Background
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 10 (ADAMTS10) plays a role in extracellular matrix and correlates with Weill–Marchesani syndrome. However, its role in ...gastric cancer remains unknown. Thus, we started this research to unveil the role of ADAMTS10 in gastric cancer (GC).
Methods
The expression of ADAMTS10 in GC was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of ADAMTS10 inhibiting GC cell progression were conducted by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to discover changing of cell cycle, apoptosis and ROS by ADAMTS10 in GC cell. Western blot was applied to identify targets of ADAMTS10. Western blot, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were applied to discover the effect of ADAMT10 on THP1.
Results
ADAMTS10 expression was downregulated in GC tissue and patients with low ADAMTS10 levels had poorer overall survival. ADAMTS10 overexpression altered cell cycle, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. ADAMTS10 regulated TXNIP and ROS through the JAK/STAT/c-MYC pathway. Decreasing TXNIP and ROS reversed the inhibitory effect of ADAMTS10 on cell migration and invasion in vitro. ADAMTS10 secreted by GC cells was absorbed by THP1 and regulated TXNIP and ROS in THP1. ADAMTS10 secreted by GC cells inhibited macrophage M2 polarization.
Conclusions
These results suggest that ADAMTS10 targets TXNIP and ROS via the JAK/STAT/c-MYC pathway and that may play important roles in GC progression and macrophage polarization which indicates that ADAMTS10 can be a potential survival marker for gastric cancer.
Two-dimensional auxetic materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in medicine, tougher composites, defense, and so on. However, they are scare especially at ...low dimension, as auxetic materials are mainly realized in engineered materials and structures. Here, using first-principles calculations, we identify a compelling two-dimensional auxetic material, single-layer Ag2S, which possesses large negative Poisson’s ratios in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, but anisotropic ultralow Young’s modulus. Such a coexistence of simultaneous negative Poisson’s ratios in two directions is extremely rare, which is mainly originated from its particular zigzag-shaped buckling structure. In addition, contrary to the previously known metal-shrouded single-layer M2X (M = metal, X = nonmetal), single-layer Ag2S is the first nonmetal-shrouded M2X. Electronic calculations show that it is an indirect-gap semiconductor with gap value of 2.83 eV, and it can be turned to be direct with strain. These intriguing properties make single-layer Ag2S a promising auxetic material in electronics and mechanics.
Identifying suitable electrodes materials with desirable electrochemical properties is urgently needed for the next generation of renewable energy technologies. Here we report an ideal candidate ...material, Mo2C monolayer, with not only required large capacity but also high stability and mobility by means of first-principles calculations. After ensuring its dynamical and thermal stabilities, various low energy Li and Na adsorption sites are identified, and the electric conductivity of the host material is also maintained. The calculated minor diffusion barriers imply a high mobility and cycling ability of Mo2C. In addition, the Li-adsorbed Mo2C monolayer possesses a high theoretical capacity of 526 mAh·g–1 and a low average electrode potential of 0.14 eV. Besides, we find that the relatively low capability of Na-adsorbed Mo2C (132 mAh·g–1) arises from the proposed competition mechanism. These results highlight the promise of Mo2C monolayer as an appealing anode material for both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
Two-dimensional valleytronic systems can provide information storage and processing advantages that complement or surpass those of conventional charge- and spin-based semiconductor technologies. The ...major challenge currently is to realize valley polarization for manipulating the valley degree of freedom. Here, we propose that valley polarization can be readily achieved in Janus single-layer MoSSe through magnetic doping, which is highly feasible in experiment. Due to inversion symmetry breaking combined with strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), the pure single-layer MoSSe harbors an intriguing multivalleyed band structure and strong coupled spin and valley physics. After doping Cr/V, the long-sought valley polarization is successfully achieved with a remarkable energy difference of ∼0.06 eV upon switching on SOC. Furthermore, the valley polarization in Cr/V-doped single-layer MoSSe is tunable via strain engineering. Our work thus provides a promising platform for experimental studies and applications of the valleytronics.
Exploring two-dimensional valleytronic crystals with large valley-polarized state is of considerable importance due to the promising applications in next-generation information related devices. Here, ...we show first-principles evidence that single-layer NbX
2
(X = S, Se) is potentially the long-sought two-dimensional valleytronic crystal. Specifically, the valley-polarized state is found to occur spontaneously in single-layer NbX
2
, without needing any external tuning, which arises from their intrinsic magnetic exchange interaction and inversion asymmetry. Moreover, the strong spin-orbit coupling strength within Nb-d orbitals renders their valley-polarized states being of remarkably large (NbS
2
∼ 156 meV/NbSe
2
∼ 219 meV), enabling practical utilization of their valley physics accessible. In additional, it is predicted that the valley physics (i.e., anomalous valley Hall effect) in single-layer NbX
2
is switchable via applying moderate strain. These findings make single-layer NbX
2
tantalizing candidates for realizing high-performance and controllable valleytronic devices.
Guanine-rich DNA sequences occur throughout the human genome and can transiently form G-quadruplex (G4) structures that may obstruct DNA replication, leading to genomic instability. Here, we apply ...multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) coupled with robust data-mining algorithms to quantitatively visualize replication fork (RF)-coupled formation and spatial-association of endogenous G4s. Using this data, we investigate the effects of G4s on replisome dynamics and organization. We show that a small fraction of active replication forks spontaneously form G4s at newly unwound DNA immediately behind the MCM helicase and before nascent DNA synthesis. These G4s locally perturb replisome dynamics and organization by reducing DNA synthesis and limiting the binding of the single-strand DNA-binding protein RPA. We find that the resolution of RF-coupled G4s is mediated by an interplay between RPA and the FANCJ helicase. FANCJ deficiency leads to G4 accumulation, DNA damage at G4-associated replication forks, and silencing of the RPA-mediated replication stress response. Our study provides first-hand evidence of the intrinsic, RF-coupled formation of G4 structures, offering unique mechanistic insights into the interference and regulation of stable G4s at replication forks and their effect on RPA-associated fork signaling and genomic instability.
Oxygen vacancies in crystal have important impacts on the electronic properties of ZnO. With ZnO2 as precursors, we introduce a high concentration of oxygen vacancies into ZnO successfully. The ...obtained ZnO exhibits a yellow color, and the absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength. Raman and XPS spectra reveal that the concentration of oxygen vacancies in the ZnO decreased when the samples are annealed at higher temperature in air. It is consistent with the theory calculation. The increasing of oxygen vacancies results in a narrowing bandgap and increases the visible light absorption of the ZnO. The narrowing bandgap can be confirmed by the enhancement of the photocurrent response when the ZnO was irradiated with visible light. The ZnO with oxygen vacancies are found to be efficient for photodecomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenol under visible light irradiation.
Among diverse wetting phenomena in surface science, superamphiphobicity is regarded as one of the most special super‐antiwetting states. In this paper, a systematic summary is presented to cover the ...characterization of surface wettability, the construction techniques, and selected functional applications. With respect to fabrication techniques, the following three types of technology routes, viz., “pre‐texturing + post‐modifying,” “pre‐modifying + post‐texturing,” and in situ one‐step construction will be discussed. The merits and demerits of each technology route are discussed. It is vital to rationally design or adopt appropriate construction strategies in diverse conditions. Appropriately constructed superamphiphobic multifunctional surfaces can be applied in many fields, however, most have not been scaled‐up and utilized for practical applications due to some specific difficulties required to be resolved in the future. These challenges and further outlook for super‐antiwetting surfaces are discussed in this review.
Inspired by nature, a detailed account of the innovative fabrication and further fundamental research of superamphiphobicity is summarized with highlight on the recent progress and on comparison. Subsequently, the new functions that the superamphiphobic surfaces have brought about are reviewed, which involve droplets manipulation, antifouling, patterning, fluid carrier device, and so on.
The deubiquitinase USP1 is a critical regulator of genome integrity through the deubiquitylation of Fanconi Anemia proteins and the DNA replication processivity factor, proliferating cell nuclear ...antigen (PCNA). Uniquely, following UV irradiation, USP1 self-inactivates through autocleavage, which enables its own degradation and in turn, upregulates PCNA monoubiquitylation. However, the functional role for this autocleavage event during physiological conditions remains elusive. Herein, we discover that cells harboring an autocleavage-defective USP1 mutant, while still able to robustly deubiquitylate PCNA, experience more replication fork-stalling and premature fork termination events. Using super-resolution microscopy and live-cell single-molecule tracking, we show that these defects are related to the inability of this USP1 mutant to be properly recycled from sites of active DNA synthesis, resulting in replication-associated lesions. Furthermore, we find that the removal of USP1 molecules from DNA is facilitated by the DNA-dependent metalloprotease Spartan to counteract the cytotoxicity caused by "USP1-trapping". We propose a utility of USP1 inhibitors in cancer therapy based on their ability to induce USP1-trapping lesions and consequent replication stress and genomic instability in cancer cells, similar to how non-covalent DNA-protein crosslinks cause cytotoxicity by imposing steric hindrances upon proteins involved in DNA transactions.
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