Using universal explicit formulas of abelian differentials and periods defined for degenerating families of Riemann surfaces, we show that real theta functions associated with periods of tropical ...curves have tropical limits as solutions to the KP hierarchy.
We give an explicit formula of the normalized Mumford form which expresses the second tautological line bundle by the Hodge line bundle defined on the moduli space of algebraic curves of any genus. ...This formula is represented as an infinite product which is a higher genus version of the Ramanujan delta function under the trivialization by normalized abelian differentials and Eichler integrals of their products. Furthermore, this formula gives a universal expression of the normalized Mumford form as a computable power series with integral coefficients by the moduli parameters of algebraic curves. Therefore, one can describe the behavior of this form and hence of the Polyakov string measure around the Deligne-Mumford boundary.
ABSTRACT To study the accretion phase for local massive galaxies, we search accreting satellites around a massive compact galaxy ( ), spectroscopically confirmed ( ) in the eXtreme Deep Field, which ...has been originally reported in Szomoru et al. We detect 1369 satellite candidates within the projected virial radius ( kpc) of the compact galaxy in the all-combined Advanced Camera for Surveys image, with a -limiting magnitude of ABmag, which corresponds to at the redshift. The photometric redshift measured with 12 multi-band images confirms 34 satellites out of the candidates. Most of the satellites are found to have rest-frame colors consistent with star-forming galaxies. We investigate the relation between stellar mass and star formation rate (the star formation main sequence), and find a steeper slope at the low-mass end ( ), while more massive satellites are consistently on the sequence reported in previous studies. Within the uncertainties of star formation and photometric redshift, we conjecture possible scenarios for the compact galaxy which evolves to a local massive galaxy by way of significant size and mass growth. While the merging of the existing total stellar mass in the satellites is not enough to explain the mass growth predicted by observations and simulations, the contribution by in situ star formation in the satellites could compensate for the deficit. Provided that most satellites keep the observed in situ star formation and then quench before they accrete by, e.g., environmental quenching, the compact galaxy would become a massive early-type galaxy consistent with the local size-mass relation.
Background
This study assessed programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in primary tissues and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) concentration in matched preoperative serum in gastric cancer (GC) ...patients to perform direct comparison between tissue and serum PD-L1 expression and to clarify the prognostic implication in GC.
Methods
The study enrolled 180 GC patients who underwent surgery for GC at the authors’ institution. The study evaluated tissue PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry and quantified sPD-L1 concentration in preoperative serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in GC patients.
Results
The findings showed that PD-L1 was overexpressed in GC tissues compared with normal mucosa. Tissue PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in the GC patients with advanced T stage, presence of lympho-vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal metastasis. Furthermore, elevated tissue PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Serum sPD-L1 was significantly higher in the GC patients than in the healthy volunteers. Although serum sPD-L1 was not correlated with any clinicopathologic factors, the patients with high serum sPD-L1 showed poorer OS and DFS than those with low sPD-L1. Multivariate analyses showed that both elevated tissue PD-L1 and serum sPD-L1 were independent prognostic factors for poor OS tissue PD-L1: hazard ratio (HR), 4.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–12.8;
P
= 0.0094 vs. serum sPD-L1: HR, 11.2; 95% CI, 3.44–36.7;
P
= 0.0001 and poor DFS (tissue PD-L1: HR, 6.96; 95% CI, 2.48–19.6;
P
= 0.0002 vs. serum sPD-L1: HR, 8.7; 95% CI, 3.16–23.9;
P
< 0.0001) for the GC patients. Furthermore, infiltrative CD8- and Foxp3-positive T cells were significantly increased in the GC patients with elevated tissue PD-L1 expression.
Conclusion
Both serum sPD-L1 and tissue PD-L1 expression may serve as predictive biomarkers for recurrence and prognosis in GC patients.
Backgrounds and aim
Anastomotic leak (AL) following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC) remains an important cause of prolonged hospitalization and impaired quality of life. Recently, ...indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescein imaging has been used to evaluate the gastric conduit blood supply during EC surgery. Although several factors have been reported to be associated with AL, no studies have evaluated the relationships between risk factors for AL, including ICG fluorescein imaging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with AL following esophagectomy and to evaluate the impact of ICG fluorescein imaging of the gastric conduit during EC surgery.
Methods
One hundred and twenty patients undergoing esophagectomy with esophagogastric anastomosis for EC were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological factors, preoperative laboratory variables, and surgical factors, including ICG fluorescence imaging, were analyzed to determine their association with AL. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of each of these factors on the incidence of AL.
Results
Among the 120 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (8.3%) developed AL. Univariate analysis demonstrated an increased risk of AL in patients with a high-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (
p
= 0.0500) and in patients who did not undergo ICG fluorescein imaging (
p
= 0.0057). Multivariate analysis revealed that the absence of ICG imaging was an independent risk factor for AL (
p
= 0.0098).
Conclusions
Using ICG fluorescein imaging to evaluate blood flow in the gastric conduit might decrease the incidence of AL following EC surgery.
Purpose
We recently revealed the preoperative lymphocyte C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) to be a new marker for predicting various outcomes in malignancies. The aim of our present study was to clarify ...the potential utility of the preoperative LCR for predicting the perioperative risk and oncological outcome in esophageal cancer patients.
Methods
We analyzed the preoperative LCR from 153 esophageal cancer patients to clarify its clinical relevance.
Results
The preoperative LCR was significantly decreased in a stage-dependent manner, and a decreased preoperative LCR was significantly associated with the occurrence of postoperative surgical site infection. Esophageal cancer patients with a low LCR showed a poor outcome in both the overall survival and disease-free survival compared with those who had a high LCR. Multivariate analyses showed that a decreased LCR was an independent prognostic factor for both a poor overall survival and disease-free survival. A decreased preoperative LCR was an independent predictive factor for postoperative surgical site infection and significantly correlated with nutritional and inflammatory indicators. In addition, the LCR was useful for identifying esophageal cancer patients likely to have a poor outcome among patients with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusions
Assessing the preoperative LCR might help physicians identify populations at high risk for perioperative complication and oncological outcomes, and determine individualized perioperative therapeutic strategies.
Streptococcus suis strains isolated from porcine endocarditis and tonsils in the Tokai area of Japan during 2004–2007 and 2014–2016 (n=114) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and ...distribution of selected resistance genes. No strains showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. High resistance to tetracycline (80.7%), clindamycin (65.8%), erythromycin (56.1%), and clarithromycin (56.1%) was observed. In chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, there was a trend towards increased resistance between the first (2004–2007) and second (2014–2016) periods. tet(O) and erm(B) genes were the most frequently detected, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes were only detected in strains isolated during 2014–2016. These results indicate that chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes emerged in S. suis of this area after 2014.
We construct families of rationally degenerating Riemann surfaces corresponding to tropical curves with trivial weights, and give explicit formulas of the associated quasi-periodic solutions and ...soliton solutions as their regularized limits to the KP hierarchy and the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy. This result especially gives rise to soliton solutions in extensive classes to these nonlinear integrable systems which are expected to cover all solutions expressed by compositions of elementary functions. For these quasi-periodic solutions, we also discuss their regularity and limits to the mixtures with solitons obtained from tropical curves with nontrivial weights.
•New soliton solutions of extensive classes to the KP hierarchy and the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy are constructed.•Explicit formulas of these soliton solutions are given.•Their regularity and extension to constructing mixtures of solitons and quasi-periodic solutions are discussed.
Semi-terrestrial brachyuran sesarmid crabs are the most diverse and important faunal components of mangrove forest and temperate coastal communities worldwide. To establish a stable larval rearing ...method for understanding their larval developmental processes including molecular mechanisms of molting and metamorphosis, we examined the effects of diet on the survival and growth of three sesarmid crabs, Chiromantes haematocheir, Orisarma intermedium, and O. dehaani under larval development. Zoea of each species, immediately after hatching, were reared under different feeding conditions as follows: non-feeding; fed only nutrition-enriched rotifers; fed only Artemia (brine shrimp) nauplii; and fed a combination of both nutrition-enriched rotifers and brine shrimp. Larvae of each species survived almost to megalopa when they were fed both rotifer and brine shrimp, but all C. haematocheir larvae had died by zoeal stage 2 when they were only fed brine shrimp. Chiromantes haematocheir larvae could survive into the megalopa stage when fed only nutrition-enriched rotifer, whereas both O. dehaani and O. intermedium showed 50% or less survival and metamorphosis rates into megalopa. The duration of larval development and survival rates of the three crabs were shorter and higher, respectively, in the mixed feeding group (both rotifer and brine shrimp) than when only fed rotifer or brine shrimp. This study provides baseline knowledge of the interspecific variability in larval survival and duration under different diets for sympatric sesarmid crab species.
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