The rotation curve (RC) of the Milky Way out to ~100 kpc has been constructed using ~16,000 primary red clump giants (PRCGs) in the outer disc selected from the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the ...Galactic Anti-centre (LSS-GAC) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-III/APOGEE survey, combined with ~5700 halo K giants (HKGs) selected from the SDSS/SEGUE survey. To derive the RC, the PRCG sample of the warm disc population and the HKG sample of halo stellar population are, respectively, analysed using a kinematical model allowing for the asymmetric drift corrections and re-analysed using the spherical Jeans equation along with measurements of the anisotropic parameter beta currently available. The typical uncertainties of RC derived from the PRCG and HKG samples are, respectively, 5-7 km s super( -1) and several tens km s super( -1). We determine a circular velocity at the solar position, ... and an azimuthal peculiar speed of the Sun, ..., both in good agreement with the previous determinations. The newly constructed RC has a generally flat value of 240 km s super( -1) within a Galactocentric distance rof 25 kpc and then decreases steadily to 150 km s super( -1) at r ~ 100 kpc. On top of this overall trend, the RC exhibits two prominent localized dips, one at r ~ 11 kpc and another at r ~ 19 kpc. From the newly constructed RC, combined with other constraints, we have built a parametrized mass model for the Galaxy, yielding a virial mass of the Milky Way's dark matter halo of ... and a local dark matter density, ... (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Previous studies of geometric and morphologic parameters of intracranial aneurysms have been conducted to determine rupture risk, which remains incompletely defined due to patient-specific risk ...factors, such as sex, hypertension, and age. To this end, we compared characteristics of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in the same patients with symmetric bilateral intracranial aneurysms.
Between January 2008 and March 2014, 2361 patients with 2674 aneurysms were diagnosed by CT angiography or surgical findings at 4 medical centers. Geometric and morphologic parameters examined for symmetric bilateral intracranial aneurysms comprised aneurysm wall regularity, size, neck width, aspect ratio, size ratio, neck-to-parent artery ratio, and area ratio. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for rupture.
Sixty-three patients (48 women, 15 men; mean age, 62.5 ± 9.8 years) with symmetric bilateral aneurysms were eligible for the study and were included. The most frequent aneurysm location was the posterior communicating artery. Univariate analysis disclosed that aneurysm size, aspect ratio, size ratio, area ratio, and irregular wall differed between patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Multivariate analysis indicated that aspect ratio of ≥1.6 (adjusted OR, 9.521; 95% CI, 2.182-41.535), area ratio of ≥1.5 (adjusted OR, 4.089; 95% CI, 1.247-13.406), and irregular shape (adjusted OR, 10.443; 95% CI 3.394-32.135) were significant predictive factors for aneurysm rupture after adjustment for aneurysm size.
An aspect ratio of ≥1.6, area ratio of ≥1.5, and irregular wall are associated with aneurysm rupture independent of aneurysm size and patient characteristics. These characteristics alone can help in distinguishing ruptured bilateral intracranial aneurysms from unruptured ones.
Abstract
We present the second release of value-added catalogues of the LAMOST Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (LSS-GAC DR2). The catalogues present values of radial velocity Vr, ...atmospheric parameters – effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, metallicity Fe/H, α-element to iron (metal) abundance ratio α/Fe (α/M), elemental abundances C/H and N/H and absolute magnitudes MV and $M_{K_{\rm s}}$ deduced from 1.8 million spectra of 1.4 million unique stars targeted by the LSS-GAC since 2011 September until 2014 June. The catalogues also give values of interstellar reddening, distance and orbital parameters determined with a variety of techniques, as well as proper motions and multiband photometry from the far-UV to the mid-IR collected from the literature and various surveys. Accuracies of radial velocities reach 5 km s−1 for the late-type stars, and those of distance estimates range between 10 and 30 per cent, depending on the spectral signal-to-noise ratios. Precisions of Fe/H, C/H and N/H estimates reach 0.1 dex, and those of α/Fe and α/M reach 0.05 dex. The large number of stars, the contiguous sky coverage, the simple yet non-trivial target selection function and the robust estimates of stellar radial velocities and atmospheric parameters, distances and elemental abundances make the catalogues a valuable data set to study the structure and evolution of the Galaxy, especially the solar-neighbourhood and the outer disc.
The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This ...work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2
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years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.
We report the first results of a light weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) search from the CDEX-10 experiment with a 10 kg germanium detector array immersed in liquid nitrogen at the China ...Jinping Underground Laboratory with a physics data size of 102.8 kg day. At an analysis threshold of 160 eVee, improved limits of 8×10^{-42} and 3×10^{-36} cm^{2} at a 90% confidence level on spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections, respectively, at a WIMP mass (m_{χ}) of 5 GeV/c^{2} are achieved. The lower reach of m_{χ} is extended to 2 GeV/c^{2}.
. Huang C‐N, Huang S‐P, Pao J‐B, Hour T‐C, Chang T‐Y, Lan Y‐H, Lu T‐L, Lee H‐Z, Juang S‐H, Wu P‐P, Huang C‐Y, Hsieh C‐J, Bao B‐Y (Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung Medical ...University, Kaohsiung; Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; China Medical University, Taichung; National Taiwan University Hospital; Oriental Institute of Technology; National Taiwan University, Taipei; China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan). Genetic polymorphisms in oestrogen receptor‐binding sites affect clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 499–509.
Background. Accumulating evidence indicates that oestrogens have significant direct effects on normal prostate development and carcinogenesis. The majority of the biological activities of oestrogens are mediated through the oestrogen receptor (ER), which functions as a hormone‐inducible transcription factor to regulate target gene expression by binding to oestrogen response elements (EREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes. Sequence variants in EREs might affect the ER–ERE interaction and subsequent physiological activities. Therefore, we tested whether common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside EREs are related to the clinical outcomes of androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer.
Methods. We systematically evaluated 49 ERE SNPs predicted using a genome‐wide database in a cohort of 601 men with advanced prostate cancer treated with ADT. The prognostic significance of these SNPs on disease progression, prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and all‐cause mortality (ACM) after ADT was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and a Cox regression model.
Results. Based on multiple hypothesis testing, BNC2 rs16934641 was found to be associated with disease progression; in addition, TACC2 rs3763763 was associated with PCSM, and ALPK1 rs2051778 and TACC2 rs3763763 were associated with ACM. These SNPs remained significant in multivariate analyses that included known clinicopathological predictors. Moreover, a combined genotype effect on ACM was observed when ALPK1 rs2051778 and TACC2 rs3763763 were analysed in combination. Patients with a greater number of unfavourable genotypes had a shorter time to ACM during ADT (P for trend <0.001).
Conclusion. The incorporation of ERE SNPs into models with known predictors might improve outcome prediction in patients with prostate cancer receiving ADT.
We investigated molecular mechanisms responsible for azole resistance in Candida tropicalis isolates.
We studied 507 C. tropicalis isolates causing invasive candidiasis from ten hospitals over ...5 years. Antifungal susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution methods. Point mutations in the C. tropicalis ERG11 gene that may confer azole resistance were explored and verified. The expression levels of ERG11, CYTb, MDR1 and CDR1 genes were compared in 20 fluconazole-susceptible and 20 fluconazole-resistant isolates.
Fluconazole-susceptible, -susceptible dose-dependent and -resistant strains accounted for 76.7% (389/507), 10.5% (53/507) and 12.8% (65/507) of C. tropicalis isolates, respectively. The ERG11 mutation A395T/W occurred in 10.7% (54/507) of isolates, all of which were resistant to fluconazole. The nucleotide mutation C461T/Y was the second most common (50/507 isolates, 9.9%), and all isolates carrying C461T/Y also had the mutation A395T/W. However, the presence of C461T did not contribute to the azole-resistant phenotype. Substitutions V125A, Y257H and G464S (<2% of isolates), which were reported for the first time in C. tropicalis, also conferred fluconazole non-susceptible phenotypes. Compared with fluconazole susceptible isolates, fluconazole-resistant isolates had higher ERG11 (fold expression level 1.42 versus 0.79, p < 0.01) but lower CYTb (fold expression level 1.26 versus 2.67, p < 0.01) gene expression levels. Three azole-resistant isolates carrying the wild-type ERG11 gene had higher levels of CDR1 and MDR1 expression.
ERG11 missense mutations were the major mechanism responsible for azole resistance in C. tropicalis isolates, but overexpression of ERG11, CDR1 and MDR1, as well as reduced expression of CYTb, also contributed to resistance.
A high strength Mg-1.4Gd-1.2Y-0.4Zn (at%) alloy sheet was successfully prepared by the combination of extrusion and corresponding heat treatments. The microstructure, texture and mechanical ...properties were systematically investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the as-extruded alloy is composed of finer recrystallized grains with random orientation, elongated grains, and 14H-LPSO structures which are parallel to the extrusion direction, possessing a modified texture. For the as-aged alloy, the metastable β′ phases dispersively distribute within the grains. The as-extruded alloy already shows high tensile mechanical properties. After aging treatment, the tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to failure reach 395 MPa, 461 MPa, and 6.0%, respectively. The solution treatment and extrusion, which give rise to the dissolution of eutectic phases, the grain refinement and the accumulation of dislocations, contribute mainly to the strength of the as-extruded alloy. Aging treatment further strengthens the alloy by precipitating the metaphase β′ at the expense of the rare earth element dissolving into the matrix.
Summary
Background
Tinea capitis is still common in developing countries, such as China. Its pathogen spectrum varies across regions and changes over time.
Objectives
This study aimed to clarify the ...current epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in China.
Methods
A multicentre, prospective descriptive study involving 29 tertiary hospitals in China was conducted. From August 2019 to July 2020, 611 patients with tinea capitis were enrolled. Data concerning demography, risk factors and fungal tests were collected. When necessary, the pathogens were further identified by morphology or molecular sequencing in the central laboratory.
Results
Among all enrolled patients, 74·1% of the cases were in patients aged 2–8 years. The children with tinea capitis were mainly boys (56·2%) and were more likely than adults to have a history of animal contact (57·4% vs. 35·3%, P = 0·012) and zoophilic dermatophyte infection (73·5% vs. 47%). The adults were mainly female (83%) and were more likely than children to have anthropophilic agent infection (53% vs. 23·9%). The most common pathogen was zoophilic Microsporum canis (354, 65·2%), followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton violaceum (74, 13·6%). In contrast to the eastern, western and northeastern regions, where zoophilic M. canis predominated, anthropophilic T. violaceum predominated in central China (69%, P < 0·001), where the patients had the most tinea at other sites (20%) and dermatophytosis contact (26%) but the least animal contact (39%). Microsporum ferrugineum was the most common anthropophilic agent in the western area, especially in Xinjiang province.
Conclusions
Boys aged approximately 5 years were the most commonly affected group. Dermatologists are advised to pay more attention to the different transmission routes and pathogen spectra in different age groups from different regions.
What is already known about this topic?
Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp and hair caused by dermatophytes and is still common in developing countries. Prepubertal children are mainly affected.
The pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis varies across different geographical areas and changes over time.
Nationwide prospective epidemiological surveys of tinea capitis in China are rare and out of date.
What does this study add?
This study provides data concerning the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in contemporary China.
Boys aged approximately 5 years were most commonly affected and were more likely than adults to have zoophilic dermatophyte infection.
The main pathogens of tinea capitis in China are zoophilic dermatophytes, mainly Microsporum canis. In contrast to the other regions, the predominant pathogens in central China are anthropophilic dermatophytes.
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