Summary
Intrinsic chemoresistance is the main reason for the failure of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapy. To identify the candidate protein, we compared the protein expression ...profiling of PDAC cells and its distinct surviving cells following primary treatment with gemcitabine (GEM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry or mass spectrometry. A total of 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and annexin A1 (ANXA1) was analyzed for further validation. The functional validation showed that the downregulation of ANXA1 contributes to GEM and 5-FU resistance in PDAC cells through protein kinase C/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/P-glycoprotein signaling pathway. Our findings provide a platform for the further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of PDAC intrinsic chemoresistance and demonstrated that ANXA1 may be a valid marker for anticancer drug development.
Some new nonlinear wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Ito equation, such as three-wave type solutions, lump wave solutions, rogue wave solutions and hybrid solutions of different forms, are ...studied by the bilinear neural network method. Besides, three-wave solutions are investigated via the single-layer neural network ‘4-3-1’ model, and hybrid soliton solutions between lump-type and strip-like soliton in ‘4-5-1’ model are discussed. Furthermore, rogue wave solutions are studied by the double-layer neural network the ‘4-2-3-1’ and the ‘4-3-3-1’ models, and the interference phenomena between them are analyzed using visual images. We also employed the extended parameter limit method to investigate the collapse degradation behavior of both solutions. Lump solutions and Y-type semi-rational solutions are derived separately.
•A series of new soliton solutions of 4-3-1, 4-5-1, 4-2-3-1 and 4-3-3-1 models are constructed based on the bilinear neural network model.•The construction and degradation behavior of three-wave solutions are investigated.•The collapse of the multi-layer neural network model is obtained and the solution space structure is visualized.
The Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group residing across China. Shaanxi province in northern China was a pastoral–agricultural interlacing region sensitive to climate change since ...Neolithic times, which makes it a vital place for studying population dynamics. However, genetic studies of Shaanxi Han are underrepresented due to the lack of high‐density sampling and genome‐wide data. Here, we genotyped 700 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 200 Han individuals from nine populations in Shaanxi and compared with available modern and ancient Eurasian individuals. We revealed a north–south genetic cline in Han Chinese with Shaanxi Han locating at the northern side of the cline. We detected the western Eurasian‐related admixture in Shaanxi populations, especially in Guanzhong and Shanbei Han Chinese in proportions of 2%–4.6%. Shaanxi Han were suggested to derive a large part of ancestry (39%–69%) from a lineage that also contributed largely to ancient and present‐day Tibetans (85%) as well as southern Han, supporting the common northern China origin of modern Sino‐Tibetan‐speaking populations and southwestward expansion of millet farmers from the middle‐upper Yellow River Basin to the Tibetan Plateau and to southern China. The rest of the ancestry of Shaanxi Han was from a lineage closely related to ancient and present‐day Austronesian and Tai‐Kadai speaking populations in southern China and Southeast Asia. We also observed a genetic substructure in Shaanxi Han in terms of north–south‐related ancestry corresponding well to the latitudes. Maternal mitochondrial DNA and paternal Y‐chromosome lineages further demonstrated the aforementioned admixture pattern of Han Chinese in Shaanxi province.
The Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group residing across China. Shaanxi Province in northern China was a pastoral–agricultural interlacing region sensitive to climate change since Neolithic times, which makes it a vital place for studying population dynamics. However, genetic studies of Shaanxi Hans are underrepresented due to the lack of high‐density sampling and genome‐wide data. Here, we genotyped 700 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 200 Han individuals from nine populations in Shaanxi and compared with available modern and ancient Eurasian individuals. We revealed a north–south genetic cline in Han Chinese with Shaanxi Hans locating at the northern side of the cline. We detected the western Eurasian‐related admixture in Shaanxi populations, especially in Guanzhong and Shanbei Han Chinese in proportions of 2%–4.6%. Shaanxi Hans were suggested to derive a large part of ancestry (39%–69%) from a lineage that also contributed largely to ancient and present‐day Tibetans (85%) as well as southern Hans, supporting the common northern China origin of modern Sino‐Tibetan‐speaking populations and southwestward expansion of millet farmers from middle‐upper Yellow River Basin to the Tibetan Plateau and to southern China. The rest of the ancestry of Shaanxi Hans was from a lineage closely related to ancient and present‐day Austronesian and Tai‐Kadai speaking populations in southern China and Southeast Asia. We also observed a genetic substructure in Shaanxi Hans in terms of north–south‐related ancestry corresponding well to the latitudes. Maternal mitochondrial DNA and paternal Y‐chromosome lineages further demonstrated the aforementioned admixture pattern of Han Chinese in Shaanxi Province.
To acquire Si
3
N
4
-based composite with combination of high mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity, dense multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-dispersed Si
3
N
4
ceramics ...were fabricated, using BaCO
3
–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
(BAS) as a second phase to improve the density and avoid reaction between MWCNTs and Si
3
N
4
. The results revealed that 40 wt% BAS prominently benefited the densification of MWCNTs-dispersed Si
3
N
4
composites and promoted the phase transformation of
α
-Si
3
N
4
to
β
-Si
3
N
4
, thereby contributing to superior mechanical properties. Additionally, the effects of MWCNTs on the densification, phase transformation, microstructure and properties were investigated. MWCNTs were well dispersed without damage in BAS/Si
3
N
4
composites exhibiting excellent electrical conductivity. Consequently, these composites would be expanded to more applications including electrostatic chargeless bearing and electromagnetic interference shielding as well as high-temperature structural applications with geometrically complex morphologies.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of types of horticultural activities among elderly individuals in a senior citizen learning camp. We arranged four horticultural activities: Grass Doll, ...Kokedama, Rocky Leaf Prints, and Herb Tasting and Smelling. Twenty-seven senior citizens (60 to 76 years) were recruited to participate. We assessed their physiological and mental state before and after the activities by measuring heart rate variability (HRV), pulse rate, blood pressure, salivary amylase activity (SAA), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Results showed that SAA was significantly lower after the Rocky Leaf Prints, Herb Tasting and Smelling, and Kokedama. Pulse rate had a downward trend after the four horticultural activities. The ratio of low frequency (LF) over high frequency (HF) results showed that the Rocky Leaf Prints had a larger downward trend, followed by Herb Tasting and Smelling. POMS scores indicated significant improvement for Rocky Leaf Prints and Herb Tasting and Smelling. The types including artistic creation and food tasting were promising methods for psychological relaxation, stress reduction, and vigor enhancement for elderly persons. Findings showed that the impact of activities involving contact with plants was more significant in short-term activities. We hope this study can help plan the horticultural activities of the elderly in the future.
This paper investigates a class of (2 + 1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear evolution equation with time-dependent coefficients in an inhomogeneous medium via the Hirota bilinear method. Combining the ...long wave limit method and complex conjugate transform, the higher-order breather and lump solutions are initially constructed. Furthermore, hybrid solutions among N-soliton, lump and breather solutions are derived by linear constraints on the parameters. Meanwhile, the dynamic evolution behaviour of some special concrete solutions under different time-dependent coefficients is presented visually in the form of images.
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have propelled the development of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) with sophisticated, environment-sensitive capabilities. Despite the progress, most of the ...existing SMPs are limited to responding to a single stimulus and show poor functionality, which has severely hindered their future applications. Herein, we report a high-performance multistimuli-responsive shape-memory and self-healing composite film fabricated by embedding MXene nanosheets into a conventional shape-memory sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The incorporation of photothermal MXene nanosheets not only enhances the composite films’ mechanical strength but also provides efficient solar–thermal conversion and robust light-actuated shape-memory properties. The resultant composite films exhibit an exceptional shape-memory response to various stimuli including heat, light, and water. Meanwhile, the interfacial interactions can be modulated by adjusting the MXene content, thereby enabling precise manipulation of the shape-memory performance. Moreover, thanks to the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the components and the unique physically cross-linked network, the composite films also demonstrate an effective water-assisted self-healing capability with an impressive healing efficiency of 85.7%. This work offers insights into the development of multifunctional, multistimuli-responsive shape-memory composites, opening up new possibilities for future applications in smart technologies.
Some new solitary solutions of (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation such as breather solutions, double breather solutions and mixed solutions of different forms are studied via applying Hirota's ...bilinear form and constructing various trial functions. Besides, the degradation phenomenon of breather solution to lump-type solution is investigated, and dynamical behaviours of the interaction between solitary solutions and lump-type solutions varying with time t is discussed. Finally, the interactive result between N-soliton solution (N takes any positive integer) and lump-type solution is studied by reducing dimension, and the detailed proof process is presented.
CUL1 is an essential component of SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Our previous study has showed that CUL1 is positively associated with poor overall and disease-specific ...survival of breast cancer patients. Here, we further explored its roles in breast cancer metastasis. Our data showed that CUL1 significantly promoted breast cancer cell migration, invasion, tube formation in vitro, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis in vivo. In mechanism, the human gene expression profiling was used to determine global transcriptional changes in MDA-MB-231 cells, and we identified autocrine expression of the cytokines CXCL8 and IL11 as the target genes of CUL1 in breast cancer cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. CUL1 regulated EZH2 expression to promote the production of cytokines, and finally significantly aggravating the breast cancer cell metastasis and angiogenesis through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Combined with the previous report about CUL1, we proposed that CUL1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis.
The ovum oil of forest frog has various health beneficial functions. In the current research, we evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of the low-cholesterol ovum oil from the forest frog and its ...combination with stigmasterol in rats.
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