Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are a core energy storage device that can meet the need for scalable and affordable stationary applications because they use low‐cost and earth‐abundant potassium. In ...addition, KIB shares a similar storage mechanism with current Li‐ion batteries. As the key to optimizing a battery's performance, the development of high‐performance electrode materials helps to increase the feasibility of KIB technology. In this sense, phosphorus‐based materials (i.e., phosphorus and metal phosphide) with high theoretical capacity and low redox potential tick all the right boxes as a material of choice. A rapid glimpse at recent studies on phosphorus‐based anode materials for advanced KIBs is provided, covering the synthetic methods, reaction mechanisms, electrochemical properties, and performances. In addition, several promising strategies are highlighted to address the imminent challenges faced by phosphorus‐based anode materials, hoping to cast an insightful outlook for possible future direction in this field.
Phosphorus‐based materials have shown great potential as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) with high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. Early results on phosphorus‐based anode materials for advanced KIBs are summarized. The approaches to solve the huge volume change and poor electronic conductivity of these phosphorus‐based anodes in KIBs are discussed. Finally, possible further research directions are proposed.
•Provide a 50th anniversary bibliometric review of the bottleneck model research;.•Identify influential papers, top contributing authors and leading topics;.•Review the studies in terms of travel ...behavior, demand-side and supply-side strategies;.•Discuss potential directions for further studies.
The bottleneck model introduced by Vickrey in 1969 has been recognized as a benchmark representation of the peak-period traffic congestion due to its ability to capture the essence of congestion dynamics in a simple and tractable way. This paper aims to provide a 50th anniversary review of the bottleneck model research since its inception. A bibliometric analysis approach is adopted for identifying the distribution of all journal publications, influential papers, top contributing authors, and leading topics in the past half century. The literature is classified according to recurring themes into travel behavior analysis, demand-side strategies, supply-side strategies, and joint strategies of demand and supply sides. For each theme, typical extended models developed to date are surveyed. Some potential directions for further studies are discussed.
The solar‐driven CO2 reduction is a challenge in the field of “artificial photosynthesis”, as most catalysts display low activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction in water‐containing reaction ...systems as a result of competitive proton reduction. Herein, we report a dinuclear heterometallic complex, CoZn(OH)L1(ClO4)3 (CoZn), which shows extremely high photocatalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction in water/acetonitrile solution. It achieves a selectivity of 98 % for CO2‐to‐CO conversion, with TON and TOF values of 65000 and 1.8 s−1, respectively, 4, 19, and 45‐fold higher than the values of corresponding dinuclear homometallic CoCo(OH)L1(ClO4)3 (CoCo), ZnZn(OH)L1(ClO4)3 (ZnZn), and mononuclear CoL2(CH3CN)(ClO4)2 (Co), respectively, under the same conditions. The increased photocatalytic performance of CoZn is due to the enhanced dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) effect between ZnII and CoII, which dramatically lowers the activation barriers of both transition states of CO2 reduction.
In sync with zinc: A dinuclear heterometallic CoZn catalyst shows much higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding dinuclear homometallic CoCo and ZnZn catalysts, or the mononuclear Co and Zn catalysts for CO2 reduction under the same conditions. The high performance of the CoZn catalyst is due to the enhanced dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) effect between ZnII and CoII.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are efficient Lewis basic catalysts for the umpolung of various polarized unsaturated compounds usually including aldehydes, imines, acyl chlorides and activated ...esters. NHC catalysis involving electron pair transfer steps has been extensively studied; however, NHC catalysis through single-electron transfer (SET) processes, despite having the potential to achieve chemical transformations of inert chemical bonds and using green reagents, has long been a challenging task in organic synthesis. In parallel, visible-light-induced photocatalysis and photoexcitation have been established as powerful tools to facilitate sustainable organic synthesis, as they enable the generation of various reactive radical intermediates under extremely mild conditions. Recently, a number of elegant visible-light-induced, NHC-catalyzed transformations were developed for accessing valuable organic compounds. As a result, this minireview will highlight the recent advances in this field.
This minireview summarized the recent advances on the photoinduced, NHC-catalyzed organic reactions according to the function of visible light.
The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast carcinogenesis and endocrine therapy resistance remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that circPVT1, a circular ...RNA generated from the lncRNA PVT1, is highly expressed in ERα‐positive breast cancer cell lines and tumor samples and is functionally important in promoting ERα‐positive breast tumorigenesis and endocrine therapy resistance. CircPVT1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR‐181a‐2‐3p, promoting the expression of ESR1 and downstream ERα‐target genes and breast cancer cell growth. Furthermore, circPVT1 directly interacts with MAVS protein to disrupt the RIGI–MAVS complex formation, inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway and anti‐tumor immunity. Anti‐sense oligonucleotide (ASO)‐targeting circPVT1 inhibits ERα‐positive breast cancer cell and tumor growth, re‐sensitizing tamoxifen‐resistant ERα‐positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrated that circPVT1 can work through both ceRNA and protein scaffolding mechanisms to promote cancer. Thus, circPVT1 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ERα‐positive breast cancer in the clinic.
Synopsis
Estrogen receptor (ER)α, encoded by ESR1, promotes mammary malignancies and is targeted in cancer therapy; however, resistance arises frequently. This study reports a novel circRNA, termed circPVT1, with dual mechanisms to enhance ER‐positive breast tumorigenesis, suggesting therapeutic opportunities.
CircPVT1 is highly expressed in ERα‐positive breast tumor patients.
CircPVT1 sponges miR‐181a‐2‐3p to stabilize ESR1 mRNA, activating the expression of estrogen/ERα‐target genes.
CircPVT1 interacts with MAVS protein to disrupt RIGI–MAVS complex formation, repressing the expression of type I IFN and interferon‐stimulated genes.
ASO‐targeting circPVT1 suppresses ERα‐positive breast cancer cell and tumor growth.
Circular RNA circPVT1 has dual function in aggravating ER+ mammary gland malignancies.
Abstract
The fulfillment of a high quantum efficiency for photocatalytic CO
2
reduction presents a key challenge, which can be overcome by developing strategies for dynamic attachment between ...photosensitizer and catalyst. In this context, we exploit the use of coordinate bond to connect a pyridine-appended iridium photosensitizer and molecular catalysts for CO
2
reduction, which is systematically demonstrated by
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance titration, theoretical calculations, and spectroscopic measurements. The mechanistic investigations reveal that the coordinative interaction between the photosensitizer and an unmodified cobalt phthalocyanine significantly accelerates the electron transfer and thus realizes a remarkable quantum efficiency of 10.2% ± 0.5% at 450 nm for photocatalytic CO
2
-to-CO conversion with a turn-over number of 391 ± 7 and nearly complete selectivity, over 4 times higher than a comparative system with no additional interaction (2.4%±0.2%). Moreover, the decoration of electron-donating amino groups on cobalt phthalocyanine can optimize the quantum efficiency up to 27.9% ± 0.8% at 425 nm, which is more attributable to the enhanced coordinative interaction rather than the intrinsic activity. The control experiments demonstrate that the dynamic feature of coordinative interaction is important to prevent the coordination occupancy of labile sites, also enabling the wide applicability on diverse non-noble-metal catalysts.
Aims and Objectives
To determine whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between Symptom Clusters (SC) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).
Background
The QOL in ...patients with MG can be affected not only by the SC but the self‐efficacy in previous studies, while the latter may also be contributed by the former. However, it is still unclear whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG.
Design
A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in patients with MG who were recruited from our institution from October 2021 to March 2022, which was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.
Methods
The hypothetical model was tested and all the effects of SC and self‐efficacy on QOL were estimated based on structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis after conducting a confirmatory factor analysis of the scales in a separate cohort.
Results
Three scales for symptoms (four summated items), self‐efficacy (four plus one parcelled item) and MG‐QOL (three summated items) were validated according to the confirmatory factor analysis in 72 patients. An SEM analysis of another 310 participants revealed that SC exerted significant direct effects on QOL and self‐efficacy, with values of .585 and −.293, respectively, and self‐efficacy also had a significant effect on QOL (−.141). The indirect effect of SC on QOL via self‐efficacy was .041, accounting for 6.6% of the overall effect. Male and female patients did not differ in the direct and indirect effects of symptoms on QOL.
Conclusions
This study suggests that, although self‐efficacy partially mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG, worsening of symptoms remains the leading contributor to the decreased QOL.
Relevance to Clinical Practice
These results may provide a potential clue for doctors, nurses, and other caregivers to optimise treatment strategies for targeted patients with MG.
Patient or Public Contribution
Involved in developing and answering research questions, management and conduct.
A dinuclear cobalt complex Co2(OH)L1(ClO4)3 (1, L1=N(CH2)2NHCH2(m‐C6H4)CH2NH(CH2)23N) displays high selectivity and efficiency for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in CH3CN/H2O (v/v=4:1) ...under a 450 nm LED light irradiation, with a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2. The selectivity reaches as high as 98 %, and the turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) reach as high as 16896 and 0.47 s−1, respectively, with the calculated quantum yield of 0.04 %. Such high activity can be attributed to the synergistic catalysis effect between two CoII ions within 1, which is strongly supported by the results of control experiments and DFT calculations.
CoCo catalysts: A dinuclear cobalt cryptate displays high selectivity and efficiency for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in CH3CN/H2O solution under a 450 nm LED light irradiation, at a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2. The high catalytic efficiency originates from the synergistic catalysis effect between two CoII ions within the catalyst.
Tensors (hypermatrices) are multidimensional analogs of matrices. The tensor complementarity problem is a class of nonlinear complementarity problems with the involved function being defined by a ...tensor, which is also a direct and natural extension of the linear complementarity problem. In the last few years, the tensor complementarity problem has attracted a lot of attention, and has been studied extensively, from theory to solution methods and applications. This work, with its three parts, aims at contributing to review the state-of-the-art of studies for the tensor complementarity problem and related models. In this part, we describe the theoretical developments for the tensor complementarity problem and related models, including the nonemptiness and compactness of the solution set, global uniqueness and solvability, error bound theory, stability and continuity analysis, and so on. The developments of solution methods and applications for the tensor complementarity problem are given in the second part and the third part, respectively. Some further issues are proposed in all the parts.
The financial risk evaluation of new energy vehicle (NEV) industry is conducive to the popularization of NEVs, to encourage more investment into the NEV industry, and to promote the improvement of ...the risk control system. When evaluating the performance of NEV industry in China, it is usually full of uncertainty and dynamic. q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) has the characteristics of non-membership and membership with adjustable parameterization q, which is a very effective mathematical model to capture uncertainty. In this paper, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) distance measure based triangle orthocenter is given. Then, q-ROF score function (SF) based distance measure is proposed for disposing of comparison issue. Moreover, we present nonlinear comprehensive weighting method by integrating subjective weight information and objective weight information (determining by water-filling theory). In order to solve the counter-intuitive phenomena and dynamic trend issue, the dynamic q-ROF aggregation operators are investigated and their properties are proved. Whereafter, q-ROF multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach based projection ranking by similarity to referencing vector (PRSRV) is proposed for evaluating financial risk of NEV industry, along with the sensitivity analysis. Finally, a comparison with some existing MCDM methods states that the presented method has strong data adaptability.
•Distance measure and similarity measure based triangle orthocenter are developed.•New q-ROF score function based distance measure is introduced.•Novel dynamic q-ROF aggregation operators is proposed.•New combined determining weight model is constructed.•The developed PRSRV method holds application prospect in financial risk assessment of NEV industry.
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