The compounds reducing tumor cell viability and disrupting DNA topoisomerase reactions have been widely used in anticancer drug development. Ellipticine (5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido4,3-bcarbazole) is a ...potent intercalating agent that interferes with nucleic acid processing through interaction with DNA topoisomerase II. Although ellipticine is a well-characterized compound, it is not a widely-accepted drug due to the adverse effects detected upon administration. We have previously reported two novel ellipticine derivatives, N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticine (ET-1) and 2-methyl-N-methyl-5-demethyl ellipticinium iodide (ET-2) as potent compounds targeting DNA topoisomerase II. This study covers an extended synthesis, characterization, and activity data for five new salts of N-methyl 5-demetyl ellipticine (Z-1, Z-2, Z-4, Z-5 and Z-6) having several organic halides and their effects on human topoisomerase II enzymes. Moreover, combined in silico studies were conducted for better understanding of modes of action of studied molecules at the binding pocket of target. Our results showed that three of the derivatives (Z-1, Z-2, and Z-6) have considerable effect on the catalytic activity of human topoisomerase II implying the influence of alkyl groups added to the parental structure of ellipticine.
We performed arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions of chronic ACL rupture with autologous hamstring tendon grafts in males (mean age 23.9 years). Thirty-two cross-pin ...fixations and 24 EndoButton™ CL fixations were performed on the femoral side. Distal fixations on the tibial side were maintained with interference screws plus a staple. Tunnel enlargement was evaluated using X-rays. Femoral and tibial tunnels were measured at three levels 5 mm apart, and average enlargement was calculated after correction for magnification. Tunnel enlargement 12 months after surgery was greater for the EndoButton™ CL system (femoral side 43.71%, tibial side 51.11%) than for the cross-pin system (femoral side 32.61%, tibial side 25.62%);the difference was significant only on the tibial side. Both proximal fixation techniques were judged clinically successful (follow-up 16–36 months). The far fixation point in the EndoButton™ CL group may be related to mechanical loosening.
We report the first outbreak of nosocomial orf infection in a hospital burn unit in Gaziantep, Turkey. The outbreak lasted from October to December 2012 and involved a total of thirteen cases. It ...demonstrates the risk of introduction of orf virus to a burn unit, and the potential for extensive transmission among patients with compromised skin integrity. The importance of hygiene measures and infection control are highlighted and possible transmission routes of the virus discussed.
Objective
To evaluate the clinical value of detected prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA expression levels in circulating cells in patients with prostate cancer by quantitative real-time polymerase ...chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to determine the effect of surgical manipulation on hematogenous dissemination.
Methods
Blood samples before, during, and after (24 h) surgery were obtained from 34 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy for detecting PSA mRNA expression levels. PSA mRNA expression levels, PSA levels, and Gleason scores were then compared.
Results
PSA mRNA expression levels were detected in 14 of 34 (41%) patients, and biochemical recurrence of blood PSA was observed in 6 of 34 (17%) patients. Differences of PSA mRNA expression levels in pre-, per-, and postoperative periods were statistically significant (
P
< 0.001) and differences of PSA mRNA expression levels in pre- and peroperative samples (
P
< 0.008), pre- and postoperative samples (
P
< 0.031), and per- and postoperative samples (
P
< 0.001) were also statistically meaningful. There was significant relationship between the detectable PSA mRNA expression levels in preoperative samples and biochemical recurrence of blood PSA levels.
We demonstrated that surgical manipulation had no effect on biochemical recurrence of blood PSA. We also showed that there was significant correlation between high Gleason score and the detectable PSA mRNA expression levels (
P
< 0.027).
Conclusions
Our results suggest that highly detectable PSA mRNA expression levels in preoperative samples seem to be a significant predictable factor for prostate cancer recurrence.
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