In this paper we investigate the mechanisms for organization of the clusters in wireless sensor networks (WSN). After the short introduction to these systems we present the communication architecture ...and the energy dissipation model, which are used for the hierarchical cluster-based WSN. In the third section of the paper we analyze the current widely used process for organization of the clusters and we outline its main disadvantages. Later we present an approach for balanced consumption of the energy by the sensor motes, and then we propose a modification to this approach. In the next section we present and analyze the results of a series of simulation experiments, which we have conducted with the proposed approach, and then we compare these results with the ones obtained from the simulation experiments, which are conducted with the other presented approaches.
The rat parvovirus H‐1PV has oncolytic and tumour‐suppressive properties potentially exploitable in cancer therapy. This possibility is being explored and results are encouraging, but it is necessary ...to improve the oncotoxicity of the virus. Here we show that this can be achieved by co‐treating cancer cells with H‐1PV and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) such as valproic acid (VPA). We demonstrate that these agents act synergistically to kill a range of human cervical carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. Strikingly, in rat and mouse xenograft models, H‐1PV/VPA co‐treatment strongly inhibits tumour growth promoting complete tumour remission in all co‐treated animals. At the molecular level, we found acetylation of the parvovirus nonstructural protein NS1 at residues K85 and K257 to modulate NS1‐mediated transcription and cytotoxicity, both of which are enhanced by VPA treatment. These results warrant clinical evaluation of H‐1PV/VPA co‐treatment against cervical and pancreatic ductal carcinomas.
JET and TCV data for the correlations between ELM frequency and plasma characteristics are analyzed in the framework of classical Fokker-Planck approach. A general formula is obeyed in wide range of ...ELM sizes with varying coefficients corresponding to the main engineering parameters. The values of the coefficients differ from those in the solution of Fokker-Planck equation for diffusion revealing the impact of non-diffusive transport. Preliminary estimations for the impact of plasma recycling and impurities on the quasi equilibrium state of pedestal plasma during ELM discharges are made. They will be verified with PIC simulation of the transport of plasma in the SOL and its interactions with the plates of the divertor.
Leptin inhibits feeding, reduces body weight and increases thermogenesis. Experimental data suggest involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy balance. The ...present study was set to determine the effect of combinations from leptin, GABA
-agonist baclofen and GABA
-antagonist CGP35348 on thermoregulation of male Wistar rats, using in vivo and in vitro experiments. The substances used for in vivo experiments were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). The measurement of the body temperature was done via thermistor probes (TX8) and monitored on multichannel recorder Iso-Thermex16. In vitro experiments were conducted on rat PO/AH neurons, recorded extracellulary by conventional electrophysiological equipment, using brain slice preparations. The separate intraperitoneal injection of leptin as well as GABA
-antagonist CGP35348 produced significant hyperthermia in rats while the GABAB-agonist baclofen caused a decrease in the core body temperature. The probable synergy between the hyperthermic effects of leptin and GABA
-antagonist did not occur. On the contrary, the effect of this combination was lower as compared to the result of the separate administration of GABA
-antagonist. When leptin was applied just prior to GABA
-agonist baclofen, neither of their separate effects appeared. In vivo effects determined correlated with in vitro changes of firing rate observed in PO/AH neurons. The data from this study provide a new point of view concerning the interactions of leptin and GABA on the level of thermoregulation. These results represent a step forward in understanding the complicated mechanisms involved in thermoregulation.
Stoichiometric amounts of Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO to give the crystalline phases Y123 and Y211 of YBCO were dissolved in nitric acid, followed by neutralisation using ammonia and gel formation by the ...addition of citric acid. The gels were dried at 80 C, then subjected to heat treatment at 530 C for 2 h then at 900 C for 4 h. The precursor compounds and the resulting superconducting powders were characterised by IR spectroscopy, XRD, DTA and SEM. The citrates decomposed to form carbonates at 237.5 C, which in turn decomposed over the temperature range 850-900 C, forming Y211 or Y123 nanoparticles of stoichiometric composition.
In the current state-of-the art of clinical inverse planning, the design of clinically acceptable IMRT plans is predominantly based on the optimization of physical rather than biological objective ...functions. A major impetus for this trend is the unproven predictive power of radiobiological models, which is largely due to the scarcity of data sets for an accurate evaluation of the model parameters. On the other hand, these models do capture the currently known dose-volume effects in tissue dose-response, which should be accounted for in the process of optimization. In order to incorporate radiobiological information in clinical treatment planning optimization, we propose a hybrid physico-biological approach to inverse treatment planning based on the application of a continuous penalty function method to the constrained minimization of a biological objective. The objective is defined as the weighted sum of normal tissue complication probabilities evaluated with the Lyman normal-tissue complication probability model. Physical constraints specify the admissible minimum and maximum target dose. The continuous penalty function method is then used to find an approximate solution of the resulting large-scale constrained minimization problem. Plans generated by our approach are compared to ones produced by a commercial planning system incorporating physical optimization. The comparisons show clinically negligible differences, with the advantage that the hybrid technique does not require specifications of any dose-volume constraints to the normal tissues. This indicates that the proposed hybrid physico-biological method can be used for the generation of clinically acceptable plans.
In order to study inflationary cosmology and the Milky Way Galaxy's composition and magnetic field structure, Stokes I, Q, and U maps of the Galactic plane covering the Galactic longitude range 260 ...Degree-Sign < l < 340 Degree-Sign in three atmospheric transmission windows centered on 100, 150, and 220 GHz are presented. The maps sample an optical depth 1 {approx}< A{sub V} {approx}< 30, and are consistent with previous characterizations of the Galactic millimeter-wave frequency spectrum and the large-scale magnetic field structure permeating the interstellar medium. The polarization angles in all three bands are generally perpendicular to those measured by starlight polarimetry as expected and show changes in the structure of the Galactic magnetic field on the scale of 60 Degree-Sign . The frequency spectrum of degree-scale Galactic emission is plotted between 23 and 220 GHz (including WMAP data) and is fit to a two-component (synchrotron and dust) model showing that the higher frequency BICEP data are necessary to tightly constrain the amplitude and spectral index of Galactic dust. Polarized emission is detected over the entire region within two degrees of the Galactic plane, indicating the large-scale magnetic field is oriented parallel to the plane of the Galaxy. A trend of decreasing polarization fraction with increasing total intensity is observed, ruling out the simplest model of a constant Galactic magnetic field orientation along the line of sight in the Galactic plane. A generally increasing trend of polarization fraction with electromagnetic frequency is found, varying from 0.5%-1.5% at frequencies below 50 GHz to 2.5%-3.5% above 90 GHz. The effort to extend the capabilities of BICEP by installing 220 GHz band hardware is described along with analysis of the new band.
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