Abstract
In transition metal compounds, due to the interplay of charge, spin, lattice and orbital degrees of freedom, many intertwined orders exist with close energies. One of the commonly observed ...states is the so-called nematic electron state, which breaks the in-plane rotational symmetry. This nematic state appears in cuprates, iron-based superconductor, etc. Nematicity may coexist, affect, cooperate or compete with other orders. Here we show the anisotropic in-plane electronic state and superconductivity in a recently discovered kagome metal CsV
3
Sb
5
by measuring
c
-axis resistivity with the in-plane rotation of magnetic field. We observe a twofold symmetry of superconductivity in the superconducting state and a unique in-plane nematic electronic state in normal state when rotating the in-plane magnetic field. Interestingly these two orders are orthogonal to each other in terms of the field direction of the minimum resistivity. Our results shed new light in understanding non-trivial physical properties of CsV
3
Sb
5
.
lncRNAs can exert many biological effects in several cancer types. MALAT1 is a kind of lncRNA which is greatly overexpressed in several tumors including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, ...the mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC still remains unclear. In our current study, we concentrated on the biological mechanism of MALAT1 in NSCLC. It was observed that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in five human NSCLC cells including A549, H23, H522, H1299, and H460 cells compared to normal bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells. On the contrary, miR‐124 was remarkably downregulated, which indicated a potential negative correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. MALAT1 inhibition can increase miR‐124 expression in A549 and H460 cells. In addition, miR‐124 mimics were able to repress MALAT1 expression and miR124 inhibitors can promote MALAT1 levels. Then it was found that shMALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis, which can be reversed by miR‐124 inhibitors. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the correlation between miR‐124 and MALAT1. In addition, STAT3 was found to be a novel mRNA target of miR‐124. Downregulation of MALAT1 can inhibit NSCLC development by enhancing miR‐124 and decreasing STAT3 expression. We speculated that MALAT1can act as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to modulate miR‐124/STAT3 in NSCLC. Taken these together, we revealed that MALAT1/miR‐124/STAT3 was involved in NSCLC development.
We found that MALAT1 downregulation can inhibit NSCLC progression and miR‐124 inhibitors can induce NSCLC development, which indicated a reverse correlation between MALAT1 and miR‐124. Besides these, STAT3 was able to be targeted by miR‐124. Our results suggested that MALAT1/miR‐124/STAT3 were involved in NSCLC progression and should be potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Caroli-de Gennes-Matricon (CdGM) states were predicted in 1964 as low-energy excitations within vortex cores of type-II superconductors. In the quantum limit, the energy levels of these states were ...predicted to be discrete with the basic levels at ±μΔ2/EF (μ = 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, …) with Δ the superconducting energy gap and EF the Fermi energy. However, due to the small ratio of Δ/EF in most type-II superconductors, it is very difficult to observe the discrete CdGM states, but rather a symmetric peak which appears at zero bias at the vortex center. Here we report the clear observation of these discrete energy levels of CdGM states in FeTe0.55Se0.45. The rather stable energies of these bound state peaks vs. space clearly validate our conclusion. Analysis based on the energies of these CdGM states indicates that the Fermi energy in the present system is very small.
Herein we report the development of a turn‐on lanthanide luminescent probe for time‐gated detection of nitroreductases (NTRs) in live bacteria. The probe is activated through NTR‐induced formation of ...the sensitizing carbostyril antenna and resulting energy transfer to the lanthanide center. This novel NTR‐responsive trigger is virtually non‐fluorescent in its inactivated form and features a large signal increase upon activation. We show that the probe is capable of selectively sensing NTR in lysates as well as in live bacteria of the ESKAPE family which are clinically highly relevant multiresistant pathogens responsible for the majority of hospital infections. The results suggest that our probe could be used to develop diagnostic tools for bacterial infections.
Illuminating pathogens: A terbium‐based luminescent turn‐on probe was developed capable of tracing nitroreductase in live bacteria using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The probe thus could be used as a new tool for the imaging of bacterial infections.
Apoptosis is a form of cell death by which the body maintains the homeostasis of the internal environment. Apoptosis is an initiative cell death process that is controlled by genes and is mainly ...divided into endogenous pathways (mitochondrial pathway), exogenous pathways (death receptor pathway), and apoptotic pathways induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The homeostasis imbalance in ER results in ER stress. Under specific conditions, ER stress can be beneficial to the body; however, if ER protein homeostasis is not restored, the prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response may initiate apoptotic cell death via the up-regulation of the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). CHOP plays an important role in ER stress-induced apoptosis and this review focuses on its multifunctional roles in that process, as well as its role in apoptosis during microbial infection. We summarize the upstream and downstream pathways of CHOP in ER stress induced apoptosis. We also focus on the newest discoveries in the functions of CHOP-induced apoptosis during microbial infection, including DNA and RNA viruses and some species of bacteria. Understanding how CHOP functions during microbial infection will assist with the development of antimicrobial therapies.
Mixing should be optimized in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems to achieve excellent biomaterials production in the sewage sludge (SS) management in wastewater treatment plant. AD depends on the ...coordinated activity of hydrolysis, acidification and methanogenesis. However, the effect of mixing intensity on characteristics of hydrolysis and acidification in AD of SS is still poorly understood. This study focused on the mixing intensity (30, 60, 90 and 120 rpm) effect on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the key microorganisms in the hydrolysis and acidification of SS. Results showed that enhanced hydrolysis and acidification efficiency was obtained at mixing of 90 and 120 rpm (p < 0.05), while the maximum acetic acid (388 ± 21 mg/L) was produced at 90 rpm. Mixing at 90 rpm enhanced the release of protein and polysaccharide as well as humic acid. Further analyses of DOM molecular features revealed that 90 rpm led to the highest molecular diversity and easily biodegradable molecules (lipid and proteins/amino sugars), which contributed to the maximum hydrolysis and acidification efficiency. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria significantly increased with mixing intensity (p<0.05), and Chloroflexi and Fusobacteria were enriched at mixing of 90 rpm, which favored the hydrolysis of SS. The enrichment of Clostridium XI and Clostridium sensu stricto contributed to the acidification of DOM at 90 and 120 rpm. The results of this study can advance our knowledge about mixing intensity effects on the AD systems of SS. This research also showed how increasing mixing intensity to a relatively high speed can enhance the hydrolysis and acidification efficiency of SS.
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•Mixing at 90 rpm led to the maximum hydrolysis and acidification efficiency.•The release of protein, polysaccharide and humic acid was enhanced at 90 rpm.•The highest biodegradable molecules contributed to the maximum HAP efficiency.•Variations of mixing intensity induced clear differences in bacterial community.
LncRNAs can exhibit crucial roles in the development of multiple cancers, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, we investigated the role of lncRNA H19 in NSCLC. In our study, it ...was found that H19 was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells compared to normal lung epithelial BEAS‐2B cells. Meanwhile, we observed that miR‐17 was downregulated in NSCLC cell lines. Inhibited H19 can suppress the growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells and bioinformatics search was performed to predict the correlation between H19 and miR‐17. Overexpression of miR‐17 was able to inhibit the progression of NSCLC cells while reversely miR‐17 inhibitors reversed this process. In addition, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3), as an mRNA target of miR‐17, was presented in our research. Moreover, we discovered that H19 demonstrated its biological functions via regulating miR‐17 and STAT3 in vitro. Silencing H19 greatly increased STAT3 expression by sponging miR‐19 in vitro. It was hypothesized that H19 may serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate STAT3 by attaching miR‐17 in lung cancer. In summary, our findings indicated that H19/miR‐17/STAT3 axis participated in NSCLC development. H19 could be regarded as a significant prognostic biomarker in NSCLC progression.
We showed that when H19 was silenced, the progression of NSCLC cells was significantly decreased by increasing miR‐17. A negative correlation between H19 and miR‐17 was suggested in our study, and STAT3 was targeted by miR‐17 in NSCLC progression. To conclude, our findings implied that H19 can be regarded as an oncogene in the promotion of NSCLC development and this is the first report on a novel mechanism for H19 in NSCLC.
It is still very urgent and challenging to simultaneously develop high‐rate and long‐cycle oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of the sluggish kinetics and complex multiphase ...evolution during cycling. Here, the concept of accurately manipulating structural evolution and formulating high‐performance heterostructured biphasic layered oxide cathodes by local chemistry and orbital hybridization modulation is reported. The P2‐structure stoichiometric composition of the cathode material shows a layered P2‐ and O3‐type heterostructure that is explicitly evidenced by various macroscale and atomic‐scale techniques. Surprisingly, the heterostructured cathode displays excellent rate performance, remarkable cycling stability (capacity retention of 82.16% after 600 cycles at 2 C), and outstanding compatibility with hard carbon anode because of the integrated advantages of intergrowth structure and local environment regulation. Meanwhile, the formation process from precursors during calcination and the highly reversible dynamic structural evolution during the Na+ intercalation/deintercalation process are clearly articulated by a series of in situ characterization techniques. Also, the intrinsic structural properties and corresponding electrochemical behavior are further elucidated by the density of states and electron localization function of density functional theory calculations. Overall, this strategy, which finely tunes the local chemistry and orbitals hybridization for high‐performance SIBs, will open up a new field for other materials.
An abnormal heterostructured biphasic layered oxide cathode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is successfully constructed, and its dynamic formation process, intrinsic structural properties, and electrochemical behavior are elucidated by a series of in situ characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations. The concept of accurately manipulating structural evolution and formulating heterostructured cathode materials by local chemistry and orbital hybridization modulation is further demonstrated.
Optimizing charge transfer and alleviating volume expansion in electrode materials are critical to maximize electrochemical performance for energy storage systems. Herein, an atomically thin ...soft-rigid Co
S
@MoS
core-shell heterostructure with dual cation vacancies at the atomic interface is constructed as a promising anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries. The dual cation vacancies involving V
and V
in the heterostructure and the soft MoS
shell afford ionic pathways for rapid charge transfer, as well as the rigid Co
S
core acts as the dominant active component and resists structural deformation during charge/discharge. Electrochemical testing and theoretical calculations demonstrate both excellent Na
transfer kinetics and pseudocapacitive behavior. Consequently, the soft-rigid heterostructure delivers extraordinary sodium storage performance (389.7 mA h g
after 500 cycles at 5.0 A g
), superior to those of the single-phase counterparts; and the assembled Na
V
(PO
)
||d-Co
S
@MoS
/S-Gr full cell achieves an energy density of 235.5 Wh kg
at 0.5 C. Our finding opens up a new strategy of soft-rigid heterostructure and broadens the horizons of material design in energy storage and conversion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract
The superconducting state is formed by the condensation of Cooper pairs and protected by the superconducting gap. The pairing interaction between the two electrons of a Cooper pair ...determines the gap function. Thus, it is pivotal to detect the gap structure for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity. In cuprate superconductors, it has been well established that the gap may have a
d
-wave function. This gap function has an alternative sign change in the momentum space. It is however hard to visualize this sign change. Here we report the measurements of scanning tunneling spectroscopy in Bi
2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
8+δ
and conduct the analysis of phase-referenced quasiparticle interference (QPI). We see the seven basic scattering vectors that connect the octet ends of the banana-shaped contour of Fermi surface. The phase-referenced QPI clearly visualizes the sign change of the
d
-wave gap. Our results illustrate an effective way for determining the sign change of unconventional superconductors.
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