We develop a general nonlinear theory of thermo-electrodynamics. We show that two theories constructed in our previous works, namely the linear theory of thermo-electrodynamics and the nonlinear ...theory of electromagnetism, can be obtained from the general nonlinear theory proposed in the present paper. We also make some assumptions about how our model can be used to describe the fields corresponding to strong and weak interactions. Our approach is based on using of the Cosserat continuum of a special type as a mechanical model and some analogues between mechanical and physical quantities.
This study is devoted to the distribution of trophic groups of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean. The patterns of distribution of detritus feeders, seston feeders, and predators along the bottom of the ...Arctic polar basin are analyzed. The object of the study is the geoecology of the distribution of food groups of benthic animals in the polar regions. The subject of the study is the methods used in assessing the distribution of zoobenthos with different types of nutrition in the polar regions. The results of the work are based on the analysis of the vertical and horizontal structures of the distribution of benthic fauna, reflected in the map of the distribution of trophic groups of zoobenthos and systematized in the distribution table of the leading species of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean. To assess the patterns of geoecological distribution of zoobenthos according to the method of feeding, the following were used: actual and cartographic scientific data on the relief, soils, waters, ice cover, maps on the distribution of plankton and the content of organic matter in bottom sediments, as well as data on the trophic characteristics of the benthic fauna of the polar regions, leading biocenoses of the polar regions and geoecological conditions for the existence of benthic fauna in the polar regions. This article presents a map of the distribution of zoobenthos in the Arctic Ocean (according to literary sources), developed by the author, and a table of distribution of guide species of zoobenthos trophic groups in various areas of the Arctic Ocean, compiled by the author based on literary sources. The obtained results of the distribution of food groups of zoobenthos can be used in further detailed assessment of food reserves of bioresources in the polar regions of the World Ocean and their consumption; when designing the economic development of the polar regions; during landscape monitoring.
A new nonlinear model of a micropolar continuum is suggested. The peculiarity of the model is that the constitutive equations depend only on the strain measures associated with rotational degrees of ...freedom, and at the same time, the stress tensor turns out to be different from zero. This mathematical model has been created with the view of its use for modeling various processes, including processes at the micro-scale level. Following the terminology of nineteenth-century scientists, we call our model the ether model, though in its mathematical content, it differs from the nineteenth-century ether models very significantly. There may be different points of view concerning the physical meaning of our model. On the one hand, one can suppose the same meaning that nineteenth-century scientists implied in their ether models. On the other hand, one can imagine a continuum consisting of quasi- or virtual particles. The choice of one of the aforementioned physical interpretations is not important for constructing the mathematical model. Our method of modeling thermo- and electrodynamic processes is as follows. In the framework of our model, we introduce mechanical analogies of physical quantities such as temperature, entropy, the electric field vector, the magnetic induction vector. We show that under certain simplifying assumptions the equations of our model coincide with well-known equations, in particular, with Maxwell’s equations. We explore the properties of our mathematical model in its most general form, investigate what processes can be described in the framework of our model, and suggest a possible interpretation of these processes.
We consider boundary-value problems for differential-difference equations containing incommensurable shifts of arguments in higher-order terms. We prove that in the case of finite orbits of boundary ...points generated by the set of shifts of the difference operator, the original problem is reduced to a boundary-value problem for differential equation with nonlocal boundary conditions.
Summary
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic inflammatory disease which involves multiple organs. Self‐specific B and T cells play a main role in the pathogenesis of lupus and have been defined ...as a logical target for selective therapy. The protein annexin A1 (ANX A1) is a modulator of the immune system involving many cell types. An abnormal expression of ANX A1 was found on activated B and T cells during autoimmunity, suggesting its importance as a potential therapeutic target. We hypothesize that it may be possible to down‐regulate the activity of autoreactive T and B cells from lupus patients in a humanized immunodeficient mouse model by treating them with an antibody against ANX A1. When cultured in the presence of anti‐ANX A1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from lupus patients showed a decreased number of immunoglobulin (Ig)G anti‐dsDNA antibody‐secreting plasma cells, decreased T cell proliferation and expression of activation markers and increased B and T cell apoptosis. We employed a humanized model of SLE by transferring PBMCs from lupus patients to immunodeficient non‐obese diabetic‐severe combined immunodeficient (NOD‐SCID) mice. The humanized animals presented autoantibodies, proteinuria and immunoglobulin deposition in the renal glomeruli. Treatment of these NOD‐SCID mice with an anti‐ANX A1 antibody prevented appearance of anti‐DNA antibodies and proteinuria, while the phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)‐injected animals had high levels after the transfer. The treatment reduced the levels of autoantibodies to several autoantigens, lupus‐associated cytokines and disease symptoms.
An abnormal expression of ANX A1 was found on activated B and T cells during autoimmunity suggesting its importance as a potential therapeutic target. We hypothesize that it may be possible to down‐regulate the activity of autoreactive T and B cells from lupus patients in humanized immunodeficient mouse model by treating them with an antibody against ANX A1. The treatment reduced the levels of autoantibodies to several autoantigens, lupus‐associated cytokines and disease symptoms.
Walking function disorders are typical for patients after cerebral stroke. Biofeedback technology (BFB) is currently considered effective and promising for training walking function, including in ...patients after cerebral stroke. Most studies recognize that BFB training is a promising tool for improving walking function; however, the data on the use of highly selective walking parameters for BFB training are very limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility of using BFB training targeting one of the basic parameters of gait symmetry—stance phase duration—in cerebral stroke patients in the early recovery period. The study included 20 hemiparetic patients in the early recovery period after the first hemispheric ischemic stroke. The control group included 20 healthy subjects. The BFB training and biomechanical analysis of walking (before and after all BFB sessions) were done using an inertial system. The mean number of BFB sessions was nine (from 8 to 11) during the three weeks in clinic. There was not a single negative response to BFB training among the study patients, either during the sessions or later. The spatiotemporal parameters of walking showed the whole syndrome complex of slow walking and typical asymmetry of temporal walking parameters, and did not change significantly as a result of the study therapy. The changes were more significant for the functioning of hip and knee joints. The contralateral hip amplitude returned to the normal range. For the knee joint, the amplitude of the first flexion increased and the value of the amplitude of hyperextension decreased in the middle of the stance phase. Concerning muscle function, the observed significant decrease in the function of m. Gastrocnemius and the hamstring muscles on the paretic side remained without change at the end of the treatment course. We obtained positive dynamics of the biomechanical parameters of walking in patients after the BFB training course. The feasibility and efficacy of their use for targeted correction need further research.
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