Toxicity of the Airborne Brake Wear Debris Peikertova, Pavlina; Kuricova, Miroslava; Kazimirova, Alena ...
SAE International journal of materials and manufacturing,
01/2017, Volume:
10, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Particulate air pollution from road traffic currently represents significant environmental and health issue. Attention is also paid to the "non-exhaust pollution sources," which includes brake wear ...debris. During each brake application, the airborne and nonairborne particles are emitted into the environment due to wear. High temperatures and pressures on the friction surfaces initiate chemical and morphological changes of the initial components of brake pads and rotating counterparts. Understanding of impact of matter released from brakes on health is vital. Numerous studies clearly demonstrated that particulate matter caused potential adverse effects related to cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, stimulation of proinflammatory factors, and mutagenicity on the cellular level. This paper compiles our main results in the field of genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and aquatic toxicity of airborne brake wear particles. The brake wear particles were generated using an automotive brake dynamometer. In vitro human peripheral blood cell model was used for the genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Assessment of aquatic toxicity was performed on the green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata. Obtained results point to potency of toxicity related to the generated airborne brake wear debris.
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate several immunologic parameters using of immunonephelometry and adipocytokines by the enzyme immunoassay and their changes in different states of ...obesity. Obesity is considered to involve a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, with links between adipose cells and the immune system. We found significantly higher complement C3 levels in all obese subjects. Levels of the complement C4 were significantly higher in obese women, but not in men, when compared with the corresponding group of normal weight subjects. The increase in C-reactive protein concentrations was significant in both obese and morbidly obese women, but only in morbidly obese men. No significant differences in tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule–1 were found. sE-selectin levels were higher in both overweight and obese women but only in morbidly obese men. We found decreased adiponectin concentrations in obese and morbidly obese women. Concentrations of leptin were significantly higher only in obese men ( p < 0.05), whereas in women the increase in leptin levels was significant in overweight, obese, and morbidly obese subjects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate elevated levels of C3, C-reactive protein, sE-selectin, and leptin in obese women and men. In obese women, we also observed increased concentrations of C4 and decreased levels of adiponectin.
For needs of manufacture and decision practice soil categorisation was elaborated by soil suitability for winter wheat. The categorisation was based on pedological materials of the Bonited ...Pedo-ecological Units System (BPEJ) including necessary climatic data in the form, they are deposited in the Soil Information System of the Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, Bratislava. Arable land of the highest quality - loamy soils including Chernozems, Orthic Luvisols, Mollic Fluvisols, some of Fluvisols plus the best series of remaining soil types, were incorporated into category I. - soil suitable for winter wheat. Deteriorating soil parameters, as: unfavourable textural composition, stoniness, sloping, erosion, water-logging, reduced humus content, unfavourable pH values, unproper physical properties, high altitude, days of vegetation period, temperatures, etc. were helpful for us, when specifying further categories of soils less suitable for winter wheat growing. Resulting materials will be equally for a good service for agricultural enterprises as basic economical unit as well as for management and advisory purposes, recommendation and planning in the level of district, region and whole Slovakia
The COVID 19 pandemic has created blocks in our society that have affected all areas of our lives. One of the areas that have been affected most significantly is the transport sector. Due to the ...restrictions against the spread of the pandemic, public transport suffered huge losses. The aim of this contribution is to point out the changes in the traffic behavior of the inhabitants of Slovakia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the data obtained using a questionnaire survey, which was carried out during 2021 by the inhabitants of Slovakia, served this purpose. It was found that during the strongest waves of the pandemic, residents avoided using public transport and switched to other modes of transport, primarily individual car and pedestrian transport. The main reason was safety and health concerns.
Approximately every fifth Slovak is obese and every other is overweight. These findings gave birth to a project called Diateens-the youth-oriented project aimed at the prevention of diabetes ...mellitus. The patronage over the project as one of the educational programme within the National Diabetes Programme, was assumed by the Slovak Diabetes Society and the Slovak WHO Office. The purpose of the project was to improve the awareness of young people about diabetes mellitus, ascertain the general state of their health and support a healthy lifestyle (healthy behavior) as an important component in the prevention of the disease.
The Cooperative Game Theory is a scientific discipline which offers rich mathematical apparatus for describing complex situations in the social reality. Its apparatus includes an extension to ...hierarchical structures and therefore can be applied to numerous research problems from the International Relations field. However, a cooperative game theoretical approach is very scarcely used. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to demonstrate, on the research problem of decision making in participation in local conflicts, the benefits of results that can be achieved by the application of the Cooperative Game Theory. In the first part of the thesis, theoretical foundations are laid and basic concepts are introduced. The second part is focused on forming a series of models of cooperative games with hierarchical structures from four local conflict situations, which are subsequently restricted in order to describe authoritative relations in structure. Restricted games are solved, the results are interpreted and evaluation of how these results can contribute to addressing the research problem follows.
Identification of soil erosion indicators in Slovakia can be as a continuing activity after until now comprehensive soil erosion evaluation by experimental and/or expert methods on national and ...specific regional levels as well. Seems to be that indirect indication of soil erosion development would be preferred and adopted into the structure of environmental indicators in Slovakia. Soil use situation will be most important parameter of that. First of all permanent plant cover development we want to take into consideration. Of course this is relevant mainly to areas of erosion probability. Another indicators we have also under development.
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