Damage caused by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is much more severe on indica/xian rice than on japonica/geng rice (Oryza sativa) which ...matches pest outbreak data in cropping regions of China. The mechanistic basis of this difference among rice subspecies remains unclear. Using transcriptomic, metabolomic and genetic analyses in combination with insect bioassay experiments, we showed that japonica and indica rice utilise different defence responses to repel SSB, and that SSB exploited plant nutrition deficiencies in different ways in the subspecies. The more resistant japonica rice induced patterns of accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA—part of a defensive pathway) and vitamin B1 (VB1—a nutrition pathway) distinct from indica cultivars. Using gene‐edited rice plants and SSB bioassays, we found that MeJA and VB1 jointly affected the performance of SSB by disrupting juvenile hormone levels. In addition, genetic variants of key biosynthesis genes in the MeJA and VB1 pathways (OsJMT and OsTH1, respectively) differed between japonica and indica rice and contributed to performance differences; in indica rice, SSB avoided the MeJA defence pathway and hijacked the VB1 nutrition‐related pathway to promote development. The findings highlight important genetic and mechanistic differences between rice subspecies affecting SSB damage which could be exploited in plant breeding for resistance.
Summary Statement
This manuscript demonstrates that striped stem borer (SSB) avoided one defence pathway and hijacked another nutrition‐related pathway to promote development. The findings highlight important genetic and mechanistic differences between rice subspecies affecting SSB damage which could be exploited in plant breeding for resistance.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a common and significant tool for aiding in the diagnosis of epilepsy and studying the human brain electrical activity. Previously, the traditional machine learning ...(ML)-based classifier are used to identify the seizure by extracting features from the EEG signals manually. Although the effectiveness of these contributions have already been proved, they cannot achieve multiple class classification with automatic feature extraction. Meanwhile, the identifiable EEG segment is too long to limit the capability of real-time epileptic seizure detection. In this paper, a novel deep convolutional long short-term memory (C-LSTM) model is proposed for detecting seizure and tumor in human brain and identifying two eyes statuses (open and close). It achieves to predict a result in every 0.006 seconds with a short detection duration (one second). By comparing with other two types deep learning approaches (DCNN and LSTM), the presented deep C-LSTM obtains the best performance for classifying these five classes. All of the obtained total accuracy are over 98.80%.
Natural products have attracted great interest in the development of tissue engineering. Recent studies have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids found in natural plant seed oil may exhibit ...positive osteogenic effects; however, few in vivo studies have focused on the use of plant seed oil for bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of seed oil found in Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone growth in artificial bone defects in vivo. In this study, Wharton-jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) were co-cultured with S. mukorossi seed oil. Cellular osteogenic capacity was assessed using Alizarin Red S staining. Real-time PCR was carried out to evaluate ALP and OCN gene expression. The potential of S. mukorossi seed oil to enhance bone growth was assessed using an animal model. Four 6 mm circular defects were prepared at the parietal bone of New Zealand white rabbits. The defects were filled with hydrogel and hydrogel-S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively. Quantitative analysis of micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological images was conducted to compare differences in osteogenesis between oil-treated and untreated samples. Although our results showed no significant differences in viability between WJMSCs treated with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, under osteogenic conditions, S. mukorossi seed oil facilitated an increase in mineralized nodule secretion and upregulated the expression of ALP and OCN genes in the cells (p < 0.05). In the animal study, both micro-CT and histological evaluations revealed that new bone formation in artificial bone defects treated with S. mukorossi seed oil were nearly doubled compared to control defects (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks of healing. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to suggest that S. mukorossi seed oil holds promise as a potential candidate for enhancing bone healing efficiency in bone tissue engineering.
In this article, a new low‐profile broadband circularly polarized antenna with a single‐layer metasurface is designed. The metasurface is composed of 4 × 4 rotated rectangle‐loops. Compared to single ...rotated rectangle, introducing inner‐cut rectangle slot can increase the design flexibilities by changing this slot size for wider circularly polarized operating bandwidth and reduce the size of the antenna in same frequency. The proposed antenna has the advantages of a wide 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth from 5.4 to 6.05 GHz and an excellent 10‐dB impedance bandwidth from 5 to 6.05 GHz.
Four trials were conducted to establish a protein and amino acid requirement model for layer chicks over 0-6 weeks by using the analytical factorization method. In trial 1, a total of 90 one-day-old ...Jing Tint 6 chicks with similar body weight were selected to determine the growth curve, carcass and feather protein deposition, and amino acid patterns of carcass and feather proteins. In trials 2 and 3, 24 seven-day-old and 24 thirty-five-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks were selected to determine the protein maintenance requirements, amino acid pattern, and net protein utilization rate. In trial 4, 24 ten-day-old and 24 thirty-eight-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks were selected to determine the standard terminal ileal digestibility of amino acids. The chicks were fed either a corn-soybean basal diet, a low nitrogen diet, or a nitrogen-free diet throughout the different trials. The Gompertz equation showed that there is a functional relationship between body weight and age, described as BWt(g) = 2669.317 × exp(-4.337 × exp(-0.019t)). Integration of the test results gave a comprehensive dynamic model equation that could accurately calculate the weekly protein and amino acid requirements of the layer chicks. By applying the model, it was found that the protein requirements for Jing Tint 6 chicks during the 6-week period were 21.15, 20.54, 18.26, 18.77, 17.79, and 16.51, respectively. The model-predicted amino acid requirements for Jing Tint 6 chicks during the 6-week period were as follows: Aspartic acid (0.992-1.284), Threonine (0.601-0.750), Serine (0.984-1.542), Glutamic acid (1.661-1.925), Glycine (0.992-1.227), Alanine (0.909-0.961), Valine (0.773-1.121), Cystine (0.843-1.347), Methionine (0.210-0.267), Isoleucine (0.590-0.715), Leucine (0.977-1.208), Tyrosine (0.362-0.504), Phenylalanine (0.584-0.786), Histidine (0.169-0.250), Lysine (0.3999-0.500), Arginine (0.824-1.147), Proline (1.114-1.684), and Tryptophan (0.063-0.098). In conclusion, this study constructed a dynamic model for the protein and amino acid requirements of Jing Tint 6 chicks during the brooding period, providing an important insight to improve precise feeding for layer chicks through this dynamic model calculation.
Heat stress induces multi-organ damage and serious physiological dysfunction in mammals, and gut bacteria may translocate to extra-intestinal tissues under heat stress pathology. However, whether gut ...bacteria translocate to the key metabolic organs and impair function as a result of heat stress remains unknown. Using a heat stress-induced mouse model, heat stress inhibited epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) expansion and induced lipid metabolic disorder but did not damage other organs, such as the heart, liver, spleen, or muscle. Microbial profiling analysis revealed that heat stress shifted the bacterial community in the cecum and eWAT but not in the inguinal white adipose tissue, blood, heart, liver, spleen, or muscle. Notably, gut-vascular barrier function was impaired, and the levels of some bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus, were higher in the eWAT, as confirmed by catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) staining when mice were under heat stress. Moreover, integrated multi-omics analysis showed that the eWAT microbiota was associated with host lipid metabolism, and the expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism in eWAT was upregulated under heat stress. A follow-up microbial supplementation study after introducing Lactobacillus plantarum to heat-stressed mice revealed that the probiotic ameliorated heat stress-induced loss of eWAT and dyslipidemia and reduced gut bacterial translocation to the eWAT by improving gut barrier function. Overall, our findings suggest that gut bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus spp., play a crucial role in heat stress-induced lipid metabolism disorder and that there is therapeutic potential for using probiotics, such as Lactobacillus plantarum.
Bridging neural network learning and symbolic reasoning is crucial for strong AI. Few pioneering studies have made some progress on logical reasoning tasks that require partitioned inputs of ...instances (e.g., sequential data), from which a final concept is formed based on the complex (perhaps logical) relationships between them. However, they cannot apply to low-level cognitive tasks that require unpartitioned inputs (e.g., raw images), such as object recognition and text classification. In this paper, we propose abductive subconcept learning (ASL) to bridge neural network learning and symbolic reasoning on unsegmented image classification tasks. ASL uses deep learning and abductive logical reasoning to jointly learn subconcept perception and secondary reasoning. Specifically, it first employs meta-interpretive learning (MIL) to induce first-order logical hypotheses capturing the relationships between the high-level subconcepts that account for the target concept. Then, it uses the groundings of the logical hypotheses as labels to train a deep learning model for identifying the subconcepts from unpartitioned data. ASL jointly trains the deep learning model and learns the MIL theory by minimizing the inconsistency between their grounded outputs. Experimental results show that ASL successfully integrates machine learning and logical reasoning with accurate and interpretable results in several object recognition tasks.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has received extensive attention from clinical and scientific researchers due to its high incidence and refractory nature. Searching for HCC prognostic markers and gene ...therapy targets are key research efforts. The FAM83 protein family has been reported to promote tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of tumors, and many of its members are closely related to HCC. Multiple public databases showed that FAM83G is highly expressed in HCC patients and is associated with poor prognosis, but there is currently no relevant research evidence to verify its exact role in HCC. Through clinical data analysis, we found that increased expression of FAM83G is associated with early HCC metastasis and a high recurrence rate and indicates a poor survival rate. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that FAM83G overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, while inhibiting its expression reversed the above results. Mechanistic analysis indicated that FAM83G overexpression was accompanied by over-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway signaling, a combined increase of Cyclin D1 protein and decrease of p21 protein, and increased expression of EMT-related signal, which was manifested in the decrease of E-cadherin and the increase of N-cadherin and snail. Finally, we found that FAM83G activated PI3K/AKT signaling by directly binding with the PI3K-p85 subunit to promote its phosphorylation. In conclusion, FAM83G, as a tumor-promoting factor, can predict the poor prognosis of HCC patients and can significantly promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells by stimulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and related downstream signals.
•FAM83G is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma cells and plays a carcinogenic role.•FAM83G activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and regulates EMT signaling and cyclin D1 and p21 proteins.•FAM83G activates PI3K/AKT signaling via protein-protein interaction with PI3K-p85.
Design of a compact wideband CP metasurface antenna Yuan, Liu; Yu‐Xuan, Huang; Zhan‐Wei, Liu ...
International journal of RF and microwave computer-aided engineering,
October 2020, 2020-10-00, 20201001, Volume:
30, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this article, a new compact metasurface circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented, where the rotating 45° periodic ellipse patch is used to achieve polarization conversion from linearly ...polarized to CP. The meta‐surface is composed of 4 × 4 ellipse patches with 45° rotation, which are etched on the top layer of upper substrate. A slot ground plane and a coplanar waveguide structure are printed on both sides of bottom substrate, and the bottom substrate is directly connected to the upper substrate, which can make the antenna profile lower. As demonstrated in this article, the presented antennas have good characteristics of excellent 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 17.4% (5.25‐6.25 GHz), and wide 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 20.6% (5.0‐6.15 GHz).
This research supplied a "cleaner-production" way to produce "clean-label" quinoa starch-based Pickering emulsifier with excellent emulsifying properties. The effects of dry ball-milling time and ...speed on the multi-scale structures and emulsifying properties of quinoa starch were studied. With increasing ball-milling time and speed, particle size first decreased and then increased, the crystallinity, lamellar structure and short-range ordered structure gradually decreased, and contact angle gradually increased. The increased contact angle might be related to the increased oil absorption properties and the decreased water content. The emulsification properties of ball-milled quinoa starch (BMQS)-based Pickering emulsions increased with the increase in ball-milling time and speed, and the emulsions of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 600 r reached the full emulsification state. After 120 days' storage, the oil droplets of BMQS-2 h (BMQS-400 r) deformed, the oil droplets increased, and the emulsification index decreased. The emulsification index and the oil droplets of BMQS-4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 600 r-based emulsions did not show obvious changes after storage, indicating the good emulsifying stability of these BMQS-based emulsions, which might be because that the relatively larger amount of starch particles that dispersed in the voids among the oil droplets could act as stronger network skeletons for the emulsion gel. This Pickering emulsifier was easily and highly efficiently produced and low-cost, having great potential to be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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