The net carbon uptake rate and net production rate of mycosporine‐like amino acids (
MAA
s) were measured in phytoplankton from 2 different melt ponds (
MP
s; closed and open type pond) in the ...western
A
rctic
O
cean using a
13
C
stable isotope tracer technique. The Research Vessel Araon visited ice‐covered western‐central basins situated at 82°N and 173°E in the summer of 2012, when
A
rctic sea ice declined to a record minimum. The average net carbon uptake rate of the phytoplankton in polycarbonate (
PC
) bottles in the closed
MP
was 3.24 mg C · m
−3
· h
−1
(
SD
= ±1.12 mg C · m
−3
· h
−1
), while that in the open
MP
was 1.3 mg C · m
−3
· h
−1
(
SD
= ±0.05 mg C · m
−3
· h
−1
). The net production rate of total
MAA
s in incubated
PC
bottles was highest (1.44 (
SD
= ±0.24) ng C · L
−1
· h
−1
) in the open
MP
and lowest (0.05 (
SD
= ±0.003) ng C · L
−1
· h
−1
) in the closed
MP
. The net production rate of shinorine and palythine in incubated
PC
bottles at the open
MP
presented significantly high values 0.76 (
SD
= ±0.12) ng C · L
−1
· h
−1
and 0.53 (
SD
= ±0.06) ng C · L
−1
· h
−1
. Our results showed that high net production rate of
MAA
s in the open
MP
was enhanced by a combination of osmotic and
UVR
stress and that in situ net production rates of individual
MAA
can be determined using
13
C
tracer in
MP
s in
A
rctic sea ice.
Aim
This study was designed to investigate the impact of paediatric end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on parents, based on the PedsQL Family Impact Module (FIM), and the relationship to the quality of ...life (QOL) of paediatric ESRD patients measured by PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module.
Methods
We performed a cross‐sectional study using Korean translations of the PedsQL FIM and the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module. In all, 79 patients were enrolled, including 47 children receiving dialysis and 32 children who underwent renal transplant.
Results
FIM scores, analyzed for every category according to treatment modality, were significantly lower in haemodialysis (HD) than in peritoneal dialysis (PD) or renal transplant patients. Mother's age, duration since diagnosis of ESRD and the existence of comorbidity were variables to have significant effects on FIM scores. The correlation between total FIM and QOL scores of paediatric patients were significant, in both parent‐proxy and child‐self report.
Conclusions
The PedsQL FIM appears to be a useful tool for the assessment of family impact on children with ESRD. Further prospective studies focused on the QOL of parents and caregivers should be performed with the goal of improving clinical outcomes for paediatric ESRD patients.
Summary at a Glance
Children with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) may influence the psychological, physical and economic burden of their families. This study examined the impact of paediatric ESRD on parents using the PedsQLTM FIM. The results obtained in this study will provide useful information in the field of paediatric ESRD therapy.
Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 45079; published online: 24 March 2017; updated: 04 May 2017 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author ...Jin-Beom Kwon, which was incorrectly given as Jin-Beon Kwon. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Objectives/Hypothesis
The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of a surgical robotic system in nasopharyngeal surgery using bilateral transantral or combined ...endonasal/transantral port.
Study Design
The da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) was used to perform dissection of the skull base on a whole fresh‐frozen cadaver.
Methods
Bilateral mega‐antrostomy was done with the usual endoscopic sinus surgery equipment. To obtain an accessible bilateral working space, posterior septectomy was performed. Next, bilateral anterior maxillary windows were created through a gingivobuccal incision. The 8.5‐mm‐diameter 0° or 30° three‐dimensional camera arm was introduced into a nostril. The two 5‐mm‐diameter articulating EndoWrist arms entered through the transantral or endonasal port. For the dissection, Maryland articulated forceps, needle driver, and monopolar spatula‐ or hook‐type electrocauterizer were used.
Results
The 8.5‐mm diameter of the camera arm was easily inserted into the nostril. Excellent access to the nasopharyngeal area from the level of the palate up to the skull base crossing the sphenoid prow was possible. Bilateral robotic arms were able to move inside the nasopharyngeal space, and the target dissection area could be accessed fully via the transantral or endonasal port.
Conclusions
This is the first report about the feasibility of bilateral transantral or combined transantral/endonasal port for robotic nasopharyngectomy. Robotic removal of the entire nasopharyngeal area was successfully achieved without transpalatal or facial skin incision. These new approaches may be applied to selected patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma or other pathologic tumors involving the nasopharynx.
Level of Evidence
NA Laryngoscope, 125:1839–1843, 2015
Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein is reportedly correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.
We tried to evaluate the possibility of using the serum high-mobility group box ...1 protein level as a biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea patients.
We generated a chronic intermittent hypoxia murine model that reflected human obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea patients who underwent polysomnography were prospectively enrolled. Serum samples were obtained from mice and obstructive sleep apnea patients, and the serum high-mobility group box1 protein level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 56.16 ± 30.33 ng/mL in chronic intermittent hypoxia and 18.63 ± 6.20 ng/mL in control mice (p < 0.05). The mean apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index values of enrolled obstructive sleep apnea patients were 50.35 ± 27.96 and 51.56 ± 28.53, respectively, and the mean serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level was 30.13 ± 19.97 ng/mL. The apnea-hypopnea index and respiratory disturbance index were not significantly correlated with the serum high-mobility group box 1 protein level (p > 0.05). Instead, this protein level was significantly correlated with lowest arterial oxygen concentration (SaO
) (p < 0.05).
High-mobility group box 1 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea, and the possibility of this protein being a useful biologic marker in obstructive sleep apnea should be further evaluated.
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by massive infiltration and activation of myeloid cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, but the functions of these cells are controversial. In this ...study, our objective was to elucidate the in vivo role of a signaling pathway involved in activation of these innate immune cells in SCI using myeloid cell‐specific IκB kinase (IKK)‐β conditional knockout (${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ ) mice. In these mice, the ikkβ gene has been specifically deleted from myeloid cells, compromising their in vivo IKK/NF‐κB‐dependent activation. We found that ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice had significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltrations after SCI compared to ikkβ+/+ controls. SCI‐induced proinflammatory gene expression was also reduced in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice. Reduced neuroinflammation in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice was accompanied by attenuated neuronal loss and behavioral deficits in motor activity. In addition, the SCI‐induced expression of CXC ligand 1 was reduced in ${\rm {ikk}}{\rm {\beta}}^{\Delta mye}$ mice, which may be responsible for the reduced neutrophil infiltration in these mice. Our data demonstrate that IKK‐β‐dependent myeloid cell activation potentiates neuroinflammation and neuronal damage after SCI.
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