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•Both 2 linoorbitides dose-dependently induced G1 phase arrest on SGC-7901 cells.•Inhibitor of JNK promoted 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2- or B3-induced G1 phase arrest in SGC-7901 cells.•Both ...JNK and AKT played a pivotal role in 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2-induced G1 phase arrest.•Only JNK was involved in 1–9-NαC-linusorb B3-induced G1 phase arrest.
Linoorbitides (LOBs) are a family of naturally-occurring cyclic peptides in flaxseed. Previously, we reported that two different structural LOBs, 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2 and 1–9-NαC-linusorb B3, induced apoptosis towards SGC-7901 cells through an intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathway. In the present study, we found that that the 2 LOBs could dose-dependently induce cell cycle arrest of SGC-7901 cells in the G1 phase, accompanied with the downregulation of CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D3, cyclin E as well as upregulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 analyzed by Western blot. However, 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2 was more sensitive in suppressing AKT activation than 1–9-NαC-linusorb B3. In addition, inhibitor of JNK (SP600125), neither p38 (SB203580) nor ERK (PB98095), promoted 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2- or 1–9-NαC-linusorb B3-induced G1 phase arrest. In conclusion, the disruption of both JNK and AKT played a pivotal role in 1–9-NαC-linusorb B2-induced G1 phase arrest, but only JNK was involved in 1–9-NαC-linusorb B3-induced G1 phase arrest.
Combined thermal and moisture convections in an enclosure partially filled with porous medium are numerically and analytically investigated, aiming to enhance moisture transport in the thermal energy ...storage unit. Two representative configurations of porous layers were taken into considerations, being placed centrally in the space or attached to the vertical walls. Moist air motions are simultaneously driven by the internal heat generation and external concentration difference imposed across the enclosure. Effects of Darcy number, mass diffusion coefficient, thermal Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio on the heat and moisture transfer across the enclosure are discussed. Heat and mass transfer of the fluid/porous interface is analyzed as a function of the permeability of the porous layer. In the extreme case of high permeability and solutal-driven flow, a scale analysis is applied to predict the order of magnitudes involved in the boundary layer regime. Also, correlations for the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers based on discrete numerical results are proposed. There is an agreement between the analytical and numerical results of moisture transfer rate, while a slight difference of heat transfer rate is observed due to different configurations of porous layers were imposed. Present research could benefit future development of sustainable building energy storage.
•Heat and mass natural convection in an energy storage enclosure.•Flow boundary layer scale analysis is conducted to predict Nu and Sh.•NuA peaks around at Da = 10−4, while NuB monotonically increases with Da.•NuB is generally higher than NuA, excluding intermediate permeability.•Nu and Sh are nonlinear and monotonous functions of Kc.
Hillslope processes and mass movement are key issues in the analysis and evaluation of geological disasters in mountainous regions. A rockfall-dominated talus slope exhibits a typical outcrop–talus ...slope system as the product of detached boulders and rock fragments. The Zongling rockfall zone is one of the most active outcrop–talus slope systems in southwest China, and it provides a representative case study on the assessment of rockfall hazards at the base of talus slopes. In this article, the formation mechanism and failure mode of this rock-talus system were studied using field investigation, remote sensing image analysis, and numerical simulation. The findings reveal that the lithology and rock mass structure of the study site are controlling factors for outcrop retreat and the progressive development of talus deposits. This process is intensified by rainfall and mining activities. Boulder accumulation on the platform at the middle section of the talus slope serves as top loading for the slope mechanical system. During the boulder–ground interaction, the rockfall impact acts as toe cutting to change the geometry and mechanical balance of the talus slope. It was found that toe cutting significantly influenced the slope stability, which led to a decrease in the antisliding force of the slope. The slope failure induced by rockfalls occurred with the combined effect of top loading and toe cutting on this talus slope. During rockfall prevention and mitigation in this region, the government and residents should consider the geodisaster chain, as this relates to the impact of rockfall on talus slopes, in addition to the risk of damage due to the rockfall trajectory.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in patients with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer and to identify the subgroup that could benefit from RNI.
A total of 4,243 ...women with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer treated at two institutions in China were retrospectively reviewed. Survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. The association of risk factors with survival outcomes was evaluated using multivariable proportional hazards regression.
A total of 932 patients (22.0%) received RNI. At a median follow-up of 5.9 years, the 5-year locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 4.0% and 7.2% (
= 0.001), 13.2% and 10.6% (
= 0.465), 85.0% and 84.7% (
= 0.131), and 93.9% and 92.8% (
= 0.004) in the RNI and non-RNI groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that RNI was an independent prognostic factor for lower LRR (
= 0.001) and longer DFS (
= 0.013). Patients were stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on the eight non-therapeutic risk factors. RNI significantly decreased the 5-year LRR (2.2% vs. 7.0%,
= 0.001) and improved the 5-year DFS (88.8% vs. 84.9%,
= 0.015) and OS (95.8% vs. 93.9%,
= 0.010) in the intermediate-risk group. However, neither the low-risk group nor the high-risk group had survival benefit from RNI.
T1-2N1M0 breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. We found that RNI only improved survival in the intermediate-risk group. It might be omitted in low-risk patients, and the role of RNI in high-risk patients needs further study.
Since its initial release in 2001, the human reference genome has undergone continuous improvement in quality, and the recently released telomere-to-telomere (T2T) version — T2T-CHM13 — reaches its ...highest level of continuity and accuracy after 20 years of effort by working on a simplified, nearly homozygous genome of a hydatidiform mole cell line. Here, to provide an authentic complete diploid human genome reference for the Han Chinese, the largest population in the world, we assembled the genome of a male Han Chinese individual, T2T-YAO, which includes T2T assemblies of all the 22 + X + M and 22 + Y chromosomes in both haploids. The quality of T2T-YAO is much better than those of all currently available diploid assemblies, and its haploid version, T2T-YAO-hp, generated by selecting the better assembly for each autosome, reaches the top quality of fewer than one error per 29.5 Mb, even higher than that of T2T-CHM13. Derived from an individual living in the aboriginal region of the Han population, T2T-YAO shows clear ancestry and potential genetic continuity from the ancient ancestors. Each haplotype of T2T-YAO possesses ∼ 330-Mb exclusive sequences, ∼ 3100 unique genes, and tens of thousands of nucleotide and structural variations as compared with CHM13, highlighting the necessity of a population-stratified reference genome. The construction of T2T-YAO, an accurate and authentic representative of the Chinese population, would enable precise delineation of genomic variations and advance our understandings in the hereditability of diseases and phenotypes, especially within the context of the unique variations of the Chinese population.
Keratin-related proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool fibers and are thought to play a key role in regulating the physical and mechanical properties of fibers. Among all KAP genes (
),
...gene family (
,
,
,
, and
) is a very important member with high polymorphism and notable association with some wool traits. In this study, we used real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization to investigate spatiotemporal expression of
. The results revealed that
family genes were significantly expressed during anagen compared to other stages (
< 0.05). And it was found the five genes were expressed predominantly in the dermal papillae, inner and outer root sheaths, and showed a distinct spatiotemporal expression pattern. Also, it was found that
and
mRNA expression was negatively correlated with wool mean fiber diameter (MFD) and mean staple strength (MSS) (
< 0.05). In summary, the
family genes share a similar spatiotemporal expression pattern. And
and
may regulate the MFD and MSS of Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep wool by changing the expression.
Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree. ...The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads, Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads, and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb, with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73% repeat sequences. The V. fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the subsequent ca. 34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage. Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms. The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites; 17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance. Further, 651 oil-related genes were identified, 88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis. Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes, and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed. The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution, as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.
Several giant water diversion projects go through large expansive soil areas in China. It is challenging to ensure the slope stability of the deep excavated expansive soil canal segments due to its ...undesirable geologic, and physical and mechanical properties. This study develops a novel deformation prediction method for deep excavated expansive soil canal slopes based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and provides a result interpretation using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). Firstly, the main factors influencing the slope deformation of deep excavated expansive soil canal segments are discussed. Subsequently, the integrated XGBoost-SHAP method is proposed for the prediction model construction of slope deformation and its result interpretation, the related the methodologies including the variational mode decomposition (VMD), XGBoost, and SHAP are also presented. The ten-fold cross-validation is employed to find the hyperparameter combination for the deformation prediction models, and the model performances are compared with common validation measurements. The effectiveness of the explanatory deformation prediction method is verified through one typical deep excavated expansive canal segment of the mid-route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. The case study shows that the VMD algorithm can well decompose the trend, periodic and fluctuating displacements. Compared with random forest and least squares-support vector machines, the XGBoost-algorithm based model achieves the better prediction performance. SHAP provides prediction result interpretations at both global and local levels. Time dependent effect and groundwater have a significant impact on the slope deformation of deep excavated expansive soil canal segments. The integrated SHAP-XGBoost method can provide a reference for predicting slope deformation of the similar projects. It can also quantify the contribution and mechanism of influencing factors on slope deformation at both global and local levels, which is conducive to implement reinforcement measures.
A series of 4β-triazole-linked glucose podophyllotoxin conjugates have been designed and synthesized by employing a click chemistry approach. All the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer ...activity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using MTT assays. Most of these triazole derivatives have good anticancer activity. Among them, compound 35 showed the highest potency against all five cancer cell lines tested, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.59 to 2.90 μM, which is significantly more active than the drug etoposide currently in clinical use. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that the acyl substitution on the glucose residue, the length of oligoethylene glycol linker, and the 4'-demethylation of podophyllotoxin scaffold can significantly affect the potency of the anticancer activity. Most notably, derivatives with a perbutyrylated glucose residue show much higher activity than their counterparts with either a free glucose or a peracetylated glucose residue.
![[1–9-NαC]-linusorb B2 and [...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1756-4646/small "[1–9-NαC]-linusorb B2 and [1–9-NαC]-linusorb B3 isolated from flaxseed induce G1 cell cycle arrest on SGC-7901 cells by modulating the AKT/JNK signaling pathway")
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