In the past decades, the doping of ZnO one‐dimensional nanostructures has attracted a great deal of attention due to the variety of possible morphologies, large surface‐to‐volume ratios, simple and ...low cost processing, and excellent physical properties for fabricating high‐performance electronic, magnetic, and optoelectronic devices. This article mainly concentrates on recent advances regarding the doping of ZnO one‐dimensional nanostructures, including a brief overview of the vapor phase transport method and hydrothermal method, as well as the fabrication process for photodetectors. The dopant elements include B, Al, Ga, In, N, P, As, Sb, Ag, Cu, Ti, Na, K, Li, La, C, F, Cl, H, Mg, Mn, S, and Sn. The various dopants which act as acceptors or donors to realize either p‐type or n‐type are discussed. Doping to alter optical properties is also considered. Lastly, the perspectives and future research outlook of doped ZnO nanostructures are summarized.
Recent developments in doping ZnO 1D nanostructured photodetectors are reviewed with a focus on the type of photodetector and the methods of synthesis and fabrication. In this review, the typical fabrication methods and structure–property relationships of these photodetectors are discussed. The photodetector performances of differently doped materials are also summarized and compared.
The escalating environmental impact of pollution and the imperative to reduce carbon emissions have heightened the significance of developing biobased materials from natural biomass for electronic ...devices. This study investigates the utilization of biofermentation‐produced recombinant spider silk and animal‐derived hemin to create a novel biobased electret for field‐effect transistor memory. A critical challenge arises from the incompatibility between natural photoresponsive molecules and insulating biomaterials, resulting in severe phase separation that compromises film quality and morphology uniformity. This study systematically examines the effects of various film deposition and manufacturing techniques on the biobased electret's morphology, phase separation, and performance. Different methods demonstrate distinct advantages in terms of molecular aggregation/segregation, morphological homogeneity, and device performance. Phototransistor memory devices fabricated using spin coating and spray coating techniques exhibit robust aggregations and high memory windows of ≈30 V. Conversely, devices produced through solution shearing and electrospinning methods display enhanced smooth morphologies and high photoresponsivity. The phototransistor memory comprising electrospun fibers holds the potential to achieve the highest memory ratio, reaching ≈105. These findings not only highlight the applications of biobased materials through scalable film deposition processes but also underscore the importance of refining their morphology, phase separation, and performance in optoelectronic devices.
The performance of the spider silk and hemin composite for phototransistor memories are comparatively investigated. Evaluation of diverse solution‐processing methods highlights electrospinning's impact on photophysical properties. The composite exhibits memory ratios of 3.6 × 105 and 2.2 × 105 under 365 and 405 nm illumination, underscoring the crucial role of uniform morphology and ordered molecule orientation in enhancing device performance.
•High density p-type Na-doped ZnO nanowires were uniformly synthesized on glass substrate via the hydrothermal method.•The p-type characteristic of the nanowires was verified through Hall and ...humidity measurements.•2∼6 nm Au nanoparticles were sputtered on nanowires to fabricate a room temperature sensor and strengthen p-type property.•The p-type gas sensor has a high response, sensitivity and selectivity under UV illumination at room temperature.
High density p-type Na-doped ZnO nanowires were uniformly grown on glass substrate via the hydrothermal method, and then examined by SEM, XRD, PL, XPS, and TEM analysis. The p-type characteristic of the nanowires was verified through Hall and humidity measurements. 2∼6 nm Au nanoparticles were sputtered on the nanowires to fabricate a room temperature sensor and strengthen its p-type property, which was enhanced by the Schottky barrier at Au NPs/ZnO interface. The p-type gas sensor has a high response, sensitivity and selectivity under UV illumination at room temperature.
Novel Li1−2xMxVO3 (M = Mg, Zn) (x = 0–0.09) microwave dielectrics suitable for ULTCC (ultra-low temperature co-fired ceramics) applications were synthesized. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed ...that all samples were monoclinic structured with a space group of C2/c. Microstructures, lattice parameters, and Raman spectra of the ceramics were also studied. Q×f (Q: quality factor) was mainly controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic loss, while the variation of τf (temperature coefficient of resonant frequency) was related to ceramic bond valence. Poor microwave dielectric properties of pure LiVO3 can be tremendously enhanced by substituting a minute amount of Mg or Zn in place of Li. Excellent properties could be obtained for specimens sintered at 520 °C with an εr of 9.78, a Q×f of 45,600 GHz and an τf of –45 ppm/°C for Li0.98Mg0.01VO3, in addition to an εr (dielectric constant) of 9.25, a Q×f of 33,100 GHz and an τf of –53.6 ppm/°C for Li0.98Zn0.01VO3. Furthermore, the Li0.98Mg0.01VO3 specimen was found to be chemically comparable with the Al electrode. With 2 mol% of TiO2 added, the specimen at 520 °C achieved excellent characteristics which include an εr of 9.2, a Q×f of 30,000 GHz, and an τf of –2.8 ppm/°C, making it a very promising ULTCC dielectric for high-frequency 5 G applications.
Abstract
A new series of triphenylamine (TPA)‐functionalized isomeric polythiophenes are developed as hole transporting materials (HTM) for inverted tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). ...Bithiophene (BT) is first functionalized with two TPA (electron donor; D) at 3 and 5 positions to give two structural isomeric compounds (3BT2D and 5BT2D). The functionalized BT2Ds are then coupled with 3,3′‐bis(tetradecylthio)‐2,2′‐bithiophene (SBT‐14)/3,3′‐ditetradecyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (BT‐14) to produce structural isomeric polythiophenes (1‐4), which are compared to conventional poly
N
,
N
″‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐
N
,
N
″‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine (poly‐TPD) as HTMs for TPSCs. With the appropriate alignment of energy levels with regard to the perovskite layer, the TPA‐functionalized polymers‐based TPSCs exhibit enhanced operational stability and efficiency. Moreover, the long thiotetradecyl chain in SBT‐14 with intramolecular S(alkyl)∙∙∙S(thio) interactions restricts the molecular rotation and has a strong impact on the molecular solubility and wettability of the film during device fabrication. Among all the polymers studied, TPSCs fabricated with 3‐SBT‐BT2D polymer exhibit the highest hole mobility as well as the slowest charge recombination and achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.6%, with great long‐term stability for the performance retaining ≈90% of its initial values for shelf storage over 4000 h, which is the best efficiency for non‐PEDOT:PSS‐based TPSCs ever reported.
Artificial photosynthesis using semiconductors has been investigated for more than three decades for the purpose of transferring solar energy into chemical fuels. Numerous studies have revealed that ...the introduction of plasmonic materials into photochemical reaction can substantially enhance the photo response to the solar splitting of water. Until recently, few systematic studies have provided clear evidence concerning how plasmon excitation and which factor dominates the solar splitting of water in photovoltaic devices. This work demonstrates the effects of plasmons upon an Au nanostructure–ZnO nanorods array as a photoanode. Several strategies have been successfully adopted to reveal the mutually independent contributions of various plasmonic effects under solar irradiation. These have clarified that the coupling of hot electrons that are formed by plasmons and the electromagnetic field can effectively increase the probability of a photochemical reaction in the splitting of water. These findings support a new approach to investigating localized plasmon-induced effects and charge separation in photoelectrochemical processes, and solar water splitting was used herein as platform to explore mechanisms of enhancement of surface plasmon resonance.
High density CuO/Cu2O composite nanowires were synthesized on simpler Cu through-silicon via by heated oxidation. XRD spectrum analysis and HR-TEM revealed that these nanowires had Cu2O cubic ...crystalline and CuO monoclinic structures. The sensing current of the CuO/Cu2O composite nanowires decreased as the ethanol concentration increased due to their p-type material property. The relative humidity response of the nanowires increased along with the relative humidity. The UV photoresponse of the CuO/Cu2O composite nanowires also increased with the relative humidity, due to the photocatalytic layer that formed on the nanowire surface.
Display omitted
•ZnO nanowires were hydrothermally synthesized on a silicone layer of UV-LED.•The ZnO nanowires/LED combination device can perform humidity sensing, gas sensing, and UV ...detection.•Under various LED illumination, humidity and ethanol gas response of device showed its unique physical characteristics.•The ethanol gas response characteristics of the device were enhanced when the input power was increased.
ZnO nanowires were hydrothermally synthesized on a silicone layer of an ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diode (LED). The ZnO nanowires/LED combination was used to fabricate a device that can perform humidity sensing, gas sensing, and UV detection. Under UV, blue, and green LED illumination, the humidity and ethanol gas response of the device showed its unique physical characteristics. The ethanol gas response characteristics of the device were enhanced when the input power was increased.
Bilayer graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, for which the optical transmission is ~95%-96%. XPS detected that a few oxygen molecules were absorbed on the surface of graphene. The ...Raman and optical transmission spectra verified that the graphene sample is bilayer. The responses of the bilayer graphene sample increased with increased relative humidity.
Stroke is a common cause of death worldwide and leads to disability and cognitive dysfunction. Ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are major categories of stroke, accounting for 68% and 32% of ...strokes, respectively. Each year, 15 million people experience stroke worldwide, and the stroke incidence is rising. Epigenetic modifications regulate gene transcription and play a major role in stroke. Accordingly, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) participates in DNA damage repair and cell survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of HDAC1 in stroke pathogenesis are still controversial. Therefore, we investigated the role of HDAC1 in stroke by using a rat model of endothelin-1-induced brain ischemia. Our results revealed that HDAC1 was deregulated following stroke, and its expressional level and enzymatic activity were decreased. We also used MS-275 to inhibit HDAC1 function in rats exposed to ischemic insult. We found that HDAC1 inhibition promoted the infarct volume, neuronal loss, DNA damage, neuronal apoptosis after stroke, and levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammation cytokines. Additionally, HDAC1 inhibition deteriorated the behavioral outcomes of rats with ischemic insult. Overall, our findings demonstrate that HDAC1 participates in ischemic pathogenesis in the brain and possesses potential for use as a therapeutic target.
PDF