The aim: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) caused by blood transfusion is a big problem throughout the world. The aim of study is to determine the faster and more accurate methods for ...detection of hepatitis B infections by serological screening and PCR- amplification.
Materials and methods: A total of 140528 donors were tested for HBsAg and total anti-HBc from January to October 2021 in Iraq's National Blood Transfusion Center; however, only 100 samples with HBsAg (-) and anti-HBc (+) were collected and tested for HBV DNA using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: From 2015 to 2021, the percentage of HBsAg positive donors was 0.33 percent in 2015, 0.32 percent in 2016, 0.30 percent in 2017, 0.28 percent in 2018, 0.23 percent in 2019, 0.22 percent in 2020, and 0.27 percent in 2021. Between January and October of 2021, the overall anti-HBc rate among the (140528) donors was 4.42 percent. According to our findings, only 7% of blood samples from NBTC donors with HBsAg (-) anti-HBc (+) were positive for HBV DNA. The results showed no significant change in HBs Ag (+) and total anti-HBc rates among blood donors between 2015 and 2021.
Conclusions: HBV infection could be transmitted from a blood donor with OBI. PCR (RT PCR) is substantially more sensitive and effective. Despite this the use of an anti-HBc test for blood donors could be seen as a second choice to control HBV from spreading during blood transfusions.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including development, differentiation, cell cycle ...regulation, and response to stress. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are present in different bodily fluids, which could serve as an important biomarker. The advancement of techniques and strategies for the identification of cancer-associated miRNAs in human specimens offers a novel opportunity to diagnose cancer in early stages, predict patient prognosis and evaluate response to treatment. Isothermal techniques including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), rolling circle amplification (RCA), or recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) offer simplicity, efficiency, and rapidity in miRNA detection processes. In contrast to traditional PCR (polymerase chain reaction), these techniques analysis and quantify miRNA molecules in specimens using a single constant temperature. In this comprehensive review, we summarized the recent advances in cancer-related miRNA detection via highly sensitive isothermal amplification methods by more focusing on the involved mechanism.
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome pathway has a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Activation of this pathway is implicated in the ...subendothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. The NLRP3 inflammasome are cytoplasmic sensors with the distinct capacity to identify a wide range of inflammation-related signals, which enhance NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and allow it to trigger inflammation. This pathway is triggered by a variety of intrinsic signals which exist in atherosclerotic plaques, like cholesterol crystals and oxidized LDL. Further pharmacological findings indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome enhanced caspase-1-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators like interleukin (IL)− 1β/18. Newly published cutting-edge studies suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are major modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to discuss the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, biogenesis of ncRNAs as well as the modulatory role of ncRNAs in regulating the various mediators of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway including TLR4, NF-kB, NLRP3, and caspase 1. We also discussed the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-related ncRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker in atherosclerosis and current therapeutics in the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis. Finally, we speak about the limitations and future prospects of ncRNAs in regulating inflammatory atherosclerosis via the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
The increasing resistance of staphylococci to ß -lactam antibiotics has become a major clinical problem. Development of rapid and sensitive techniques for detection of MRSA is an important aim for ...public health. A duplex PCR were established for specific identification of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples. In this work a duplex SYBR Green real time PCR was developed for rapid identification of MRSA in local methicillin-resistance S. aureus isolates. Twenty methicillin-resistance S. aureus isolates, as determined by disc diffusion method, were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Two genes were amplified successfully, mecA (533bp) and femA (314bp), as targets for methicillin-resistance and specific identification of S. aureus, respectively using conventional PCR. Sensitivity of the duplex PCR showed that the minimum concentration of DNA that gave positive results for the two genes was 30ng/µl. In order to develop rapid and sensitive test for identification of MRSA, serial dilutions of purified DNA were amplified gradually according to their concentrations using SYBR Green real time PCR. These results indicated that the SYBR Green real time PCR can be used for identification of methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical
We conducted a retrospective audit of six patients with various haematological malignancies (two acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, one acute myeloid leukaemia, and three non-Hodgkin lymphoma); these ...patients were eligible to receive rasburicase, being at high risk of development of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). They received a fixed single low-dose regimen of rasburicase (7.5 mg) mainly due to financial restriction, as patients were not supported by the National Health Service and did not have health insurance. We compared uric acid, creatinine levels, and electrolytes (i.e. phosphate, potassium, and calcium) before and after rasburicase administration and also assessed the need for renal replacement therapy after treatment. All six patients had a significant reduction in uric acid levels on the first day, achieving a response rate of 100% (p = 0.008994); creatinine, phosphate, and potassium were reduced significantly as well, with the p values of 0.0439, 0.014326, and 0.002008, respectively; only one patient needed renal replacement therapy in the form of haemodialysis, due to concerns about hyperphosphataemia. Financial difficulties faced either because patients lacked insurance or because of the restricted National Health Service budget in Egypt have resulted in the unavailability of certain modalities of treatment in cancer care and the need to consider more economic yet efficient approaches. Our experience suggests that a single low-dose rasburicase injection (7.5 mg) is an efficient and cost-effective method to control hyperuricaemia in patients with a high risk of developing TLS when compared with the more expensive and extended standard regimen and doses recommended.
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