A
bstract
We consider extended scalar sectors of the Standard Model as ultraviolet complete motivations for studying the effective Higgs self-interaction operators of the Standard Model effective ...field theory. We investigate all motivated heavy scalar models which generate the dimension-six effective operator, |
H
|
6
, at tree level and proceed to identify the full set of tree-level dimension-six operators by integrating out the heavy scalars. Of seven models which generate |
H
|
6
at tree level only two, quadruplets of hypercharge
Y
= 3
Y
H
and
Y
=
Y
H
, generate only this operator. Next we perform global fits to constrain relevant Wilson coefficients from the LHC single Higgs measurements as well as the electroweak oblique parameters
S
and
T
. We find that the
T
parameter puts very strong constraints on the Wilson coefficient of the |
H
|
6
operator in the triplet and quadruplet models, while the singlet and doublet models could still have Higgs self-couplings which deviate significantly from the standard model prediction. To determine the extent to which the |
H
|
6
operator could be constrained, we study the di-Higgs signatures at the future 100 TeV collider and explore future sensitivity of this operator. Projected onto the Higgs potential parameters of the extended scalar sectors, with 30 ab
−1
luminosity data we will be able to explore the Higgs potential parameters in all seven models.
Kinetic energy density (KED) plays a fundamental role in density functional theory, chemical bonding, etc. As a basic quantity, its definition is ambiguous, which will inevitably exert unpredictable ...adverse effects on application. We derive another form of local total energy density (ED) and KED based on the perturbation theory. Contrary to popular belief, our study reveals that energy is only distributed inside the potential well and exactly fills the entire potential well. It seems that the ambiguity of the quantum definition of total ED is eliminable by the stability of energy distribution, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between this form of KED and total ED. As a result, the ambiguity of the KED is also eliminable. Moreover, this new form of local KED 'selectively' agrees well with the key regions of other commonly used ones. However, it is much less localized than other forms. Its locality features imply that it may provide a native way to describe the strong correlation and the van der Waals interactions.
We present a complete and independent list of the dimension-nine operator basis in the Standard Model effective field theory by an automatic algorithm based on the amplitude-operator correspondence. ...A complete basis (Y-basis) is first constructed by enumerating the Young tableau of an auxiliary SU(N) group and the gauge groups, with the equation-of-motion and integration-by-part redundancies all removed. In the presence of repeated fields, another basis (P-basis) with explicit flavor symmetries among them is derived from the Y-basis, which further induces a basis of independent monomial operators through a systematic process called desymmetrization. Our form of operators has advantages over the traditional way of presenting operators constrained by flavor relations, in the simplicity of both eliminating flavor redundancies and identifying independent flavor-specified operators. We list the 90456 (560) operators for three (one) generations of fermions, all of which violate baryon number or lepton number conservation; among them we find new violation patterns as ΔB = 2 and ΔL = 3, which only appear at the dimensions d ≥ 9.
A
bstract
We obtain the complete and independent bases of effective operators at mass dimension 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in both standard model effective field theory with light sterile right-handed neutrinos (
...ν
SMEFT) and low energy effective field theory with light sterile neutrinos (
ν
LEFT). These theories provide systematical parametrizations on all possible Lorentz-invariant physical effects involving in the Majorana/Dirac neutrinos, with/without the lepton number violations. In the
ν
SMEFT, we find that there are 2 (18), 29 (1614), 80 (4206), 323 (20400), 1358 (243944) independent operators with sterile neutrinos included at the dimension 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for one (three) generation of fermions, while 24, 5223, 3966, 25425, 789426 independent operators in the
ν
LEFT for two generations of up-type quarks and three generations of all other fermions.
We uncover a negative relation between herding behavior and skill in the mutual fund industry. Our new, dynamic measure of fund-level herding captures the tendency of fund managers to follow the ...trades of the institutional crowd. We find that herding funds underperform their antiherding peers by over 2% per year. Differences in skill drive this performance gap: Antiherding funds make superior investment decisions even on stocks not heavily traded by institutions, and can anticipate the trades of the crowd; furthermore, the herding-antiherding performance gap is persistent, wider when skill is more valuable, and larger among managers with stronger career concerns.
The introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules is of paramount importance in modern synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. While methods for constructing C(sp2)−CF3 bonds ...have been well established, the advancement of practical and comprehensive approaches for forming C(sp3)−CF3 bonds remains considerably restricted. In this work, we describe an efficient and site‐specific deaminative trifluoromethylation reaction of aliphatic primary amines to afford the corresponding alkyl trifluoromethyl compounds. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with readily accessible N‐anomeric amide (Levin's reagent) and bench‐stable bpyCu(CF3)3 (Grushin's reagent, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) under blue light. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the method can be applied to the direct, late‐stage trifluoromethylation of natural products and bioactive molecules. Experimental mechanistic studies were conducted, and a radical mechanism is proposed, wherein the dual roles of Grushin's reagent have been elucidated.
A direct deaminative trifluoromethylation of inactivated aliphatic primary amines with N‐anomeric amide (Levin's reagent) and bench‐stable bpyCu(CF3)3 (Grushin's reagent, bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) under blue light irradiation is reported. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance and can be applied to the direct, late‐stage trifluoromethylation of natural products and bioactive molecules.
Motivated by the absence of dark matter signals in direct detection experiments and the discovery of gravitational waves (GWs) at aLIGO, we discuss the possibility to explore a generic classes of ...scalar dark matter models using the complementary searches via phase transition GWs and the future lepton collider signatures. We focus on the inert scalar multiplet dark matter models and the mixed inert scalar dark matter models, which could undergo a strong first-order phase transition during the evolution of the early universe, and might produce detectable phase transition GW signals at future GW experiments, such as LISA, DECIGO and BBO. We find that the future GW signature, together with the collider signature at future lepton collider, could further explore the model’s blind spot parameter region, at which the dark matter-Higgs coupling is identically zero, thus avoiding the dark matter spin-independent direct detection constraints.
A
bstract
We investigate a simplified freeze-in dark-matter model in which the dark matter only interacts with the standard-model neutrinos via a light scalar. The extremely small coupling for the ...freeze-in mechanism is naturally realized in several neutrino-portal scenarios with the secret neutrino interactions. We study possible evolution history of the hidden sector: the dark sector would undergo pure freeze-in production if the interactions between the dark-sector particles are negligible, while thermal equilibrium within the dark sector could occur if the reannihilation of the dark matter and the scalar mediator is rapid enough. We investigate the relic abundance in the freeze-in and dark freeze-out regimes, calculate evolution of the dark temperature, and study its phenomenological aspects on BBN and CMB constraints, the indirect-detection signature, as well as the potential to solve the small scale structure problem.
A
bstract
We obtain the complete operator bases at mass dimensions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for the low energy effective field theory (LEFT), which parametrize various physics effects between the QCD scale and ...the electroweak scale. The independence of the operator basis regarding the equation of motion, integration by parts and flavor relations, is guaranteed by our algorithm 1, 2, whose validity for the LEFT with massive fermions involved is proved by a generalization of the amplitude-operator correspondence. At dimension 8 and 9, we list the 35058 (756) and 704584 (3686) operators for three (one) generations of fermions categorized by their baryon and lepton number violations (∆
B
, ∆
L
), as these operators are of most phenomenological relevance.
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