We present a case study in formally verified security for realistic systems: the information flow security verification of the functional kernel of a web application, the CoCon conference management ...system. We use the Isabelle theorem prover to specify and verify fine-grained confidentiality properties, as well as complementary safety and “traceback” properties. The challenges posed by this development in terms of expressiveness have led to
bounded-deducibility security
, a novel security model and verification method generally applicable to systems describable as input/output automata.
Although high serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 (an important biomarker of IgA nephropathy (IgAN)) are found in most patients with IgAN, their relationship to disease severity and progression ...remains unclear. To help clarify this we prospectively enrolled 275 patients with IgAN and followed them for a median of 47 months (range 12–96 months). Serum galactose–deficient IgA1 was measured at the time of diagnosis using a lectin-based ELISA, and renal survival was modeled using the Cox proportional hazards method. The serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 were higher in patients with IgAN compared to those in healthy controls. Importantly, in adjusted analysis, higher levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 were independently associated with a greater risk of deterioration in renal function with a hazard ratio of 1.44 per standard deviation of the natural log–transformed galactose-deficient IgA1 concentration. In reference to the first quartile, the risk of kidney failure increased such that the hazard ratio for the second quartile was 2.47, 3.86 for the third, and 4.76 for the fourth quartile of the galactose-deficient IgA1 concentration. Hence, elevated serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 are associated with a poor prognosis in IgAN.
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis, with discovery and follow-up in 20,612 individuals of European and East ...Asian ancestry. We identified six new genome-wide significant associations, four in ITGAM-ITGAX, VAV3 and CARD9 and two new independent signals at HLA-DQB1 and DEFA. We replicated the nine previously reported signals, including known SNPs in the HLA-DQB1 and DEFA loci. The cumulative burden of risk alleles is strongly associated with age at disease onset. Most loci are either directly associated with risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier and response to mucosal pathogens. The geospatial distribution of risk alleles is highly suggestive of multi-locus adaptation, and genetic risk correlates strongly with variation in local pathogens, particularly helminth diversity, suggesting a possible role for host-intestinal pathogen interactions in shaping the genetic landscape of IgAN.
In order to investigate the factors affecting the hierarchically ordered structures of the rod–rod block copolymers, SmPn based on two polynorbornene-based mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline (LC) ...polymers PNb12POSS having side-chain polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) units and PNb10PP (with a side-chain calamitic mesogen) was designed and synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization, in which S and P refer to the two segments PNb12POSS and PNb10PP, respectively, whereas m and n refer to the ratios of monomer to catalyst during polymerization of PNb12POSS and PNb10PP, respectively. Investigation on the phase structures and behaviors of SmPn samples indicates that the LC and crystalline structures of the two segments are similar to their homopolymers. The PNb10PP segment forms a smectic A (SmA) phase with the ordered packing of the rod-like mesogens, and the PNb12POSS segment forms a hexagonal columnar (Colh) phase with the crystal of POSS units. The volume fraction of PNb12POSS (f PNb12POSS) plays an important role on the microphase separation of SmPn. The asymmetry between the two blocks becomes more pronounced with increasing f PNb12POSS, resulting in a larger bending curvature, and the microphase-separated structure changes from lamellar (LAM) to hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX) for S10P30, S20P30, and S30P30. Moreover, the PNb12POSS segments in S20P30 and S30P30 form Colh phases that can be clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, because of the slow kinetics of the polymer chains owing to the high molecular weight and rigidity, sample S30P120 having the lowest f PNb12POSS value cannot form ordered structures, while S80P120 only forms a HEX structure lacking regularity with a size of ∼40 nm.
Aims
To evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) application, based on self‐regulation theory, on patients’ knowledge of wound care, skills in changing dressings and anxiety.
Design
A ...prospective randomized controlled trial.
Methods
Seventy patients (or family members) at a 1,500‐bed university hospital in Taiwan were randomized into an experimental (N = 35) or control group (N = 35) from March to December 2016. The experimental group used a mHealth application for wound care; the control group received verbal instructions and a booklet. Instruments to collect data were a wound care knowledge scale, wound care skills scale, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a digital heart variability device. Data were collected at baseline, after three additional demonstrations and before discharge. The generalized estimating equation was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The experimental group showed significantly higher levels of wound care knowledge, improved wound care skills, lower levels of state anxiety, and lower heart rate variability than the control group after baseline data collection.
Conclusions
Results support hat a mHealth application may be effective in health education. Clinicians can use the results to promote patients’ wound care knowledge, enhance their wound care skills, and reduce anxiety related to dressing changes.
Impact
Lack of wound care knowledge and skills can affect the willingness and ability to perform effective wound dressing changes, producing anxiety and having an impact on a patient's self‐care after hospital discharge. mHealth applications (apps) have the potential to deliver health information in targeted and tailored ways that strengthen the self‐management of diseases. mHealth app can increase wound care knowledge, improve care skills, and reduce anxiety related to wound care. mHealth app effectively supports self‐monitoring of the wound healing process, self‐judgement of the wound condition, and self‐reaction of wound care accuracy. mHealth app provides step‐by‐step visual tutorials on wound care that allow patients and family caregivers to take pictures of the wounds and monitor the wound healing process. mHealth app for wound care knowledge is an effective and individualized method for learning.
Clinical Trial: This study was registered by U.S. National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03683303).
目的
基于自我调节理论,评估移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序对患者伤口护理知识、换药技能和焦虑程度的作用。
设计
一项前瞻性随机对照试验
方法
2016年3月至2016年12月,台湾一所拥有1,500张床位的大学附属医院的70名患者(或家属)被随机分为实验组(N = 35)或对照组(N = 35)。实验组使用移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序申请进行伤口护理;对照组收到口头指示和小册子。数据采集工具包括伤口护理知识量表、伤口护理技能量表、状态特质焦虑问卷和数字式心率变异装置。数据收集时间点是治疗前的基础值、三次额外演示后和出院前。采用广义估计方程进行统计分析。
结果
在进行基础数据收集之后,实验组的伤口护理知识水平、伤口护理技能改善情况、状态特质焦虑水平和心率变异性均显著高于对照组。
结论
研究结果支持移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序在健康教育中的有效性。临床医生可利用这些结果来加强患者的伤口护理知识,提高他们的伤口护理技能,降低与换药相关的焦虑。
影响
缺乏伤口护理知识和技能会影响患者进行有效伤口换药的意愿和能力,使患者产生焦虑,并影响患者出院后的自我护理。移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序(apps)有可能提供具有针对性的定制化健康信息,从而加强患者对疾病的自我管理。移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序可以增加患者的伤口护理知识,提高护理技能,降低与伤口护理相关的焦虑。移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序可有效支持伤口愈合过程的自我监控、伤口状况的自我判断以及伤口护理准确性的自我反应。移动医疗(mHealth)应用程序可提供有关伤口护理的分步式可视化教程,允许患者和家庭护理提供者拍摄伤口照片并监控伤口愈合过程。移动医疗(mHealth)伤口护理知识应用程序是一种有效的个性化学习方法。
临床试验
该研究在美国国立医学图书馆ClinicalTrials.gov注册(编号:NCT03683303)。
N
-Methyladenosine (m
A) represents a common and highly dynamic modification in eukaryotic RNA that affects various cellular pathways. Natural dioxygenases such as FTO and ALKBH5 are enzymes that ...demethylate m
A residues in mRNA. Herein, the first identification of a small-molecule modulator that functions as an artificial m
A demethylase is reported. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the metabolite produced by riboflavin kinase, mediates substantial photochemical demethylation of m
A residues of RNA in live cells. This study provides a new perspective to the understanding of demethylation of m
A residues in mRNA and sheds light on the development of powerful small molecules as RNA demethylases and new probes for use in RNA biology.
Here, the combination of the strong electropositive lithium and the most electronegative fluorine with the TeO3 group afforded the first lithium fluoride tellurite, namely, Li7(TeO3)3F (P63), which ...was synthesized by solid-state reactions. Its structure features a novel three-dimensional anionic framework of Li7O9F12– composed of LiO3F and LiO4 tetrahedra with one-dimensional hexagonal tunnels of 12-membered rings along the c-axis, filled by the “isolated” ψ-TeO3 tetrahedra. Notably, this compound displays the largest band gap of 4.75 eV among all of the non-centrosymmetric metal-tellurites reported so far, as well as strong second harmonic generation (SHG) responses (3 × KH2PO4 @1064 nm, 0.2 × β-BaB2O4 @532 nm) and a large laser damage threshold (73 × AgGaS2). Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that the LiO4 and LiO3F tetrahedra also contribute significantly to the SHG response (∼30%).
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