Commercial thyme and lavender essential oils were analysed by GC/MS. Sixty-six compounds accounting for 98.6-99.6% of total essential oil were identified. Thymol (52.14 ± 0.21%), followed by p-cymene ...(32.24 ± 0.16%), carvacrol (3.71 ± 0.01%) and γ-terpinene (3.34 ± 0.02%), were the main compounds in thyme essential oil, while large amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes linalool acetate (37.07 ± 0.24%) and linalool (30.16 ± 0.06%) were found in lavender one. In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils was evaluated at 200 and 300 μg/mL against 10 phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi, which significantly affect agriculture. Micelial growth inhibition was calculated for each tested fungus and dose. Thyme essential oil showed satisfactory results with 90-100% growth inhibition in almost all the assayed fungi at 300 μg/mL, while lavender essential oil showed no noteworthy inhibition data at either dose, and its growth was even enhanced. Thyme essential oil represents a natural alternative to control harvest and post-harvest fungi, and to extend the shelf-life of agriculture products.
Profilin, a Change in the Paradigm Rodríguez Del Río, P; Díaz-Perales, A; Sánchez-García, S ...
Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology,
01/2018, Volume:
28, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Profilin is a protein that is present in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for cross-reactivity between pollen, latex, and plant foods. It has been classically acknowledged as a minor or nearly ...irrelevant allergen, although recent data are changing this conception. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of published data on the role of this ubiquitous allergen in pollen, latex, and plant food allergy. The patterns of recognition of this minor allergen follow a north-south gradient. Although present in all pollens and vegetables, profilin is significantly associated with allergy to grass pollen and to Cucurbitaceae fruits. Heb v 8, the latex profilin, is usually a marker of profilin allergy in plant food-allergic patients, although it has no clinical relevance in latex allergy. Sensitization to profilin jeopardizes the diagnosis of pollen allergy and selection of immunotherapy, and although component-resolved diagnosis can identify its impact, there are no tailored treatments available. In recent years, several new publications have shown how profilin should be taken into account and, under certain circumstances, considered a marker of severity, an allergen capable of inducing respiratory symptoms, and, in its natural purified form, a potential candidate for etiological treatment of food allergy. Current data on profilin strongly support the need for a shift in the previously accepted paradigm for this allergen. More research should be done to assess the real clinical impact of sensitization in specific populations and to develop therapeutic strategies.
Abstract The damage inflicted on the myocardium during acute myocardial infarction is the result of 2 processes: ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion injury). During the last 3 ...decades, therapies to reduce ischemic injury (mainly reperfusion strategies) have been widely incorporated into clinical practice. The remarkable reduction in death rates achieved with these therapies has resulted in a shift in emphasis from efforts to reduce mortality to a focus on tackling the downstream consequence of survival: post-infarction heart failure. Infarct size is the main determinant of long-term mortality and chronic heart failure, and thus, the possibility of limiting the extent of necrosis during an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is of great individual and socioeconomic value. After the great success of therapies to reduce ischemic injury, the time has come to focus efforts on therapies to reduce reperfusion injury, but in the recent few years, few interventions have successfully passed the proof-of-concept stage. In this review, we examine the past, present, and future therapies to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Background Peanut allergy affects persons from various geographic regions where populations are exposed to different dietary habits and environmental pollens. Objective We sought to describe the ...clinical and immunologic characteristics of patients with peanut allergy from 3 countries (Spain, the United States, and Sweden) using a molecular component diagnostic approach. Methods Patients with peanut allergy from Madrid (Spain, n = 50), New York (United States, n = 30), Gothenburg, and Stockholm (both Sweden, n = 35) were enrolled. Clinical data were obtained either from a specific questionnaire or gathered from chart reviews. IgE antibodies to peanut extract and the peanut allergens rAra h 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9, as well as to cross-reactive birch (rBet v 1) and grass (rPhl p 1, 5, 7, and 12) pollen allergens, were analyzed. Results American patients frequently had IgE antibodies to rAra h 1 to 3 (56.7% to 90.0%) and often presented with severe symptoms. Spanish patients recognized these 3 recombinant peanut allergens less frequently (16.0% to 42.0%), were more often sensitized to the lipid transfer protein rAra h 9 (60.0%), and typically had peanut allergy after becoming allergic to other plant-derived foods. Swedish patients detected rAra h 1 to 3 more frequently than Spanish patients (37.1% to 74.3%) and had the highest sensitization rate to the Bet v 1 homologue rAra h 8 (65.7%), as well as to rBet v 1 (82.9%). Spanish and Swedish patients became allergic to peanut at 2 years or later, whereas the American children became allergic around 1 year of age. Conclusions Peanut allergy has different clinical and immunologic patterns in different areas of the world. Allergen component diagnostics might help us to better understand this complex entity.
Abstract Background The impact of intravenous (IV) beta-blockers before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) on infarct size and clinical outcomes is not well established. Objectives ...This study sought to conduct the first double-blind, placebo-controlled international multicenter study testing the effect of early IV beta-blockers before PPCI in a general ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) population. Methods STEMI patients presenting <12 h from symptom onset in Killip class I to II without atrioventricular block were randomized 1:1 to IV metoprolol (2 × 5-mg bolus) or matched placebo before PPCI. Primary endpoint was myocardial infarct size as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 30 days. Secondary endpoints were enzymatic infarct size and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Safety endpoints included symptomatic bradycardia, symptomatic hypotension, and cardiogenic shock. Results A total of 683 patients (mean age 62 ± 12 years; 75% male) were randomized to metoprolol (n = 336) or placebo (n = 346). CMR was performed in 342 patients (54.8%). Infarct size (percent of left ventricle LV) by CMR did not differ between the metoprolol (15.3 ± 11.0%) and placebo groups (14.9 ± 11.5%; p = 0.616). Peak and area under the creatine kinase curve did not differ between both groups. LV ejection fraction by CMR was 51.0 ± 10.9% in the metoprolol group and 51.6 ± 10.8% in the placebo group (p = 0.68). The incidence of malignant arrhythmias was 3.6% in the metoprolol group versus 6.9% in placebo (p = 0.050). The incidence of adverse events was not different between groups. Conclusions In a nonrestricted STEMI population, early intravenous metoprolol before PPCI was not associated with a reduction in infarct size. Metoprolol reduced the incidence of malignant arrhythmias in the acute phase and was not associated with an increase in adverse events. (Early-Beta blocker Administration before reperfusion primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction EARLY-BAMI; EudraCT no: 2010-023394-19 )
Background and importanceIn 2014, the Institute of Safe Medication Practice published a bulletin that showed the importance of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Pharmacy services could contribute to ...identify and avoid allergic reactions in patients.Aim and objectivesTo evaluate the allergies and intolerances register system, the level of acceptance of pharmaceutical interventions and to determinate the most frequent pharmacological groups that cause allergies.Material and methodsA prospective study was conducted of allergies and intolerances registered in the medical history and prescription programme in a cohort of inpatients during the study period. Phase 1 (October 2018) was observational and included a situation analysis, except for a safety intervention if the patient was at risk. During phase 2 (November–December 2018), allergies/intolerances registered only in the medical history were identified and pharmacists informed the prescribers.ResultsPhase 1 included 374 patients, 60 (16%) with some allergy. In total, 71 allergies were described in the medical history but only 27% appeared in the prescription programme. A drug with allergy known was prescribed in 4 patients.Phase 2 included 1039 patients, 136 (13%) with allergies and 32 (3%) with intolerances. Of 232 allergies and 41 intolerances described, only 37% and 7%, respectively, were registered in the prescription programme. Drugs with allergies or intolerances prescribed were found in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. After pharmacist interventions, only 23% were approved and registered by the physician. Medical services registered 31% of allergies versus 49% in the surgical services. Anti-infectives and CNS drugs reached 66% of the total allergies.Conclusion and relevanceMost interventions (77%) were not accepted and not registered in the prescription programme. Surgical services registered more allergies than medical services. Drug administration was avoid in 11 patients with allergies due to pharmacist intervention. Anti-infectives and CNS drugs were the groups involved more frequently in allergies. Promotion of the allergies/intolerances register is needed to avoid erroneous administration in allergic patients.References and/or acknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
Abstract Background Exercise has been proposed as a trigger for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) phenotype manifestation; however, research is hampered by the limited ...availability of animal models in which disease-associated mutations can be tested. Objectives This study evaluated the impact of exercise on ARVC cardiac manifestations in mice after adeno-associated virus (AAV)–mediated gene delivery of mutant human PKP2 , which encodes the desmosomal protein plakophilin-2. Methods We developed a new model of cardiac tissue–specific transgenic-like mice on the basis of AAV gene transfer to test the potential of a combination of a human PKP2 mutation and endurance training to trigger an ARVC-like phenotype. Results Stable cardiac expression of mutant PKP2 (c.2203C>T), encoding the R735X mutant protein, was achieved 4 weeks after a single AAV9-R735X intravenous injection. High-field cardiac magnetic resonance over a 10-month postinfection follow-up did not detect an overt right ventricular (RV) phenotype in nonexercised (sedentary) mice. In contrast, endurance exercise training (initiated 2 weeks after AAV9-R735X injection) resulted in clear RV dysfunction that resembled the ARVC phenotype (impaired global RV systolic function and RV regional wall motion abnormalities on cardiac magnetic resonance). At the histological level, RV samples from endurance-trained R735X-infected mice displayed connexin 43 delocalization at intercardiomyocyte gap junctions, a change not observed in sedentary mice. Conclusions The introduction of the PKP2 R735X mutation into mice resulted in an exercise-dependent ARVC phenotype. The R735X mutation appears to function as a dominant-negative variant. This novel system for AAV-mediated introduction of a mutation into wild-type mice has broad potential for study of the implication of diverse mutations in complex cardiomyopathies.