The interaction between a Society of Automobile Engineers Level-3 automated vehicle and a driver is an important issue in automobile automation. We conducted a driving simulator experiment to ...investigate driver intervention during the system's emergency manoeuvre (EM) when encountering an imminent collision risk during automated driving. As a result of suspending EM due to driver intervention, collision risk decreased when no vehicles were adjacent. In contrast, collision risk increased when adjacent vehicles existed. Therefore, the results suggest that there are situations in which it is better to inhibit driver intervention during EM, such as when the driver steers toward an adjacent vehicle.
When the driver fails to respond to a request to intervene issued by a level 3 automated vehicle, the system considers a way to reduce the risk by performing a system operation called minimum risk ...maneuver (MRM). In this paper, a driving simulator experiment investigates the effects of MRM condition such as hazard lamp activation, amount of deceleration, and stop position on the following vehicles. As a result of the experiments, one condition demonstrated that the blinking of the hazard lamp in the MRM was effective in reducing the braking response time of the following driver and the maximum deceleration. As a result of arranging MRM conditions to be effective for risk reduction, it was suggested that MRM consistent with the driver’s prediction would be effective.
The interaction between a Society of Automobile Engineers Level-3 automated vehicle and a fallback ready user is an important issue in automobile automation. We conducted a driving simulator ...experiment to investigate driver intervention during the system's emergency manoeuvre (EM) by steering when encountering an imminent collision risk during automated driving. As results of the experiment, many drivers intervened during the EM by steering, and drivers who intervened at a point when the lateral control force was particularly high tended to increase the risk. Based on the results of the first report and this experiment, we summarized the items that the system should consider when the driver intervenes during EM.
When the driver fails to respond to a request to intervene issued by a level 3 automated vehicle, the system considers a way to reduce the risk by performing a system operation called minimum risk ...maneuver (MRM). In this paper, a driving simulator experiment investigates the effects of MRM conditions such as hazard lamp activation, amount of deceleration, and stop position on vehicles approaching from the rear under different traffic conditions. As a result of the experiment, effective MRM conditions for reducing the risk of collision with a vehicle approaching from the rear are clarified, and we propose them as MRM considerations.
Autonomous highway merging is one of the challenges for achieving “High Driving Automation”. This study aims to investigate human driver behavior when manually merging into a highway with different ...traffic speeds and densities for the development of safe autonomous merging. Using a driving simulator, we designed various merging situations based on real-world highway settings in Japan. Considering the UN Regulation (No. 157) for Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS), we examined the feasibility of autonomous merging when applying the current vehicle lane change requirements and further examined human driving characteristics for autonomous highway merging.
This driving simulator study investigated a drivers' ability to resume manual control of their level-3 automated vehicle in response to system failure. Participants were asked to engage in ...non-driving task which required them to input text on a screen. A take-over request (TOR) was then provided under conditions where the TOR was and was not displayed on the task screen, and the effects with respect to system operation during the TOR were investigated. Regarding lateral operation, amount of lane departure was larger under conditions of suppressing control force rather than under conditions of continuing control force. Contrastingly, risk of collision was lower due to the driver’s suppression of longitudinal operation when the TOR was provided.
This driving simulator study investigated drivers' ability to resume manual control from a level 3 automated vehicle. Volunteers were asked to engage in different types of non-driving related tasks ...including watching videos or texting. During the tasks, a take-over request (TOR) was provided to the drivers in two conditions with and without the TOR display on the task screen. The results showed that, compared to video watching, texting tasks tended to cause delayed driver's responses to the TOR. Further, it was suggested that adding a TOR display on the task screen contributed to reduce collision risk by suppressing continued concentration on the distractive tasks.
This driving simulator study was investigated drivers' ability to resume manual control from a level 3 automated vehicle. Participants were asked to engage in tablet task while automated driving. ...Take-over request (TOR) was provided to drivers at a construction site in each condition: TOR timing was set 10s/ 20s/ 30s and types of information were set auditory +visually/ +braking/ +voice/ +braking and voice. Improvement of driver perception, cognition, operation and vehicle behavior were demonstrated in each condition. However, in our experimental conditions, not all the drivers could pass the construction site without collision. Therefore, investigation of the transition strategy is required in future work.
In a Level 3 automated driving system, sometimes the driver may be asked to perform non-driving-related tasks because of a lack of engagement in the driving task. We conducted a driving simulator ...experiment to investigate the driver’s behavior when accepting the system’s request for manual driving under distracted condition by non-driving-related tasks. "Radio hearing task" and "text input task" were set for non-driving-related tasks; in addition, "no task" was set to a control condition. There was a tollgate where the limit of the automatic driving systems because of reached to the end of lane markers. The timing of starting brake was significantly later and maximum brake pedal force was larger in texting. Almost all drivers could resume driving from system, however there was one collision occurred in a texting condition. We suggest that the method for generating the request for deeply distracted driver should be considered.
If accidents occur at crossings without signals, drivers who incorrectly perceive that there will be no crossing vehicles cause accidents. In this study, we verified the drivers’ awareness and the ...effect of providing information to drivers with improper perceptions using experiments conducted in driving simulators. Our experiment revealed that providing safety advisories reduced improper perceptions, however, providing abstract information, had little effect on the approach speed. Therefore, drivers with improper perceptions should be provided more practical information.
