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•Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, exhaustion, cognitive problems, and mood swings.•Treatment are focused on muscle relaxant medications to reduce ...pain. But common side effects of muscle relaxants include dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, difficulty urinating, constipation, and dry mouth.•Spirulina is widely utilized due to its high content of phycocyanins, phenols, and polysaccharides.•In our research, we discovered that daily supplementation with spirulina was effective in improving the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.
Aim: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex and long-lasting musculoskeletal disorder characterized by mood changes, fatigue, headache, and extensive musculoskeletal pain. Spirulina has potent antioxidant, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate spirulina’s capacity to protect rats against FM caused by reserpine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous injection of reserpine (1 mg/kg) once a day for three days. Subsequently, they were administered an oral dose of 400 mg/kg of Spirulina for 21 days. Many molecular, biochemical, and behavioral tests have been evaluated. Results: Daily spirulina consumption was able to limit the increase in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and a reduction in biogenic amine levels as well as behavioral alterations.Significance: This study demonstrated for the first time that dietary integration with spirulina could be helpful to reduce the onset of pain, inflammation and mental disturbance in FM patients.
Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a persistent syndrome marked by widespread musculoskeletal pain and behavioural symptoms. Given the hypothesis linking FMS aetiology to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative ...stress, we examined the biochemical correlation among these factors by studying specific proteins associated with mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle. Additionally, this study investigated the role of Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BS), known for its various functions, including the potent induction of antioxidant enzymes, in determining protective or reparative mechanisms in the muscle cells. Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with reserpine to induce FMS.
These animals exhibited moderate changes in hind limb skeletal muscles, experiencing mobility difficulties. Additionally, there were noteworthy morphological and ultrastructural alterations, along with the expression of myogenin, mitochondrial enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the gastrocnemius muscle. Interestingly, BS demonstrated a reduction in spontaneous motor activity difficulties. Moreover, BS showed a positive impact on musculoskeletal morphostructural aspects, as well as a decrease in oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations. In particular, BS restored the mRNA expression of citrate synthase and cytochrome-c oxidase subunit II and the activity of electron transfer chain complexes. BS also influenced mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulating PGC-1α expression and the related transcription factors (Nrf1, Tfam, Nrf2, FOXO3a, SIRT3, GCLC, NQO1, SOD2 and GPx4), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, GSH levels and GSH-Px activity) and mitochondrial dynamics and function (Mnf2 expression and CoQ10 levels). Overall, this study underlined the key role of the mitochondrial alteration in FMS and that BS had a very high antioxidant effect in these organelles and also in the cells.
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•FMS induced musculoskeletal morphostructural alteration.•FMS reduced myogenin expression.•FMS impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle.•FMS increased oxidative stress in muscle.•FMS impaired mitochondrial dynamics and function in muscle.
A critical role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. It is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative balance in ...the central nervous system. Boswellia serrata (BS), a natural polyphenol, is a well-known able to influence the mitochondrial metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia and their modulation by BS. To induce the model reserpine (1 mg/Kg) was subcutaneously administered for three consecutive days and BS (100 mg/Kg) was given orally for twenty-one days. BS reduced pain like behaviors in reserpine-injected rats and the astrocytes activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex that are recognized as key regions associated with the neuropathic pain. Vulnerability to neuroinflammation and impaired neuronal plasticity have been described as consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. BS administration increased PGC-1α expression in the nucleus of spinal cord and brain tissues, promoting the expression of regulatory genes for mitochondrial biogenesis (NRF-1, Tfam and UCP2) and cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms (catalase, SOD2 and Prdx 3). According with these data BS reduced lipid peroxidation and the GSSG/GSH ratio and increased SOD activity in the same tissues. Our results also showed that BS administration mitigates cytochrome-c leakage by promoting mitochondrial function and supported the movement of PGC-1α protein into the nucleus restoring the quality control of mitochondria. Additionally, BS reduced Drp1 and Fis1, preventing both mitochondrial fission and cell death, and increased the expression of Mfn2 protein, facilitating mitochondrial fusion. Overall, our results showed important mitochondrial dysfunction in central nervous system in fibromyalgia syndrome and the role of BS in restoring mitochondrial dynamics.
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•BS reduced glial cells activation in spinal cord and brain tissue induced by FM.•BS reduced oxidative stress in spinal cord and brain tissue induced by FM.•BS reduced cytochrome c release in spinal cord and brain tissue induced by FM.•BS reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in spinal cord and brain tissue induced by FM.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose significant risks to human and environmental health, with potential implications for neurotoxicity. This study investigates the synergistic neurotoxic effects of ...perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and glyphosate (GLY), two ubiquitous EDs, using SHSY5Y neuronal and C6 astrocytic cell lines. While individual exposures to PFOS and glyphosate at non-toxic concentrations did not induce significant changes, their combination resulted in a marked increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses. Specifically, the co-exposure led to elevated levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma, along with reduced interleukin-10 expression, indicative of heightened neuroinflammatory processes. These findings underscore the importance of considering the synergistic interactions of EDs in assessing neurotoxic risks and highlight the urgent need for further research to mitigate the adverse effects of these compounds on neurological health.
•Neurotoxic synergy: PFOS & glyphosate.•Oxidative stress escalation: Co-exposure.•Heightened neuroinflammation: PFOS & glyphosate.•Cytokine imbalance: Interleukin-10 reduced.•Research urgency: Mitigate ED neurotoxicity.
The Directive 2013/35/EU establishes standards for workers exposed to static and time varying magnetic fields. These limits are based on ICNIRP guidelines expressed in terms of the electric field ...induced in the body. The complexity of this measurement led to theoretical models being developed. In this study, the experimental evaluation included varying magnetic field exposures for two classes of MRI workers. The measurements are conducted on four different MRI Systems including one 0.35 T, two 1.5 T, and one 3.0 T. Pocket magnetic dosimeters were used and it was carried out during routine conditions, emergency conditions, and cold-head maintenance/substitution. The acquired data has been processed and the corresponding dB/dt curves have been computed as the first time derivative of the dataset. The weighted peak approach was also implemented for the compliance assessment with regulatory limits. The dB/dt peak values have been compared with the reference level (RL) proposed by ICNIRP. The results show that the RL always exceeds during measurements on the 3.0 T scanner and sometimes on 1.5 T. In light of the foregoing, the diffusion of ultra-high field MRI scanners involves the introduction of behavioral rules that could be more useful than a numerical action level.
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