Using recombinantly expressed proteins for selection of antigen-specific T cell lines carries a high risk of selecting T cells specific for contaminating proteins. This risk is especially high for ...very hydrophobic proteins which are notoriously difficult to purify, such as the integral membrane protein acetylcholine receptor (AChR). We prepared a highly purified recombinant AChR by adding an oligo-histidine affinity-tag to the human alpha(1)-AChR and expressing it in E. coli. This allowed purification by Ni-NTA chromatography and subsequent electroelution from preparative SDS gel as purification steps, resulting in complete purity as assessed by silver stain on SDS-PAGE. This protein preparation induced fatal experimental allergic myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats. Furthermore, the protein could be used to select T cell lines from immunized Lewis rats and patients with myasthenia gravis. However, even with this highly purified protein, one of 8 Lewis rat T cell lines and 3 of 7 human T cell lines cross-reacted to E. coli control proteins. The results show that oligo-histidine tagged, highly purified human alpha(1)-AChR is highly immunogenic in vivo and in vitro.
Using recombinantly expressed proteins for selection of antigen-specific T cell lines carries a high risk of selecting T cells specific for contaminating proteins. This risk is especially high for ...very hydrophobic proteins which are notoriously difficult to purify, such as the integral membrane protein acetylcholine receptor (AChR). We prepared a highly purified recombinant AChR by adding an oligo-histidine affinity-tag to the human alpha 1-AChR and expressing it in E. coli. This allowed purification by Ni-NTA chromatography and subsequent electroelution from preparative SDS gel as purification steps, resulting in complete purity as assessed by silver stain on SDS-PAGE. This protein preparation induced fatal experimental allergic myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats. Furthermore, the protein could be used to select T cell lines from immunized Lewis rats and patients with myasthenia gravis. However, even with this highly purified protein, one of 8 Lewis rat T cell lines and 3 of 7 human T cell lines cross-reacted to E. coli control proteins. The results show that oligo-histidine tagged, highly purified human alpha 1-AChR is highly immunogenic in vivo and in vitro.
Is there a loss of information when using selenium radiographic images displayed with reduced image format compared to full format?
Digital selenium radiographic chest images in two planes were ...obtained in 35 patients for medical reasons. The digital data sets of each patient were separately displayed in full format on two different films and were printed in reduced format on one film. The format was reduced to 61% of the full format using an acquisition matrix of 2166 x 2488 pixels, an image display matrix of 4000 x 5000 pixels and a film format of 43 x 49 cm. All images were anonymously evaluated by four independent readers using a questionnaire concerning anatomic structures.
Format reduction did not result in a loss of information in diagnostically relevant anatomic details.
Displaying digital selenium radiographic data sets of thoracic view in two planes on one film presumably does not lead to a loss of diagnostic information. This procedure may help to reduce film costs.
Overview and status of the power conditioning system for the National Ignition Facility Newton, M.A.; Fulkerson, E.S.; Hulsey, S.D. ...
IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. PPPS-2001 Pulsed Power Plasma Science 2001. 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science and 13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (Cat. No.01CH37,
2001
Conference Proceeding
Open access
Summary form only given, as follows. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) power conditioning system (PCS) is a modular capacitive energy storage system that provides over 34 kilojoules of energy to ...each of the nearly 8000 flashlamps in the NIF laser. Up to 400 megajoules of energy can be stored in the NIF PCS system, discharged through spark gaps and delivered to the flashlamps through a coaxial transmission line system requiring nearly 100 miles of high-voltage cable. The NIF PCS has been under development for nearly 4 years. During this time, the system was developed and designed by Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque (SNLA) in conjunction with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Extensive reliability testing was performed at the FANTM test facility at SNLA and design improvements were implemented based on FANTM test results, leading to the final design presently undergoing system reliability testing at LLNL. Low-cost energy-storage capacitors, charging power supplies and reliable, fault-tolerant components were developed through partnerships with numerous contractors. Extensive reliability and fault testing of components has also been performed. This paper will provide an overview of the many efforts that have culminated in the final design of the NIF PCS. The PCS system design will be described and the cost tradeoffs discussed. Plans for fabrication and installation of the NIF PCS system over the next 6 years will be presented.
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