Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson’s ...diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of
Dorea
,
Bacteroides
,
Prevotella
,
Faecalibacterium
,
Bacteroides massiliensis
,
Stoquefichus massiliensis
,
Bacteroides coprocola
,
Blautia glucerasea
,
Dorea longicatena
,
Bacteroides dorei
,
Bacteroides plebeus
,
Prevotella copri
,
Coprococcus eutactus
, and
Ruminococcus callidus
, and increased content of
Christensenella
,
Catabacter
,
Lactobacillus
,
Oscillospira
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Christensenella minuta
,
Catabacter hongkongensis
,
Lactobacillus mucosae
,
Ruminococcus bromii
, and
Papillibacter cinnamivorans
. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.
The article presents the results of an experimental study on physiological stimulation of tilapia spawning and methods of early sex detection in juvenile fish. It has been determined that among ...organic dyes, solution of diamond green has shown the best results in determining the sex of juvenile tilapia. It has been found that the pituitary gland of carp is suitable for stimulation of reproductive products maturation in tilapia and causes spawning behavior in fish. Under controlled conditions, this allows obtaining a constant number of larvae of a certain age and size, which is an essential prerequisite for industrial fish breeding technology.
Parkinson's disease and glutamatergic system Mironova, Yu S; Zhukova, N G; Zhukova, I A ...
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova,
2018, Volume:
118, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Clinical variants of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not restricted to motor symptoms but include a wide spectrum of different non-motor symptoms: cognitive, psychotic, autonomic and sensory. These ...non-motor symptoms often occur long before classical motor features. Associated pathologic changes can now be identified at earliest stages using neuroimaging, pathomorphological and genetic studies. Therefore, PD is currently considered as a multifactorial, heterogenic systemic disease associated with involvement of multiple neurotransmitter systems. This leads to understanding that not only dopaminergic but also other neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic system, are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This article aimed at investigating a role of glutamatergic system in the initiation of neurodegenerative process. The role of glutamate as a neurotransmitter and a neurotoxin in the pathogenesis of PD and progression of its clinical manifestations is discussed. The authors suggest that research into glutamate excitotoxicity in PD patients might allow the improvement of treatment tactics and correction of pathogenetic therapy.
Microbiota is a community of microorganisms, viruses, protozoa, colonizing the gut. There are tight phylogenetic relationships between the gut microbiota and the human body, the disturbance of which ...may lead to the CNS dysfunction as well as to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on general and specific aspects of the influence of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Current theories and models of the relationship between microbiota and brain structures in PD are presented with a specific focus on neurochemical and immunological aspects of the problem.
Currently the role of microbiota in diseases pathogenesis, its therapeutic and diagnostic potential are of the utmost interest for scientists and medical doctors. Parkinson’s disease is ...neurodegenerative disorder for which microbiota’s dysbiosis was previously shown.The main goal of the study is to compare the colon microbiota composition in case of Parkinson’s disease and other neurological pathologies, including idiopathic familial dystonia, essential tremor, multiple sclerosis, multiple system atrophy in order to determine the intestinal flora landscape specific to Parkinson’s disease.Material and methods. One hundred twenty-six patients, 93 with Parkinson’s disease and 33 with other neurological pathology were examined. For all patients, physical examination and fecal samples collection were performed. Microbiota taxonomic composition was analyzed by sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes followed by bioinformatic and statistical analysis.As a result of the study, significant differences between groups in microbiota composition were found. Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson’s disease was characterized by increase of Desulfovibrio piger, Lactobacillus mucosae, Yokenella regensburgei, Alistipes indistinctus, Oscillospira capillosus, Clostridium bolteae, Soleaferrea massiliensis, Butyricimonas virosa, Dorea massiliensis, Victivallis vadensis abundances. Patients with other neurological diseases had increased levels of bacteria belonging to Blautia, Intestinibacter, Coprococcus genera and Anoxystipes fissicatena, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Gemmiger formicilis, Papillibacter cinnamivorans, Roseburia faecis, Lachnoclostridium indolis, Clostridium populeti, Clostridium tertium, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium desmolans, Eubacterium cylindroides, Clostridium clariflavum, Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus eutactus, Intestinibacter bartlettii species in their gut microbiota.Consequently, gut microbiota in case of Parkinson’s disease was different from the microbiota of patients with other neurological diseases, including neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, in terms of taxonomic diversity and composition.
The purpose of this paper is to study the most common non-motor symptoms of the Parkinson’s disease (PD): olfactory dysfunction, constipation and associated with them variety of fecal microorganisms ...in patients with Parkinson’s disease.Materials and methods. We studied olfactory function in 51 patients with PD using Sniffin Sticks Test and taxonomic composition of fecal microbiota.Results. Olfactory dysfunctions (hyposmia, anosmia) were found in most patients that participated in study as well as differences in alpha-variety of gut microbiota among groups with different olfactory characteristics.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the composition of gut microbiota must be associated with etiology and pathogenesis of PD.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathogenesis. Today more and more studies are focusing on microbiota-gut-brain axis searching the causes of neurodegenerative ...and neuroinflammatory processes.The aim of our study is to determine the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and clinical manifestations of PD.Materials and methods. We examined 89 patients with a PD diagnosis. Clinical assessment was performed including medical history collection, rating disease stage using Hoehn and Yahr scale. Motor and nonmotor symptoms as well as possible complication were examined using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. In addition, patients were asked to fill in Parkinson’s Well-Being Map and defecation diary that included Bristol scale. DNA isolation was performed in accordance with the method described. Preparation of libraries and amplicon sequencing of marker variable region V3–V4 of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was performed with MiSeq device (Illumina, USA) according to manufacturer’s standard protocol. Filtering readings by quality and their taxonomic classification were carried out using QIIME version 1.9.0 software. The assessment of statistical differences in abundance of taxonomic units among the groups of patients was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.1 software.As a result, we have identified significant differences in the abundance of seven genera among the groups of patients with different forms of the disease. We identified about 40 genera constituting 54.8% of the intestinal microbiota, that had a correlation with the clinical manifestations of the disease. These microorganisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of PD and, thus, require more clinical research in the light of emerging new methods of altering microbiotic composition by correcting dysbiosis to improve disease management and outcome.
The effectiveness of a self regulation technique based on the biological feedback (BFB) has been studied during treatment in patients with Parkinson's desease. The specific recommendations for ...patients with Parkinson's desease have been determined taking into account an appearance of the distinctive symptoms. The treatment method based on the BFB has been realized. The controllable physiological signals both electrocardiography and electromyography have been used in this method. The rehabilitation psycho-physiological complex “Reakor” has been used for the treatment and diagnostic procedures as well. The statistical analysis of the effectiveness of the self regulation method was performed. It has been shown the combination of medication and biofeedback training aids in the normalization of personal emotional parameters.
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