A search for tau neutrino induced showers with the MAGIC telescopes is presented. The MAGIC telescopes located at an altitude of 2200 m a.s.l. in the Canary Island of La Palma, can point towards the ...horizon or a few degrees below across an azimuthal range of about 80°. This provides a possibility to search for air showers induced by tau leptons arising from interactions of tau neutrinos in the Earth crust or the surrounding ocean. In this paper we show how such air showers can be discriminated from the background of very inclined hadronic showers by using Monte Carlo simulations. Taking into account the orography of the site, the point source acceptance and the event rates expected have been calculated for a sample of generic neutrino fluxes from photo-hadronic interactions in AGNs. The analysis of about 30 h of data taken towards the sea leads to a 90% C.L. point source limit for tau neutrinos in the energy range from 1.0 × 1015 eV to 3.0 × 1018 eV of about Eντ2×ϕ(Eντ)<2.0×10−4 GeV cm−2 s−1 for an assumed power-law neutrino spectrum with spectral index γ=−2. However, with 300 h and in case of an optimistic neutrino flare model, limits of the level down to Eντ2×ϕ(Eντ)<8.4×10−6 GeV cm−2 s−1 can be expected.
Extreme high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars that exhibit extremely energetic synchrotron emission. They also feature nonthermal gamma-ray emission whose peak lies in the very ...high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) range, and in some sources exceeds 1 TeV: this is the case for hard-TeV EHBLs such as 1ES 0229+200. With the aim of increasing the EHBL population, 10 targets were observed with the MAGIC telescopes from 2010 to 2017, for a total of 265 hr of good-quality data. The data were complemented by coordinated Swift observations. The X-ray data analysis confirms that all but two sources are EHBLs. The sources show only a modest variability and a harder-when-brighter behavior, typical for this class of objects. At VHE gamma-rays, three new sources were detected and a hint of a signal was found for another new source. In each case, the intrinsic spectrum is compatible with the hypothesis of a hard-TeV nature of these EHBLs. The broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of all sources are built and modeled in the framework of a single-zone, purely leptonic model. The VHE gamma-ray-detected sources were also interpreted with a spine-layer model and a proton synchrotron model. The three models provide a good description of the SEDs. However, the resulting parameters differ substantially in the three scenarios, in particular the magnetization parameter. This work presents the first mini catalog of VHE gamma-ray and multiwavelength observations of EHBLs.
Cypoviruses are insect viruses that produce a cytoplasmic crystalline particle called the polyhedron in which progeny virions are occluded. The virion structural protein, VP3, is implicated in the ...occlusion of viral particles into polyhedra. In this study, we determined the amino acid sequence of VP3 required for occlusion of viral particles into polyhedra and proposed that this sequence could be used as an immobilization signal to direct the stable incorporation of foreign proteins into polyhedra. A large‐scale survey revealed that the immobilization signal could, in fact, direct the incorporation of a variety of human proteins into polyhedra. Immune reactivity and protein–protein interactions were detected on the surface of polyhedra containing immobilized foreign proteins, and these particles were shown to be highly stabilized against dehydration. We showed that these particles could be arrayed onto a glass slide by standard spotting and laser manipulation methods. Thus, this approach is well suited for protein expression, purification, and the development of protein microarrays.
In order to evaluate the benefit derived by conventional views in the initial diagnosis of fractures of the orbital walls, a clinical study was designed to compare the results of evaluations by plain ...films and coronal CT scans. The conventional Caldwell's and Waters' views will provide a fairly reliable result as to the presence of orbital fractures: orbital floor (anterior in 78%, posterior in 73%), medial orbital wall (anterior in 71%, posterior in 72%), and ethmoid-maxillary plate in 64%. False-negative diagnosis was seen at the anterior portion of the floor in 13%, at the anterior portion of the medial orbital wall in 7%, and at the ethmoid-maxillary plate in 11%. False-negative diagnosis was seen at the orbital floor (anterior in 9%, posterior in 10%), at the medial orbital wall (anterior in 21%, posterior in 29%), and at the ethmoid-maxillary plate in 21%. Our results agree well with those of the past reports.
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