We present a mechanochemical procedure, with solvent-free, green-chemistry credentials, to grow all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite. The crystal structure of this perovskite and its correlations with ...the physicochemical properties have been studied. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) allowed us to follow the crystallographic behavior from 4 to 773 K. Unreported features like the observed negative thermal expansion of the b unit-cell parameter stem from octahedral distortions in the 4–100 K temperature range. The mechanochemical synthesis was designed to reduce the impact energy during the milling process, leading to a defect-free, well-crystallized sample characterized by a minimum unit-cell volume and octahedral tilting angles in the low-temperature orthorhombic perovskite framework, defined in the Pbnm space group. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows a reduced band gap of 2.22(3) eV, and the photocurrent characterization in a photodetector reveals excellent properties with potential applications of this material in optoelectronic devices.
Highlights ► Knockout of S1R in the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS significantly reduces longevity. ► MN of mice lacking S1R exhibit increased excitability. ► S1R acts as a brake on excitability, an ...effect that might enhance longevity in an ALS mouse model.
We calculate the entanglement entropy for a sphere and a massless scalar field in any dimensions. The reduced density matrix is expressed in terms of the infinitesimal generator of conformal ...transformations keeping the sphere fixed. The problem is mapped to the one of a thermal gas in a hyperbolic space and solved by the heat kernel approach. The coefficients of the logarithmic term in the entropy for 2 and 4 spacetime dimensions are in accordance with previous numerical and analytical results. In particular, the four-dimensional result, together with the one reported by Solodukhin, gives support to the Ryu–Takayanagi holographic ansatz. We also find that there is no logarithmic contribution to the entropy for odd spacetime dimensions.
A high percentage of patients diagnosed with localized colon cancer (CC) will relapse after curative treatment. Although pathological staging currently guides our treatment decisions, there are no ...biomarkers determining minimal residual disease (MRD) and patients are at risk of being undertreated or even overtreated with chemotherapy in this setting. Circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) can to be a useful tool to better detect risk of relapse.
One hundred and fifty patients diagnosed with localized CC were prospectively enrolled in our study. Tumor tissue from those patients was sequenced by a custom-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to characterize somatic mutations. A minimum variant allele frequency (VAF) of 5% was applied for variant filtering. Orthogonal droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) validation was carried out. We selected known variants with higher VAF to track ctDNA in the plasma samples by ddPCR.
NGS found known pathological mutations in 132 (88%) primary tumors. ddPCR showed high concordance with NGS (r-=-0.77) for VAF in primary tumors. Detection of ctDNA after surgery and in serial plasma samples during follow-up were associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) hazard ratio (HR), 17.56; log-rank P-=-0.0014 and HR, 11.33; log-rank P-=-0.0001, respectively. Tracking at least two variants in plasma increased the ability to identify MRD to 87.5%. ctDNA was the only significantly independent predictor of DFS in multivariable analysis. In patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, presence of ctDNA after therapy was associated with early relapse (HR 10.02; log-rank P-<-0.0001). Detection of ctDNA at follow-up preceded radiological recurrence with a median lead time of 11.5-months.
Plasma postoperative ctDNA detected MRD and identified patients at high risk of relapse in localized CC. Mutation tracking with more than one variant in serial plasma samples improved our accuracy in predicting MRD.
Summary
Current evidence of the impact of childhood obesity on human capital development does not point in a consistent direction, and its interpretation is challenging. We carried out a systematic ...review of studies from high‐income countries that used robust causal inference approaches to assess the impact of childhood overweight and obesity on outcomes typically linked to human capital development in economics. Global Health, Medline and EconLit were used to search for peer‐reviewed papers. Three reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Nineteen papers representing 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were categorized based on three components of human capital: cognitive performance (n = 18), measured through test scores; educational attainment (n = 3), through grade progression and college completion; and labour market outcomes (n = 1), through wages. We find that childhood overweight and obesity hinder education outcomes, with effects mostly observed at older ages of exposure measurement (12+ years). Girls with overweight and obesity experienced larger negative effects and more often than boys. Future research should elucidate the pathways through which childhood obesity impacts human capital development, to support policies that may mitigate those impacts, thus averting social costs that are currently widespread, increasing and unaccounted for.
CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxides with different CeO
2 content (1–12
wt%) were prepared by the impregnation method. The effects of CeO
2 content, calcination temperature and interaction between the components on ...the structure and reductive properties of CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxides were evaluated by using different techniques such as XRD, DRS, FTIR, Raman, XPS, TGA and TPR. Spectroscopic data showed that the tetragonal phase of zirconia is preserved in all CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxides, although they retain a high number of defect sites caused by a strong interaction between zirconia and cerium oxide species. An enrichment of the zirconia surface with a fluorite structure of CeO
2 is observed for the CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxide with the highest CeO
2 content (12
wt%). The samples subjected to consecutive reduction–oxidation cycles at different temperatures showed good redox properties related to the increase of oxygen mobility. It was concluded that these CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxide systems, displaying high surface and good thermal stability, are similar to chemically mixed oxides due to the strong interaction between the zirconia carrier and deposited ceria.
The effect of CeO
2 content, calcination temperature and interaction between components on the structure and redox properties of CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxides was evaluated. At the highest CeO
2 loading (12
wt%) and after high temperature treatment of 1073
K an enrichment of the zirconia surface with a fluorite structure of CeO
2 is observed in the figure. XRD of CeO
2, ZrO
2 and CeO
2–ZrO
2 oxides with different CeO
2 content after temperature treatment at 823 (A) and 1073
K (B).
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