A flexible and stable power supply is essential to the rapid development of wearable electronic devices. In this work, a transparent, flexible, temperature-stable and ionogel electrode-based ...self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator (IS-TENG) was developed. The ionogel with excellent stretchability (1,012%), high ionic conductivity (0.3 S·m
−1
) and high-temperature stability (temperature range of −77 to 250 °C) was used as the electrode of the IS-TENG. The IS-TENG exhibited excellent transparency (92.1%) and stability. The output performance did not decrease when placed in a 60 °C oven for 48 h. In addition, the IS-TENG behaved like a stable output in the range of −20 to 60 °C. More importantly, the IS-TENG could also achieve self-healing of electrical performance at temperatures between −20 and 60 °C and its output can be restored to its original state after healing. When the single-electrode IS-TENG with an area of 3 cm × 3 cm was conducted under the working frequency of 1.5 Hz, the output values for open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, short-circuit transferred charge, and maximum peak power density were 189 V, 6.2 µA, 57 nC, and 2.17 W·m
−2
, respectively. The IS-TENG enables to harvest biomechanical energy, and drive electronic devices. Furthermore, the application of IS-TENGs as self-driven sensors for detecting human behavior was also demonstrated, showing good application prospects in the field of wearable power technology and self-driven sensing.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to regulate the incidence of tumor by regulating the transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level of tumor-related genes, and are significantly ...correlated with tumor metastasis and progression. CircRNA_100395 (circ_100395) has been reported to suppress lung cancer cell proliferation, and might act as an oncogene in deveopment of various cancers. However, the expression and function of circ_100395 in ovarian cancer has not been systematically researched.
The expression of circ_100395 in ovarian cancer tissues was detected by Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), while the relationship between circ_100395 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was further analyzed. After increasing the expression of circ_100395 by plasmid transfection in ovarian cancer cells, we further investigated the cell proliferation, invasion and migration by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and Transwell assays. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was also measured by western blotting. In addition, the relationship among circ_100395, miR-1228 and p53 in ovarian cancer, was explored by luciferase reporter assay.
The expression of circ_100395 was found to be significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer, while low expression of circ_100395 was highly correlated with the poor outcomes. In addition, upregulation of circ_100395 could significantly inhibit tumor growth, metastasis and EMT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the expression level of circ_100395 was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-1228, and with the addition of miR-1228 could reverse anti-cell proliferation effect induced by circ_100395 in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, p53 might be the key target of circ_100395 / miR-1228 axis in ovarian cancer.
CircRNA_100395 could inhibit cell growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells via regulating the miR-1228/p53/EMT axis.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells. Although therapeutic advances have been made to improve clinical outcomes and to prolong ...patients' survival in the past two decades, MM remains largely incurable. Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a powerful method to dissect the cellular and molecular landscape at single-cell resolution, instead of providing averaged results. The application of single-cell technologies promises to address outstanding questions in myeloma biology and has revolutionized our understanding of the inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, and mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in MM. In this review, we summarize the recently developed SCS methodologies and latest MM research progress achieved by single-cell profiling, including information regarding the cancer and immune cell landscapes, tumor heterogeneities, underlying mechanisms and biomarkers associated with therapeutic response and resistance. We also discuss future directions of applying transformative SCS approaches with contribution to clinical translation.
When designing some functions in thin film systems, one of the key concepts is the structure of the constituent layers and interfaces. In an actual system, the layers and interfaces are often ...inhomogeneous in different scales, from hundreds of microns to several nanometers, causing differences in properties, despite very similar average structures. In this case, the choice of the observation point is critical to clarify the problem. Another critical aspect is the identification of these points by surveying the entire inhomogeneous thin film system. This article presents a description of a novel promising solution that is suitable for nondestructive visualization of inhomogeneous buried layers and interfaces in thin films. Such observations have been impossible until now. In this investigation, a unique extension of neutron reflectometry is proposed. While conventional neutron reflectivity just gives average depth-profiling of the scattering length density of layered thin films, the present method provides full picture of the inhomogeneity. In general, achieving a high spatial-resolving power for neutron scattering is not straightforward because the neutron counts become fairly limited at the sample or the detector position when the beam size is reduced. As a result, XY scanning of a sample with a small neutron beam is fairly difficult because of the required long measurement time. To address these issues, new concepts have been introduced for neutron reflectivity. The proposed method uses a wide beam instead of reducing the beam size. In addition, it measures the projection reflection profile instead of the total integrated intensity. These profiles are collected at a set of different in-plane angles. Similar to computed tomography, it is possible to obtain the specimen's two-dimensional (2D) neutron reflectivity distribution as one image. Because the spatial resolution is limited by the detection method, a Hadamard coded mask is employed to measure the reflection projection with only 50% loss of the primary neutron intensity. When the time-of-flight (ToF) mode is used for the neutron experiment, one can obtain many images as a function of ToF, i.e., the wavevector transfer. Such series of images can be displayed as a video. This indicates that the neutron reflectivity profiles of local points can be retrieved from the above video images. This paper presents the first report on the development of neutron reflectivity with imaging capability, and the analysis of local points in inhomogeneous layered thin-films without utilizing a small neutron beam. In the present work, the feasibility of the proposed method with approximately 1 mm spatial resolution was examined. In addition, further improvements of the approach are discussed. It is anticipated that this technique will facilitate new opportunities in the study of buried function interfaces.
Recently, the authors have succeeded in realizing X‐ray reflectivity imaging of heterogeneous ultrathin films at specific wavevector transfers by applying a wide parallel beam and an area detector. ...By combining in‐plane angle and grazing‐incidence angle scans, it is possible to reconstruct a series of interface‐sensitive X‐ray reflectivity images at different grazing‐incidence angles (proportional to wavevector transfers). The physical meaning of a reconstructed X‐ray reflectivity image at a specific wavevector transfer is the two‐dimensional reflectivity distribution of the sample. In this manner, it is possible to retrieve the micro‐X‐ray reflectivity (where the pixel size is on the microscale) profiles at different local positions on the sample.
This article describes interface‐sensitive imaging of heterogeneous thin films by an image reconstruction aided X‐ray reflectivity technique with an 8 mm‐wide parallel beam; the possibility of extracting micro‐X‐ray reflectivity profiles from the same data collection is discussed.
At grazing incidence, neutrons are reflected by a flat smooth surface. Neutron reflectivity is known as a promising tool for precise and non-destructive analysis of buried layers and interfaces of ...thin films. On the other hand, studying inhomogeneous samples, which is quite often the case in practice with thin films, has been a big challenge, mainly because of the difficulty in obtaining a small neutron beam without significant intensity loss. The present research examines an alternative efficient way to provide spatial resolution in neutron reflectivity without the use of any micro beam and/or any high-resolution position sensitive neutron detector. It has been demonstrated for the first time that the reflectogram, which is a projection at grazing incidence along a neutron's propagation direction, can be obtained by use of a Hadamard coded mask and a conventional point detector such as a 3He detector. This suggests that neutron reflectivity imaging will be realized by collecting further reflectograms as a function of in-plane rotation angles.
Adoptive transfer of T cell receptor (TCR)‐engineered T cells targeting viral epitopes represents a promising approach for treating virus‐related cancers. However, the efficient identification of ...epitopes for T cells and the corresponding TCR remains challenging. Here, we report a workflow permitting the rapid generation of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐specific TCR‐T cells. Six epitopes of viral proteins belonged to HPV16 or HPV18 were predicted to have high affinity to A11:01 according to bioinformatic analysis. Subsequently, CTL induction were performed with these six antigen peptides separately, and antigen‐specific T cells were sorted by FACS. TCR clonotypes of these virus‐specific T cells were determined using next‐generation sequencing. To improve the efficiency of TCRαβ pair validation, a lentiviral vector library containing 116 TCR constructs was generated that consisted of predominant TCRs according to TCR repertoire analysis. Later, TCR library transduced T cells were simulated with peptide pool‐pulsed antigen‐presenting cells, then CD137‐positive cells were sorted and subjected to TCR repertoire analysis. The top‐hit TCRs and corresponding antigen peptides were deduced and validated. Through this workflow, a TCR targeting the E692–101 of HPV16 was identified. These HPV16‐specific TCR‐T cells showed high activity towards HPV16‐positive human cervical cancer cells in vitro and efficiently repressed tumor growth in a murine model. This study provides a HPV16‐specific TCR fitted to the HLA‐A11:01 population, and exemplifies an efficient approach that can be applied in large‐scale screening of virus‐specific TCRs, further encouraging researchers to exploit the therapeutic potential of the TCR‐T cell technique in treating virus‐related cancers.
This study provides a HPV16‐specific TCR fitted to HLA‐A11:01 population, and exemplifies an efficient approach which can be applied in large‐scale screen of virus‐specific TCRs, further encouraging researchers to exploit the therapeutic potential of TCR‐T cell technique in treating virus‐related cancers.
In this study, X80 pipeline steel is prepared with different Nb contents through the thermo-mechanically controlled rolling process. The effects of using two different Nb contents on the impact ...toughness and microstructure of the pipeline steel are examined using various experimental techniques. The results show that with the increase in Nb content, the transformation temperature Ar3 decreases, and the nucleation and growth of bainitic ferrite with lath features (LB) are promoted, while those of granular bainite (GB) are inhibited. In addition, the stability of the austenite phase increases with the increase in Nb content. Therefore, the volume fractions of LB and martensite–austenite (M/A) constituents increase, while the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) decreases. The impact energy of pipeline steel at −45 °C is closely related to the Nb content. Specifically, the impact energy decreases from 217 J at 0.05 wt.% Nb to 88 J at 0.08 wt.% Nb. The cracks are preferentially formed near the M/A constituents, and the HAGBs significantly inhibit the crack propagation. The steel with 0.05 wt.% Nb has a lower content of M/A constituents and a higher proportion of HAGBs than the one with 0.08 wt.% Nb. In addition, as the Nb content increases, the crack initiation energy and the crack propagation energy decrease. Thus, the 0.05 wt.% Nb steel has a higher low-temperature impact energy.
Triboelectric sensors emerged as a new promising sensor several years ago for their high sensitivity, low cost, and zero power consumption. Its capability of realizing various sensing without ...consuming external power offers a new strategy for promoting the internet of healthcare. Several triboelectric sensors have been used for healthcare monitoring. Such as eye fatigue, pulse, blood pressure, human motion, etc. Various healthcare monitoring devices on the human body help build the internet of healthcare. In this perspective, first, the introduction of triboelectric sensors is proposed. Then, the current healthcare electronics enabled by the triboelectric sensor are discussed. Third, future requirements for the triboelectric sensor are proposed. Finally, future methods for the triboelectric sensor to build the internet of healthcare are discussed.
Triboelectric sensor emerges as a new promising sensor several years ago for its high sensitivity, low cost, and zero power consumption. The capability of realizing various sensing without consuming external power offers a new strategy for promoting the internet of healthcare.
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