In this study, a transparent ZnO nanowire (NW)-based device for ethanol gas sensing and ultraviolet (UV) detection was fabricated and deposited onto an indium tin oxide/crystalline silicon (c-Si) ...solar cell. For UV detection, the photocurrent increased rapidly with a time constant of about 137 s when UV excitation was applied. The photocurrent decreased from 3 × 10
−6
to 1.2 × 10
−7
A when the UV light was switched off. For ethanol gas sensing, UV light was used to increase the quantity of O
2
−
species. The ZnO sensor response increased from 8% to 21% when the ethanol gas concentration was increased from 50 to 150 ppm at 53 °C (heat generated by the c-Si solar cell). The sensor response approximately zero without solar illumination. The sensor had almost no effect on the transfer efficiency of the solar cell.
In this study, a transparent ZnO nanowire (NW)-based device for ethanol gas sensing and ultraviolet (UV) detection was fabricated and deposited onto an indium tin oxide/crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell.
In this work high density, well-aligned Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanowires are hydrothermally synthesized on glass substrate at 99°C. The Al content is ~1.57at%. The PL spectrum shows that Al impurities ...caused an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies. The spectral response results show that the maximum responsivity and quantum efficiencies η of AZO NWs are 3.61A/W and 84.9%, at an incident light wavelength of 360nm. These AZO NWs have less humidity sensitivity, thus decreasing the effect of humidity effect on gas sensing. Low gas concentrations of 10ppm ethanol and 10ppm acetone can be detected with good responses of 24.5% and 21.2%, using the AZO NW sensor at 200°C and with 0.1V applied bias.
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Planar MOS/MEMS gas sensors have been widely studied and applied, but the detection of exhaled gas has been little developed. The flow rate of exhaled gas affects the suspension structure of the MEMS ...gas sensor and the operating temperature of the gas sensor. Therefore, this study uses the Bosch process and the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to prepare a room-temperature (RT) TSV-structured TiO2 gas sensor. The results indicated that the TiO2 sensing film is uniformed and covers the through-silicon via (TSV) structure and the TiO2 sensing film is confirmed to be a p-type MOS. In terms of gas sensing at room temperature, the response of the sensor increases with the increasing NO concentration. The sensor response is 16.5% on average, with an inaccuracy of <± 0.5% for five cycles at 4 ppm NO concentration. For gas at 10 ppm, the response of the sensor to NO is 24.4%, but the sensor produces almost no response to other gases (CO, CO2, SO2, and H2S). The RT TiO2 gas sensor with a TSV structure exhibits good stability, reversibility, and selectivity to NO gas.
High density vertical Ti doped ZnO (ZnO:Ti) nanorods (NRs) were uniformly grown on ZnO/glass substrate at 600°C by a furnace system with Ti hotwire assistance. The Ti dopant concentrations are 0.87% ...and 1.86at.%. The XRD and HRTEM images of ZnO:Ti NRs revealed a wurtzite structure oriented in the c-axis direction. The XRD (002) peaks of the 0.87% and 1.86% Ti-containing samples are shifted to a smaller angle by approximately 0.04° and 0.23°, respectively. That photoluminescence (PL) dominated indicates that the increasing Ti dopant has a great amount of oxygen vacancies by observed green band increasing. The UV band of the PL spectra was blue shifted and increased with increasing Ti. The TEM–EDX mapping images reveal that the majority of Ti atoms are located at the top of the ZnO:Ti NRs. The conductivity of 1.86% Ti-containing samples was 80.7 times higher than the pure ZnO NRs. The ethanol gas responses of the ZnO:Ti NR sensor were around 27.5%, 66.7%, 117.1%, 183.5%, 276.5% and 389.5% when the ethanol gas concentration was 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000ppm, respectively. The ethanol gas responses of the ZnO:Ti NRs are higher than that of the ZnO NRs by around 5.1 times at ethanol 1000ppm concentration.
A novel Cu through silicon via (TSV) fabrication process that does not require chemical mechanical polishing, temporary bonding, and de-bonding processes was developed. The Cu TSV has a square ...pattern with a side length of ∼80 μm and a depth of ∼280 μm. Uniform, high-density CuO/Cu
2
O composite nanowires (NWs) were grown on the Cu TSV using thermal oxidation. The field emission turn-on field and enhancement factor of the CuO/Cu
2
O composite NWs were 4.7 V μm
−1
and ∼2902, respectively.
Novel field emission structure of CuO/Cu
2
O composite nanowires based on copper through silicon via technology.
A three dimensional (3D) field emission display structure was prepared using CuO/Cu
2
O composite nanowires (NWs) and a three dimensional through silicon
via
(3D-TSV) technique. The experimental ...results indicated that the diameter and length of the Si
via
were about 100 μm and 200 μm, respectively. For the 3D field emission structure, high-density CuO/Cu
2
O composite nanowires (NWs) were grown on the concave TSV structure using thermal oxidation. The field emission turn-on field and enhancement factor of the CuO/Cu
2
O composite NWs were 15 V μm
−1
and ∼1748, respectively. With regard to field emission displays, we successfully used the 3D field emission structure to excite the orange phosphors.
A three dimensional (3D) field emission display structure was prepared using CuO/Cu
2
O composite nanowires (NWs) and a three dimensional through silicon
via
(3D-TSV) technique.
Windswept deformity (WSD) in relation to advanced osteoarthritis (OA) presents a significant surgical challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The primary goal of this study is to investigate the ...Prevalance of WSD associated osteoarthritis who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. The secondary goal is to explore the causes of WSD and its association with spinal deformity or leg length discrepancy in these patients. Finally, we evaluate the surgical outcomes of phenotype-considered kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) in treating patients with WSD.
A review was conducted on data from 40 knees of 33 WSD patients who underwent phenotype-considered KA-TKA from August 2016 to December 2020. Patient demographics, associated diseases, preoperative and postoperative knee alignment angles, range of motion (ROM), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and Knee Society Score (KSS) were collected and analyzed. Subgroup analysis for comparing the results between valgus and varus knees were also performed.
Within the studied cohort of WSD patients, a substantial 64% displayed concomitant coronal spinal imbalance and 21% evidenced leg length discrepancy. Postoperative improvements were notable in knee alignments, ROM, OKS, and KSS following the application of the phenotype-considered KA-TKA approach. There were significant differences in the knee alignment angles, including mHKA, LDFA, and MPTA, between the valgus and varus side of knees (P = 0.018). However, no statistically significant difference were observed in the functional scores, comprising ROM, OKS, and KSS, between valgus and varus knees.
A high percentage of patients with WSD exhibited coronal spinal imbalance and leg length discrepancy. Phenotype-considered KA-TKA effectively provided alignment targets for the treatment of both varus and valgus knees in patients with WSD, achieving excellent short-term outcomes and acceptable knee alignment.
Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is used to produce a TiO2 gas sensor. The conical TSV structure is constructed using a laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the depth-to-diameter ratio is ...20:13 (200 μm: 130 μm). The sensing layer TiO2 is fabricated by using a thermal oxidation (TO) process and covers the TSV structure. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis show that the main plane of the TiO2 film is (110), and there is a uniformly covered TSV structure. For the TiO2 gas sensor operating at room temperature (RT) of 25 °C, the recorded sensor responses are 12.08, 15, 18.5, 23.9, 31, and 38.9%, corresponding to NO2 concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 ppm. In assessing the stability, the sensing result registers 18.5% over three cycles at 1 ppm of NO2, with a deviation under ±0.2%. The TiO2 material exhibits better selectivity for NO2 than for other gases (NH3, CO2, CO, H2, H2S, and SO2). The results of this study show that the RT TiO2 gas sensor with a TSV structure is stable, reversible, and exhibits good selectivity for NO2 gas.
Au/ZnO core–shell nanostructures decorated with Au nanoparticles were synthesized on an ITO/glass substrate. The investigated sensor contains 2-D, 1-D, and 0-D nanostructures to provide a large ...surface-area-to-volume ratio and catalytic quantum effect and to avoid the issues inherent in heterojunction interface barriers. The sensitivities of the fabricated glucose sensors in the dark and under blue and green LED illumination were 3371.9, 4410.9, and 4157.8 μA/cm2 mM–1, respectively. The achieved sensitivities are higher than previous reports on Au nanostructure sensors by 2–100 times. Further, the blue and green LED illumination respectively enhanced the sensitivity and CV glucose sensing currents by ∼30.8 and ∼23.3% and ∼27 and ∼35%. The detection limits of the glucose sensor in the dark and under visible illumination were the same at ∼0.5 μM. Moreover, these visible light illumination enhancements are attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance effect.
A method for low-temperature synthesis of a mixture of high-density ZnO nanoflakes and nanowires was developed to produce low-cost and high-efficiency gas sensors with ZnO nanostructures. ZnO ...nanoflakes and nanowires were grown on glass substrates by the RF sputter deposition of Zn particles and localized oxidation at a low temperature of 300
°C. The synthesized ZnO nanoflakes and nanowires were polycrystalline and had nanometer dimensions, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) measuring. A gas sensor based on the mixture of ZnO nanoflakes/nanowires responded rapidly and sensitively to ethanol. The sensing properties of the ZnO nanostructure sensor were approximately 72% for 50
ppm ethanol gas at an operating temperature of 100
°C. The response to 10
ppm of ethanol gas was 42% at the same temperature.
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