atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity. The software modules for communication with the BME280 sensor and Wi-Fi module ESP-01 and main data collection and acquisition software for the ATmega2560 microcontroller of the Arduino Mega2560 board have been created. The software for communication with the ThingsBoard IoT platform and Mosquitto MQTT broker has been created. The dashboards for weather data visualization on the IoT platform ThingsBoard using ThingsBoard Dashboard and from the Mosquitto MQTT broker using Node-RED have been created. The operation of the microcontroller weather monitoring device has been simulated in Proteus ISIS. The prototype of the microcontroller weather monitoring device has been built on a solderless breadboard and the operation of the IoT weather monitoring system has been tested.
In the paper, the mathematical model for determination of stress and deformation fields inside and at the elastic region boundary of deformation of orthotropic materials under the biaxial loadings is ...developed. Within the proposed model, a mathematical model for determination of the material transition boundary from elastic into non-elastic deformation region is developed and a system of nonlinear equations for calculation of the values of its parameters is obtained. By using the continuous method of solution continuation with respect to the best parameter and Runge-Kutta method, the demarcation curves of absolutely elastic and non-elastic deformation regions for the pine tree are constructed. The analysis of the obtained curves is carried out and on its base it is shown that the proposed model, in contrast to the known mechanical theories of strength, makes possible to determine and substantiate the ultimate stress states of materials whose asymmetry coefficients of the boundaries of proportionality in some anisotropy directions are greater, and in others less than one.
In the paper, the model and prototype of the AC stabilizer have been developed based on the AVR ATmega328P microcontroller. The block diagram of the device, the electronic circuit and the algorithms ...of the system operation have been developed. In particular, the algorithm includes software in C in the Arduino IDE. The AC voltage stabilizer is designed using the modular principle, which makes it possible to quickly upgrade. The AC voltage stabilizer makes it possible to maintain the supply voltage on the load within acceptable limits with significant deviations, has the ability to adjust the voltage range of the network to operate the stabilizer, manual adjustment potentiometers.
In the paper, the toxic gases detection system in the air environment has been developed. It monitors in real time a concentration of toxic gases and vapors in air. When toxic gases are absence or ...their concentration is permissible, the system is in the normal mode (monitoring mode). When the maximum permissible norm of toxic gases is exceeded, the system changes its state into alarm mode. In the alarm mode, it switch on the buzzer, the red LED, outputs an alarm message to the LCD module and PC via the serial interface, and also sends SMS to the mobile device via a GSM module.
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