Multiple regression is one of the most powerful analysis techniques available to hospitality and tourism researchers for complex problems that may include prediction, mediation, and moderation. The ...interpretation of the results requires a two-step hierarchical approach. The first step is to determine whether the researcher has findings worth interpreting and reporting and the second step is to determine the effect(s) origins. This second step involves evaluating both the
-weights and structure coefficients. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of
-weights and structure coefficients while reporting univariate multiple regression results by hospitality and tourism researchers. The findings suggested that while researchers reported
-weights, structure coefficients were not consulted. Additionally, although
-weights were reported, they were misinterpreted in some cases. This study is helpful to hospitality management researchers as they interpret their findings as well as conduct peer reviews.
α-particle emitters are emerging as a potent modality for disseminated cancer therapy because of their high linear energy transfer and localized absorbed dose profile. Despite great interest and ...pharmaceutical development, there is scant information on the distribution of these agents at the scale of the α-particle pathlength. We sought to determine the distribution of clinically approved
RaRaCl
in bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer at this resolution, for the first time to our knowledge, to inform activity distribution and dose at the near-cell scale.
Biopsy specimens and blood were collected from 7 patients 24 h after administration.
Ra activity in each sample was recorded, and the microstructure of biopsy specimens was analyzed by micro-CT. Quantitative autoradiography and histopathology were segmented and registered with an automated procedure. Activity distributions by tissue compartment and dosimetry calculations based on the MIRD formalism were performed.
We revealed the activity distribution differences across and within patient samples at the macro- and microscopic scales. Microdistribution analysis confirmed localized high-activity regions in a background of low-activity tissue. We evaluated heterogeneous α-particle emission distribution concentrated at bone-tissue interfaces and calculated spatially nonuniform absorbed-dose profiles.
Primary patient data of radiopharmaceutical therapy distribution at the small scale revealed that
Ra uptake is nonuniform. Dose estimates present both opportunities and challenges to enhance patient outcomes and are a first step toward personalized treatment approaches and improved understanding of α-particle radiopharmaceutical therapies.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Although several approaches have been developed to provide comprehensive care for persons living with dementia (PWD) and their family or friend caregivers, the relative ...effectiveness and cost effectiveness of community‐based dementia care (CBDC) versus health system–based dementia care (CBDC) and the effectiveness of both approaches compared with usual care (UC) are unknown.
DESIGN
Pragmatic randomized three‐arm superiority trial. The unit of randomization is the PWD/caregiver dyad.
SETTING
Four clinical trial sites (CTSs) based in academic and clinical health systems.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 2,150 English‐ or Spanish‐speaking PWD who are not receiving hospice or residing in a nursing home and their caregivers.
INTERVENTIONS
Eighteen months of (1) HSDC provided by a nurse practitioner or physician's assistant dementia care specialist who works within the health system, or (2) CBDC provided by a social worker or nurse care consultant who works at a community‐based organization, or (3) UC with as needed referral to the Alzheimer's Association Helpline.
MEASUREMENTS
Primary outcomes: PWD behavioral symptoms and caregiver distress as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) Severity and Modified Caregiver Strain Index scales. Secondary outcomes: NPI‐Q Distress, caregiver unmet needs and confidence, and caregiver depressive symptoms. Tertiary outcomes: PWD long‐term nursing home placement rates, caregiver‐reported PWD functional status, cognition, goal attainment, “time spent at home,” Dementia Burden Scale‐Caregiver, a composite measure of clinical benefit, Quality of Life of persons with dementia, Positive Aspects of Caregiving, and cost effectiveness using intervention costs and Medicare claims.
RESULTS
The results will be reported in the spring of 2024.
CONCLUSION
D‐CARE will address whether emphasis on clinical support and tighter integration with other medical services has greater benefit than emphasis on social support that is tied more closely to community resources. It will also assess the effectiveness of both interventions compared with UC and will evaluate the cost effectiveness of each intervention.
Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in innate immunity and in bridging innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infection. However, the response of NK cells to monkeypox virus ...(MPXV) infection is not well characterized. In this intravenous challenge study of MPXV infection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we analyzed blood and lymph node NK cell changes in absolute cell numbers, cell proliferation, chemokine receptor expression, and cellular functions. Our results showed that the absolute number of total NK cells in the blood increased in response to MPXV infection at a magnitude of 23-fold, manifested by increases in CD56+, CD16+, CD16-CD56- double negative, and CD16+CD56+ double positive NK cell subsets. Similarly, the frequency and NK cell numbers in the lymph nodes also largely increased with the total NK cell number increasing 46.1-fold. NK cells both in the blood and lymph nodes massively proliferated in response to MPXV infection as measured by Ki67 expression. Chemokine receptor analysis revealed reduced expression of CXCR3, CCR7, and CCR6 on NK cells at early time points (days 2 and 4 after virus inoculation), followed by an increased expression of CXCR3 and CCR5 at later time points (days 7-8) of infection. In addition, MPXV infection impaired NK cell degranulation and ablated secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our data suggest a dynamic model by which NK cells respond to MPXV infection of rhesus macaques. Upon virus infection, NK cells proliferated robustly, resulting in massive increases in NK cell numbers. However, the migrating capacity of NK cells to tissues at early time points might be reduced, and the functions of cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion were largely compromised. Collectively, the data may explain, at least partially, the pathogenesis of MPXV infection in rhesus macaques.
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether baseline social participation modifies the effect of a long-term structured physical activity (PA) program on major mobility disability (MMD).
Methods
1,635 ...sedentary adults (70–89 years) with physical limitations were randomized to either a structured PA or health education (HE) intervention. Social participation was defined categorically at baseline. High social participation was defined as attending organized group functions at least once per week and visiting with noncohabitating friends and family ≥7 hr per week. Anything less was considered limited social participation. Participants performed a standardized walking test at baseline and every 6 months for up to 42 months. MMD was defined as the loss in the ability to walk 400 m.
Results
There was a significant intervention by social participation interaction (p = .003). Among individuals with high levels of social participation, those randomized to PA had significantly lower incidence of MMD (hazard ratio HR, 0.43 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27–0.68; p < .01) than those randomized to HE. Individuals with limited social participation showed no mobility benefit of the PA intervention when compared with their HE counterparts (HR, 0.92 95% CI, 0.77–1.11; p = .40).
Discussion
Our findings suggest that baseline social participation is an important factor for the success of a PA intervention aimed at delaying mobility disability.
Objective: Dynamic Optimal Timing (Dot) is a smartphone
application (app) that estimates the menstrual cycle fertile window based on the
user's menstrual period start dates. Dot uses machine learning ...to adapt to cycles over
time and informs users of 'low' and 'high' fertility days. We
investigated Dot's effectiveness, calculating perfect- and typical-use failure
rates.
Methods: This prospective, 13 cycle observational study
(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02833922) followed 718 women who were using Dot to prevent
pregnancy. Participants contributed 6616 cycles between February 2017 and October 2018,
providing data on menstrual period start dates, daily sexual activity and prospective intent to
prevent pregnancy. We determined pregnancy through participant-administered urine pregnancy
tests and/or written or verbal confirmation. We calculated perfect- and typical-use failure
rates using multi-censoring, single-decrement life-table analysis, and conducted sensitivity,
attrition and survival analyses.
Results: The perfect-use failure rate was calculated to be 1.0%
(95% confidence interval CI: 0.9%, 2.9%) and the
typical-use failure rate was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.57%, 8.09%) for women aged 18-39
(n = 718). Survival analyses identified no
significant differences among age or racial/ethnic groups or women in different types of
relationships. Attrition analyses revealed no significant sociodemographic differences, except
in age, between women completing 13 cycles and those exiting the study earlier.
Conclusion: Dot's effectiveness is within the range of other
user-initiated contraceptive methods.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02833922.
Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a trending new standard for genotypic HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) testing. Many NGS HIVDR data analysis pipelines have been independently developed, each with ...variable outputs and data management protocols. Standardization of such analytical methods and comparison of available pipelines are lacking, yet may impact subsequent HIVDR interpretation and other downstream applications. Here we compared the performance of five NGS HIVDR pipelines using proficiency panel samples from NIAID Virology Quality Assurance (VQA) program. Ten VQA panel specimens were genotyped by each of six international laboratories using their own in-house NGS assays. Raw NGS data were then processed using each of the five different pipelines including HyDRA, MiCall, PASeq, Hivmmer and DEEPGEN. All pipelines detected amino acid variants (AAVs) at full range of frequencies (1~100%) and demonstrated good linearity as compared to the reference frequency values. While the sensitivity in detecting low abundance AAVs, with frequencies between 1~20%, is less a concern for all pipelines, their specificity dramatically decreased at AAV frequencies <2%, suggesting that 2% threshold may be a more reliable reporting threshold for ensured specificity in AAV calling and reporting. More variations were observed among the pipelines when low abundance AAVs are concerned, likely due to differences in their NGS read quality control strategies. Findings from this study highlight the need for standardized strategies for NGS HIVDR data analysis, especially for the detection of minority HIVDR variants.
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