Flusilazole (C16H15F2N3Si) is a triazole fungicide and it is being used widely in recent years to control fungal infections in various fruits and vegetables. This study aims to evaluate the impact of ...flusilazole on cytotoxicity, ATP-dependent cassette transporter proteins (ABC transporter proteins) in SerW3 cells. In this study, SerW3 cells have administrated with 25, 100, and 200 μM flusilazole, cell viability was performed. The quantity of the cellular lipids was evaluated spectrophotometrically. Moreover, the expression of the ABCA1 and ABCB1 proteins determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Furtherly, evaluation of the cell death type and measurement of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes was performed. According to the results, flusilazole treatment gave rise to inhibition in cell viability, increase in apoptotic cell number, reduction in cellular lipids, and inhibition in the expression of ABCA1 and ABCB1 proteins. Furthermore, it caused decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities. It may be concluded that flusilazole administration may cause infertility/subfertility. The mechanism of action can be due to cytotoxicity, impairment of the detoxification mechanisms, lipid metabolism, and dysregulation of cell functions.
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•Flusilazole inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in SerW3 cells,•Flusilazole exposure caused decreases in cellular lipids, immunofluorescence expressions of ABCA1 and ABCB1 to SerW3 cells,•Flusilazole resulted in antioxidant enzyme inhibition to SerW3 cells.
ObjectivesFlusilazole (FLUS) is a broad-spectrum organosilicon triazole fungicide used for protecting economically important cereals and orchard fruits. Considering the exposure route of pesticides, ...pesticide contamination of food is inevitable. Furthermore, excessive exposure to pesticides causes health problems in both target and non-target organisms. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of the triazole fungicide FLUS on cytotoxicity and neurite extension in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Materials and MethodsThe SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated into mature neurons using 10-µM all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment for 7 days. Then the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 50, 100 and 200 μM FLUS for 24 h. Afterwards, cell viability assays were performed including crystal violet, neutral red cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. The morphological examinations were performed and neurite lenghts of the cells were measured in all experimental groups. ResultsFLUS treatment induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with RA. Significant decreases in cell viability percentages were observed. Furthermore, neurite lengths were negatively affected by the treatment of FLUS at the highest concentration. ConclusionFLUS is a fungicide widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. However, the intensive use of these compounds causes a potential risk to human and environmental health. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that high concentrations of FLUS cause neurotoxicity by causing neural cell death and adverse effects on neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. FLUS exposure can cause neuronal degeneration in mammals.
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•Cytotoxicity was induced by increasing T-2 toxin doses at 24 and 48h.•Immunolabelling of junctional proteins revealed that T-2 toxin caused decreases in the expressions of occludin, ...ZO-1, N-cadherin and β-catenin.•T-2 toxin caused decreases in TEER measurements and disrupts tight junctional Sertoli cell barrier.
T-2 toxin, which is produced in grain and grain products as a secondary metabolite by Fusarium species, is also potentially dangerous for human health. Up to date, no study was reported the cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin on SerW3 cells in the perspective of junctional barriers. This study focused on revealing the cytotoxic effects of T-2 on Sertoli cells associated with cell junctional barriers. In the present study, SerW3 cells were exposed to T-2 toxin at 12, 120 and 1200ng/ml doses for 24 and 48h. Cytotoxicity tests including cell viability (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity test and trypan blue exclusion assay were performed. Occludin, ZO-1, N-cadherin and β-catenin were immunolabelled, expressions of occludin and N-cadherin were determined by western blotting. SerW3 cell barrier integrity was measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Cytotoxicity caused by T-2 toxin increased in a dose dependent manner, expressions of proteins and TEER measurement decreased. This study may underlie the early targets of T-2 toxin on SerW3 cells mimicking blood-testis barrier in vitro.
Furan (C
4H
4O) is a volatile, colorless liquid and is used in some segments of the chemical manufacturing industry. It is found in variety of foods such as coffee, jarred and canned foods that ...undergo heat treatment. This study was designed to investigate the effect of furan exposure on reproductive system of male rats. Three to four weeks old rats were exposed to furan at 2, 4 and 8
mg/kg/day doses by orally for 90
days. Hematology, weights, histology and morphometry of reproductive organs, serum LH and testosterone levels, sperm count and morphology and apoptosis in testis were evaluated. Slight changes were observed in hematological parameters of furan-treated rats. The weights of seminal vesicle reduced significantly whereas the weights of prostate increased significantly in the highest furan dose group. LH and testosterone levels decreased in furan-treated rats. Histological examinations have revealed that furan caused impairments in testis, epididymis and prostate gland. Furan showed no effects on sperm counts and morphology. On the other hand apoptotic cells in testis increased significantly. According to morphometrical examination, the epithelial heights and lumen diameters of the reproductive organs have changed in treatment groups. These results indicate that subchronic furan treatment induces toxicity of the male reproductive system.
Acrolein-mediated neurotoxicity in growing Wistar male rats Selmanoğlu, Güldeniz; Mülayimçelik Özgün, Gökçen; Karacaoğlu, Elif
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology,
July 2018, 2018-Jul, 2018-07-00, 20180701, Volume:
149
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Acrolein is an environmental and food contaminant widely produced by thermal processed organic compounds. It can be used as a biocide and is known to be generated endogenously by lipid peroxidation. ...This study was designed for evaluating acrolein toxicity in the context of GFAP, MBP, neurofilaments and histological examination of brain tissues and also hematological paremeters in pubertal male rats. 3–4 weeks aged Wistar male rats were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day acrolein for 90 days. According to acrolein exposure results, slight changes observed in hematological parameters, however no significant differences were observed in GFAP and MBP. Unlikely, acrolein caused several histopathological changes in brain tissues as well as neurofilament accumulation. It may be concluded that acrolein might contribute to formation of neurodegenerative disorders.
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•Acrolein caused neurofilament accumulation in brain tissue.•Acrolein mediated histopathological changes were observed in brains of male rats.•GFAP and MBP levels were not changed by acrolein exposure.
Objective: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas resulting from auto-activation of digestive
enzymes and damage to the pancreatic parenchyma. Reactive oxygen species ...(ROS) play an important role in the progression
of AP. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) in reducing the inflammatory reaction and
tissue damage in experimental AP rat model.
Materials and Methods: Amylase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured.
Histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses of apoptotic cells, CD-8α and CD-68 were performed. Superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined in hemolysates.
Results: Cerulein+EGCG treatment did not cause decreases in the amylase levels. IL-6 levels decreased in cerulein+EGCG group,
however, TNF-α levels increased. No changes were observed in SOD activity by EGCG treatment, CAT and GST activities increased.
EGCG treatment caused severe edema, inflammation and fat necrosis after cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Apoptosis in pancreas,
CD8-α and CD-68 positive cells increased in EGCG treatment after pancreatitis induction.
Conclusion: It may be suggested that EGCG showed a pro-oxidant effect, in contrast to the expected in the pancreatitis model
when compared to a positive control. It can be concluded that overconsumption of EGCG should be avoided in pancreatitis
conditions.
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We prepared a novel nanogel consisting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and pullulan (Pull) via a facile and green irradiation protocol. Synthesized nanogels were modified with bovine ...serum albumin (BSA) and folic acid (FA) and then loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) to obtain a delivery system with tumor-specific targeting ability and enhanced biocompatibility. In-vitro DOX release was investigated at different pH values, and it was found that DOX release was higher in acidic media, which is an advantage for the internalization of nanoparticles in acidic tumor environment. MTT assay and DAPI staining were performed to evaluate the effects of nanogels on L929 and MCF-7 cells. Based on the results of in vitro studies, DOX-loaded nanogels were found to be effective on cancer cells, while the neat ones were nondestructive in both lines. Overall, we envision that the biocompatible and tumor-specific nanogels could be a promising safe drug carrier system for cancer therapy.
Natural and synthetic biomaterials have been designed to aid in the bone regeneration process. Although multiple stem cell-based biomaterials are currently studied by many researchers, no biomaterial ...has yet been approved as the most appropriate. Here, we aimed to use and compare alternative synthetic biphasic ceramic Ceraform® (CR) coated with the tissue adhesives fibrin glue (FG) and fibronectin (FN) seeded with osteogenically induced cells, which were previously differentiated from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells. The osteogenic properties were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after cell seeding by histological examinations, determining enzyme activities and gene expressions of osteogenic markers, and scanning electron microscope analysis. Non-coated CR and FG-or FN-coated CR groups displayed all osteogenic differentiation markers, such as osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor-2, collagen type-1, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, but their distribution in terms of duration varied. The detection of non-collagenous proteins and collagen type-1 indicated the role of FG or FN in enhancing bone remodeling and bone structure stabilization. FG exhibited the advantage of encapsulating cells owing to its clot formation property compared to that by FN when considering the enhanced survival of transplanted cells. Moreover, the fibrin glue-coated CR group showed a distinct difference by expressing osteogenic markers even at the end of late incubation period. These properties indicated that using CR-FG in combination with differentiated cells is a promising alternative improved scaffold for bone repair by cell therapy.
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