ABSTRACT
We study the clustering property and physical parameters of gzK-colour-selected star-forming galaxies (sgzKs) based on the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope surveys over 0.55 deg2 in the AKARI ...North Ecliptic Pole-Deep Field. Two-point correlation functions for two magnitude-limited cases, Ks < 21.1 (N = 234) and Ks < 21.5 (N = 428), are estimated using a single power-law function with the fixed slope of 0.8. The bias factors of sgzKs with Ks < 21.1 and 21.5 are 5.79 ± 1.07 and 4.00 ± 0.67, respectively, representing that sgzKs with z ∼ 1.7 reside in dark matter haloes more massive than $10^{13} ~\rm M_{\odot }$. We find that haloes hosting sgzKs with Ks < 21.5 evolve into haloes that host local massive galaxies with ∼6 L*. This suggests that sgzKs with Ks < 21.5 are likely to be predecessors of local massive galaxies. The evolutionary track of bias factor for host haloes of the bright sgzKs is similar to that of the bright passive extremely red objects, implying a possible connection between the two populations of galaxies. From the spectral energy distribution fitting, we estimate physical parameters and active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution for 75 mid-infrared (MIR)-detected sgzKs with Ks < 21.5. The median values of stellar mass and star formation rate are 9.5 × 1010$\rm M_{\odot }$ and 162 $\rm M_{\odot }$ yr−1, respectively. MIR-detected sgzKs have a variety of AGN contributions ranging from 0 to 80 per cent. The number ratio of sgzKs with larger AGN contribution than 10 per cent is 30 per cent.
In recent years, the global epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has changed rapidly.
We described the updated global IBD epidemiology results based on the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, ...Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD).
We estimated the prevalence rate, death rate, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from GBD 2019 in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019.
The crude prevalence of IBD increased by 47% in 2019 globally. Accordingly, the age-standardized prevalence rate showed 19% decrease. The age-standardized death rates, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs of IBD in 2019 decreased compared to those in 1990. The annual percentage change in age-standardized prevalence rate decreased most in United States and increased in East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific from 1990 to 2019. Continents with high socioeconomic index (SDI) had higher age-standardized prevalence rates compared to continents with low SDI. The 2019 age-standardized prevalence rate of high latitudes was higher than that of low latitudes in Asia, Europe, and North America.
The observed trends and geographic variations in IBD documented in the 2019 GBD study will aid policymakers in policy, research, and investment development.
Abstract The prominent chemical bath deposition (CBD) method leverages tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), achieving exceptional efficiency. ...The deposition of SnO 2 , however, can lead to the formation of oxygen vacancies and surface defects, which subsequently contribute to performance challenges such as hysteresis and instability under light‐soaking conditions. To alleviate these issues, it is crucial to address heterointerface defects and ensure the uniform coverage of SnO 2 on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates. Herein, the efficacy of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl 4 ) post‐treatment in enhancing the properties of the SnO 2 ‐ETL and the performances of PSCs are presented. The treatment with SnCl 4 not only removes undesired agglomerated SnO 2 nanoparticles from the surface of CBD SnO 2 but also improves its crystallinity through a recrystallization process. This leads to an optimized interface between the SnO 2 ‐ETL and perovskite, effectively minimizing defects while promoting efficient electron transport. The resultant PSCs demonstrate improved performance, achieving an efficiency of 25.56% (certified with 24.92%), while retaining 95.84% of the initial PCE under ambient storage conditions. Additionally, PSCs treated with SnCl 4 endure prolonged light‐soaking tests, particularly when subjected to quasi‐steady‐state‐IV measurements. This highlights the potential of SnCl 4 treatment as a promising strategy for advancing PSC technology.
ABSTRACT
We present the multiwavelength counterparts of 850-$\mu$m selected submillimetre sources over a 2-deg2 field centred on the North Ecliptic Pole. In order to overcome the large beam size (15 ...arcsec) of the 850-$\mu$m images, deep optical to near-infrared (NIR) photometric data and arcsecond-resolution 20-cm images are used to identify counterparts of submillimetre sources. Among 647 sources, we identify 514 reliable counterparts for 449 sources (69 per cent in number), based either on probabilities of chance associations calculated from positional offsets or offsets combined with the optical-to-NIR colours. In the radio imaging, the fraction of 850-$\mu$m sources having multiple counterparts is 7 per cent. The photometric redshift, infrared luminosity, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and the active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to the total infrared luminosity of the identified counterparts are investigated through spectral energy distribution fitting. The SMGs are infrared-luminous galaxies at an average 〈z〉 = 2.5 with log10(LIR/L⊙) = 11.5–13.5, with a mean stellar mass of log10(Mstar/M⊙) = 10.90 and SFR of $\mathrm{log}_{10} (\mathrm{SFR/M_\odot \, yr^{-1}})=2.34$. The submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) show twice as large SFR as galaxies on the star-forming main sequence, and about 40 per cent of the SMGs are classified as objects with bursty star formation. At z ≥ 4, the contribution of AGN luminosity to total luminosity for most SMGs is larger than 30 per cent. The FIR-to-radio correlation coefficient of SMGs is consistent with that of main-sequence galaxies at z ≃ 2.
Reverberation mapping (RM) is an efficient method to investigate the physical sizes of the broad line region (BLR) and dusty torus in an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The Spectro-Photometer for the ...History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) mission will provide multi-epoch spectroscopic data at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. These data can be used for RM experiments with bright AGNs. We present results of a feasibility test using SPHEREx data in the SPHEREx deep regions for torus RM measurements. We investigate the physical properties of bright AGNs in the SPHEREx deep field. Based on this information, we compute the efficiency of detecting torus time lags in simulated light curves. We demonstrate that, in combination with complementary optical data with a depth of ~20 mag in B-band, lags of ≤ 750 days for tori can be measured for more than ~ 200 bright AGNs. If high signal-to-noise ratio photometric data with a depth of ~21-22 mag are available, RM measurements are possible for up to ~ 900 objects. When complemented by well-designed early optical observations, SPHEREx can provide a unique dataset for studies of the physical properties of dusty tori in bright AGNs. KCI Citation Count: 2
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Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a critical tumor suppressor complex responsible for the inactivation of various oncogenes. Recently, PP2A reactivation has emerged asan anticancer ...strategy. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, is upregulated in many cancer cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We demonstrated that the antihelminthic drug niclosamide inhibited the expression of CIP2A and reactivated the tumor suppressor PP2A in NSCLC cells. We performed a drug-repurposing screen and identified niclosamide asa CIP2A suppressor in NSCLC cells. Niclosamide inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction through increased mitochondrial ROS production in NSCLC cells; however, these effects were rescued by CIP2A overexpression, which indicated that the antitumor activity of niclosamide was dependent on CIP2A. We found that niclosamide increased PP2A activity through CIP2A inhibition, which reduced the phosphorylation of several oncogenic proteins. Moreover, we found that a niclosamide analog inhibited CIP2A expression and increased PP2A activity in several types of NSCLC cells. Finally, we showed that other well-known PP2A activators, including forskolin and FTY720, did not inhibit CIP2A and that their activities were not dependent on CIP2A. Collectively, our data suggested that niclosamide effectively suppressed CIP2A expression and subsequently activated PP2A in NSCLC cells. This provided strong evidence for the potential use of niclosamide asa PP2A-activating drug in the clinical treatment of NSCLC.
Abstract Surface passivation has been widely employed to suppress non‐radiative charge recombination and prevent interfacial charge accumulation in perovskite photovoltaics. In this report, carbazole ...modified with ammonium iodide connected via alkyl chains of different lengths (i.e., ethyl, butyl, and hexyl chains) is used to form passivation layers on formamidinium lead triiodide FAPbI 3 ‐based perovskite films to improve operational stability. Owing to the strong hydrophobicity of the carbazole moiety, it is observed that the perovskite films with a carbazole passivation layer retain their initial properties even after direct contact with a water droplet for 100 s. In addition, carbazole treatment reduces the rate of trap‐assisted recombination at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite layer. Furthermore, it accelerates interfacial hole transfer from the perovskite to the charge transport layer. As a result, devices treated with carbazole hexylammonium iodide achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 24.3% during quasi‐steady‐state (QSS) measurements with extraordinary long‐term operational stability under conditions of the ISOS‐L‐1 protocol, maintaining 95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h.
Abstract
We perform a deep, wide-field imaging survey of nearby galaxies using H
α
and broadband filters to investigate the characteristics of star formation in galaxies. Motivated by the finding ...that star formation rates (SFRs) derived from H
α
fluxes in dwarf galaxies are systematically lower than those inferred from far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluxes, we attempt to determine whether the same trend exists in the extended disks of two star-forming galaxies. We perform spatially resolved photometry using grid-shaped apertures to measure the FUV and H
α
fluxes of star-forming regions. We also perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fittings using 11 photometric data points (FUV-to-MIR), including data from the literature, to estimate the local properties such as internal attenuation of individual star-forming clumps. Comparing SFR
FUV
and SFR
H
α
, which are converted from the H
α
and FUV fluxes corrected for the local properties, we find that SFR
H
α
/SFR
FUV
tend to decrease as the SFR decreases. We evaluate possible causes of this discrepancy between the two SFRs by restricting parameters in the SED fitting and conclude that deficient H
α
fluxes in the extended disks of galaxies are tightly correlated with recent starbursts. The strong and short starburst, which has been rapidly suppressed over the last 10 Myr, seems to induce a significant discrepancy between the SFR
H
α
and SFR
FUV
. In addition, the recent bursts in the extended disks of galaxies appear to have occurred azimuth-symmetrically, implying that these were likely triggered by gas accretion or internal processes rather than external perturbation.
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing demand for deep imaging surveys to investigate the history of the mass assembly of galaxies in detail by examining the remnants of mergers and accretions, ...both of which have very low surface brightness (LSB). In addition, the nature of star formation in LSB regions, such as galaxy outer disks, is also an intriguing topic in terms of understanding the physical mechanisms of disk evolution. To address these issues, this study conducted a survey project, called the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network Nearby Galaxy Survey, to construct a deep imaging data set of nearby galaxies in the southern hemisphere. It provides deep and wide-field images with a field of view of ∼12 deg
2
for 13 nearby galaxies drawn from the Carnegie–Irvine Galaxy Survey catalog in optical broad bands (
BRI
) and an H
α
narrow band. Through a dedicated data reduction, the surface brightness limit in 10″ × 10″ boxes was found to reach as deep as
μ
1
σ
∼ 29–31 mag arcsec
−2
in the optical broad bands and
f
1
σ
∼ 1–2 × 10
−18
erg s
−1
cm
−2
arcsec
−2
in the H
α
narrow band. To conclude the paper, several possible scientific applications for this data set are described.
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