This article pays attention to secure the exact wave structures to the system of ion sound under influence of ponderomotive force. It is caused by non-linear force and is experienced by a charged ...particle in an oscillating electromagnetic field of inhomogeneity. The studied equation is analyzed by the assistance of conformable time-fractional and composed of normalized density perturbation and normalized electric field of the Langmuir oscillation. The solutions are extracted with the assistance of new extended direct algebraic method, a relatively new integration tool. We extract various wave structure in solitons in different forms like, bright, dark, combo, and singular soliton solutions. In addition to being helpful for elucidating FNLPDEs, the technique both returns solutions that have already been retrieved and generates new exact solutions. Assuming appropriate parameter values, a variety of graph shapes are sketched to describe the graphical presentation of the calculated outcomes. We anticipate that many engineers who use engineering models will find this study to be of interest. The results demonstrate the viability, ease of use, and scalability of the selected computational approach, even when applied to complex systems.
Wind energy has been receiving more acceptance as a reproducible, resourceful and clean energy source since last decade. Wind power is not constant and may fluctuate below the rated wind power when ...the wind speed is lower than the rated speed. This fact affects the stability of the power system, to which the wind generators are connected. This is becoming more significant with the increasing penetration of wind energy systems. Pitch angle control has been one of the most common methods for smoothing output power fluctuations during below rated wind incidents. A fuzzy logic pitch angle controller is proposed in this paper for smoothing wind power fluctuations during below rated wind incidents beside traditional power regulations during above rated wind incidents. Two smoothing methods have been presented: the determination of the command output power based on the exponential moving average with a proper selection of correction factor by fuzzy reasoning and the dynamic selection of target output power according to the wind incident. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic pitch angle controller in smoothing output power fluctuations with significantly small drop of output power.
► Regulated power during above rated wind using fuzzy logic systems. ► Smoothed power fluctuations during below rated wind using two fuzzy logic methods. ► Performance of both methods were compared with conventional method. ► Method 1 performed partial smoothing with 4.7% more of power drop. ► Method 2 performed complete smoothing with 8.28% more of power drop.
To tackle global warming, a reliable storage system seems crucial due to unpredictability of renewable energy. As a result, storage units based on Phase Change Material (PCM) are found to be of great ...worth where latent heat transfer occurring in an almost isothermal condition lay the foundation for far more compact and easy-to-fabricate storage components. Despite their advantageous, one major drawback being weak thermal conductivity needs to be addressed. So, in this study a triplex-tube heat exchanger with tree-like and rectangular fins along with hybrid nanoparticles made of MoS2-TiO2 are put into perspective to dispose of this weakness and Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) is applied using FlexPDE to analyze the solidification process and evaluate the influence of single and combined usage of fins and nanoparticles. Moreover, the credibility of this study and GFEM has been confirmed by an experimental work. The results unveiled that, while the combined usage of nanoparticles and tree-like fins gives the best result by lowering the solidification time by 78% compared to bare tube, tree-like fins claim the best performance taking 1700 s followed by rectangular fins with 3500 s if nanoparticles are out of reach.
Abstract
We present optical and near-infrared (NIR,
Y
-
, J
-
,
H-
band) observations of 42 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the untargeted intermediate Palomar Transient Factory survey. ...This new data set covers a broad range of redshifts and host galaxy stellar masses, compared to previous SN Ia efforts in the NIR. We construct a sample, using also literature data at optical and NIR wavelengths, to examine claimed correlations between the host stellar masses and the Hubble diagram residuals. The SN magnitudes are corrected for host galaxy extinction using either a global total-to-selective extinction ratio,
R
V
= 2.0, for all SNe, or a best-fit
R
V
for each SN individually. Unlike previous studies that were based on a narrower range in host stellar mass, we do not find evidence for a “mass step,” between the color- and stretch-corrected peak
J
and
H
magnitudes for galaxies below and above
log
(
M
*
/
M
⊙
)
=
10
. However, the mass step remains significant (3
σ
) at optical wavelengths (
g
,
r
,
i
) when using a global
R
V
, but vanishes when each SN is corrected using their individual best-fit
R
V
. Our study confirms the benefits of the NIR SN Ia distance estimates, as these are largely exempted from the empirical corrections dominating the systematic uncertainties in the optical.
A novel biopolymer-based superabsorbent hydrogel was synthesized through chemically crosslinking graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto kappa-carrageenan (
κC), in the presence of a ...crosslinking agent and a free radical initiator. A proposed mechanism for
κC-g-polyacrylic acid was suggested and the affecting variables onto graft polymerization (i.e. the crosslinker, the monomer and the initiator concentration, the neutralization percent and reaction temperature) were systematically optimized to achieve a hydrogel with swelling capacity as high as possible. Maximum water absorbency of the optimized final product was found to be 789 g/g. The swelling capacity of the synthesized hydrogels was also measured in various salt solutions. The time–temperature profile of the polymerization reaction, in order to investigate the effect of molecular oxygen was conducted in terms of the absence and presence of the atmospheric oxygen. The overall activation energy (
E
a) of the graft polymerization reaction was found to be 2.93 KJ/mol.
Recent advances are enabling delivery of precision genomic medicine to cancer clinics. While the majority of approaches profile panels of selected genes or hotspot regions, comprehensive data ...provided by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and analysis (WGTA) presents an opportunity to align a much larger proportion of patients to therapies.
Samples from 570 patients with advanced or metastatic cancer of diverse types enrolled in the Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) program underwent WGTA. DNA-based data, including mutations, copy number, and mutation signatures, were combined with RNA-based data, including gene expression and fusions, to generate comprehensive WGTA profiles. A multidisciplinary molecular tumour board used WGTA profiles to identify and prioritize clinically actionable alterations and inform therapy. Patient responses to WGTA-informed therapies were collected.
Clinically actionable targets were identified for 83% of patients, 37% of whom received WGTA-informed treatments. RNA expression data were particularly informative, contributing to 67% of WGTA-informed treatments; 25% of treatments were informed by RNA expression alone. Of a total 248 WGTA-informed treatments, 46% resulted in clinical benefit. RNA expression data were comparable to DNA-based mutation and copy number data in aligning to clinically beneficial treatments. Genome signatures also guided therapeutics including platinum, PARP inhibitors, and immunotherapies. Patients accessed WGTA-informed treatments through clinical trials (19%), off-label use (35%), and as standard therapies (46%) including those which would not otherwise have been the next choice of therapy, demonstrating the utility of genomic information to direct use of chemotherapies as well as targeted therapies.
Integrating RNA expression and genome data illuminated treatment options that resulted in 46% of treated patients experiencing positive clinical benefit, supporting the use of comprehensive WGTA profiling in clinical cancer care.
NCT02155621
•A prospective study of 570 patients used whole genome and transcriptome analysis (WGTA) for real-time treatment options•Of 248 WGTA-informed treatments, 46% resulted in clinical benefit to the patient•RNA expression information was as valuable as DNA-based information for selecting treatments with clinical benefit•Integrated data informs selection of standard-of-care therapies, clinical trial enrollment and off-label use•This study supports the use of whole genome and transcriptome analysis in clinical cancer care
On the minimum energy of regular graphs Aashtab, A.; Akbari, S.; Ghasemian, E. ...
Linear algebra and its applications,
11/2019, Volume:
581
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The energy of a graph G, E(G), is the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Gutman et al. proved that for every cubic graph of order n, E(G)≥n. Here, we improve this ...result by showing that if G is a connected subcubic graph of order n≥8, then E(G)≥1.01n. Also, we prove that if G is a traceable subcubic graph of order n≥8, then E(G)>1.1n. Let G be a connected cubic graph of order n≥8, it is shown that E(G)>n+2. It was proved that if G is a connected cubic graph of order n, then E(G)≤1.65n. Also, in this paper we would like to present the best lower bound for the energy of a connected cubic graph. We introduce an infinite family of connected cubic graphs whose for each element of order n, say G, E(G)≥1.24n, and conjecture that if 6|n, then minimum energy occurs just for each element of this family. We conjecture that there exists N such that for every connected cubic graph G of order n≥N, E(G)≥1.24n.
In this paper, we formulate the statistical mechanics in Snyder space that supports the existence of a minimal length scale. We obtain the corresponding invariant Liouville volume which properly ...determines the number of microstates in the semiclassical regime. The results show that the number of accessible microstates drastically reduces at the high energy regime such that there is only one degree of freedom for a particle. Using the Liouville volume, we obtain the deformed partition function and we then study the thermodynamical properties of the ideal gas in this setup. Invoking the equipartition theorem, we show that 2/3 of the degrees of freedom freeze at the high temperature regime when the thermal de Broglie wavelength becomes of the order of the Planck length. This reduction of the number of degrees of freedom suggests an effective dimensional reduction of the space from 3 to 1 at the Planck scale.
The sporadic nature of energy resources, especially renewable ones, underscores the need for reliable energy storage. Phase change materials (PCMs) are of great importance regarding saving energy, ...however, their low thermal conductivity lengthens the transition evolution which is the main problem of this system. So, many methods address this issue among which fins and nanoparticles, used in this study, are expected to have significant positive effects on the solidification rate and PCM response time. Various cases based on the presence of fins and nanoparticles are introduced and solved with Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) and validated with authentic data for the solidification process. A novel mixture of nanoparticles MoS2−Fe3O4 called Hybrid Nano-Particles (HNP) is applied at different concentrations to the PCM to compensate for unfavorable ramifications of single-type nanoparticle. Also, the star shape triplex LHTESS with internal fins is the geometrical arrangement of storage unit. The results expose a substantial improvement by using each technique individually, while the lowest solidification rate is assigned to the combination usage of both techniques. Furthermore, the comparisons done in this work reveal the better performance of fins alone when juxtaposed with the result of HNPs alone.
•Solidification process of HNEPCM in the star shape triplex-tube System is studied.•The effect of internal fins on the solidification rate is investigated.•The solidification rate has been increased by 14% when applying HNPs and fins.
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