We present a numerical extension to the analytical propagation model introduced in Hein and Spanier (2008) to describe the leptonic population in the galactic disc. The model is used to derive a ...possible identification of the components that contribute to the leptonic cosmic ray spectrum, as measured by PAMELA, Fermi and HESS, with an emphasis on secondary e + -e- production in collisions of cosmic ray particles with ambient interstellar medium (ISM). We find that besides secondaries, an additional source symmetric in e+ and e- production is needed to explain both the PAMELA anomaly and the Fermi bump, assuming a power-law primary electron spectrum. Our model also allows us to derive constraints for some properties of the ISM.
Transport and acceleration of charged particles in turbulent media is a topic of great interest in space physics and interstellar astrophysics. These processes are dominated by the scattering of ...particles off magnetic irregularities. The scattering process itself is usually described by small-angle scattering with the pitch-angle coefficient \(D_{\mu\mu}\) playing a major role. Since the diffusion coefficient \(D_{\mu\mu}\) can be determined analytically only for the approximation of quasi-linear theory, the determination of this coefficient from numerical simulations has, therefore, become more important. So far these simulations yield particle tracks for small-scale scattering, which can then be interpreted using the running diffusion coefficients. This method has a limited range of validity. This paper presents two new methods that allow for the calculation of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient from numerical simulations. These methods no longer analyse particle trajectories, but the change of particle distribution functions. It is shown that they provide better resolved results and allow for the analysis of strong turbulence. The application of these methods to Monte Carlo simulations of particle scattering and hybrid MHD-particle simulations is presented. Both analysis methods are able to recover the diffusion coefficients used as input for the Monte Carlo simulations and provide better results in MHD simulations especially for stronger turbulence.
ABSTRACT The transport and acceleration of charged particles in turbulent media are topics of great interest in space physics and interstellar astrophysics. These processes are dominated by the ...scattering of particles off magnetic irregularities. The scattering process itself is usually described by small-angle scattering, with the pitch-angle coefficient playing a major role. Since the diffusion coefficient can be determined analytically only for the approximation of quasilinear theory, the determination of this coefficient from numerical simulations has become more important. So far these simulations have yielded particle tracks for small-scale scattering, which can then be interpreted using the running diffusion coefficients. This method has a limited range of validity. This paper presents two new methods that allow for the calculation of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient from numerical simulations. These methods no longer analyze particle trajectories and instead examine the change of particle distribution functions. It is shown that these methods provide better resolved results and allow for the analysis of strong turbulence. The application of these methods to Monte Carlo simulations of particle scattering and hybrid MHD-particle simulations is presented. Both analysis methods are able to recover the diffusion coefficients used as input for the Monte Carlo simulations and provide better results in MHD simulations, especially for stronger turbulence.
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a disease that can influence the health related quality of life. Also oral anticoagulants can influence it both because of its therapeutic benefits or complications as ...well as how the anticoagulant usage influence the person's life style by regular laboratory test necessity or diet restrictions.
Determine and analyze whether there is a statistically significant difference comparing health related quality of life between K vitamin antagonist, warfarin, users, novel anticoagulant (NOAC), rivaroxaban, dabigatran, users and patients, who do not use any kind of oral anticoagulant.
A cross-sectional analytic research was made in Pauls Stradins Clinical university hospital, Center of Cardiology in Riga, Latvia during the time period from October 2016 till June 2017. Persons with high-risk non-valvular atrial fibrillation were offered to participate in this research. If the person agreed, an oral interview with questions about disease anamnesis, demographic data, laboratory test results, echocardiography results, modified SF-36 survey, used oral anticoagulant type was held. Data were precised with the help of the case anamnesis information. For statistical data analysis was used SPSS Statistics database.
Altogether 218 patients were enrolled, of which 56.9% were female and 43.1% – male, mean age – 70.4 years, mean CHA2D2-VASc score – 4.4. Warfarin used 37.6%, 33.0% – novel oral anticoagulants, but 29.4% did not use any kind of oral anticoagulant. A statistically significant difference was discovered between the mean ranks in physical functioning sections comparing warfarin (mean rank 95.85) with NOACs (mean rank 124.57); p=0.012. Also a statistically significant difference was in social functioning comparing warfarin (mean rank 96.16) with NOACs (mean rank 119.08); p=0.026. Age had low negative correlation (r=−0.23) with physical functioning. Duration of atrial fibrillation diagnosis did not have correlations with the results.
NOAC usage correlates with the best health related quality of life scores, gaining a statistically significant difference compared to warfarin users in physical functioning (warfarin – 95.85, NOACs – 124.57; p=0.012) and social functioning mean ranks (warfarin – 95.16, NOACs – 119.08; p=0.026). Age had low negative correlation with physical functioning scores.
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