NO dissociation on Cu(111) and Cu(2)O(111) surfaces is investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory. This is to verify the possibility of using Cu-based catalyst for NO dissociation ...which is the rate limiting step for the NO(x) reduction process. The dissociation of molecularly adsorbed NO on the surface is activated for both cases. However, from the reaction path of the NO-Cu(2)O(111) system, the calculated transition state lies below the reference energy which indicates the possibility of dissociation. For the NO-Cu(111) system, the reaction path shows that NO desorption is more likely to occur. The geometric and electronic structure of the Cu(2)O(111) surface indicates that the surface Cu atoms stabilize themselves with reference to the O atom in the subsurface. The interaction results in modification of the electronic structure of the surface Cu atoms of Cu(2)O(111) which greatly affects the adsorption and dissociation of NO. This phenomenon further explains the obtained differences in the dissociation pathways of NO on the surfaces.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pseudomonas: was conducted by using the combined gyrB and rpoD nucleotide sequences of 31 validly described species of Pseudomonas: (a total of 125 strains). ...Pseudomonas: strains diverged into two major clusters designated intrageneric cluster I (IGC I) and intrageneric cluster II (IGC II). IGC I was further split into two subclusters, the 'P: aeruginosa complex', which included P: aeruginosa, P: alcaligenes, P: citronellolis, P: mendocina, P: oleovorans and P: pseudoalcaligenes, and the 'P: stutzeri complex', which included P: balearica and P: stutzeri. IGC II was further split into three subclusters that were designated the 'P: putida complex', the 'P: syringae complex' and the 'P: fluorescens complex'. The 'P: putida complex' included P: putida and P: fulva. The 'P: syringae complex' was the cluster of phytopathogens including P: amygdali, P: caricapapayae, P: cichorii, P: ficuserectae, P: viridiflava and the pathovars of P. savastanoi and P. syringae. The 'P. fluorescens complex' was further divided into two subpopulations, the 'P. fluorescens lineage' and the 'P. chlororaphis lineage'. The 'P. fluorescens lineage' contained P. fluorescens biotypes A, B and C, P. azotoformans, P. marginalis pathovars, P. mucidolens, P. synxantha and P. tolaasii, while the 'P. chlororaphis lineage' included P. chlororaphis, P. agarici, P. asplenii, P. corrugata, P. fluorescens biotypes B and G and P. putida biovar B. The strains of P. fluorescens biotypes formed a polyphyletic group within the 'P. fluorescens complex'.
Mg, Ti, Ni, Pd and La are used as main constituent elements of highly efficient hydrogen storage alloys, therefore, to investigate the behavior of hydrogen on these surfaces is very important. We ...calculate the corresponding two-dimensional (2D) potential energy surfaces (PESs) for one fixed lateral H, center of mass position and one H2 orientation on Mg(0 0 0 1), Ti(0 0 0 1) Ni(1 1 1), Pd(1 1 1) and La(0 0 0 1) surfaces within the density functional theory. From the results, on the Ti, Ni, Pd and La surfaces, the energy barriers for H, dissociative adsorption are either small or negligible. On the other hand, on the Mg surface, a high energy barrier exists. Furthermore, we can practically explain these differences among the surfaces by considering the differences in the valence electron configurations of the substrate atoms.
Two marine heterotrophic bacteria, A5K-61(T) and A5K-106(T), were isolated from marine animals. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis data showed that the isolates were affiliated with the genus ...Thalassomonas; highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values were found with Thalassomonas viridans DSM 13754(T) (97.5 and 98.1 %, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization values of strains A5K-61(T) and A5K-106(T) with T. viridans DSM 13754(T) (22.2-49.1 %) were clearly below 70 %, the generally accepted limit for species delineation. The isolates produced a brown diffusible pigment. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 1)omega7c and C(16 : 0). Based on DNA-DNA hybridization data, some biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, the isolates represent two novel species of the genus Thalassomonas, for which the names Thalassomonas actiniarum sp. nov. (type strain A5K-106(T) =MBIC08328(T) =NCIMB 14418(T) =NBRC 104231(T)) and Thalassomonas haliotis sp. nov. (type strain A5K-61(T) =MBIC08329(T) =NCIMB 14417(T) =NBRC 104232(T)) are proposed.
International partnership has become an emerging issue in which due to globalization goals, the needs of having collaboration between countries are inevitable. Cross-continents collaborations are ...encouraged; however, having partners with similar cultural background is seen more beneficial. This article aims to review challenges on programme development of Vocational Education between Indonesian and Japan. Vocational Education in Indonesia has been well established for decades where students are trained in 3-year education of Vocational High School then continue to 3-year education of Vocational School at the University. Curriculum is set to be more giving practical training which can enhance skills of students in problem solving. Moreover, KOSEN is one of distinctive education systems in Japan which is an abbreviation of Japanese form "koku-ritsu-kou-gyou-KOU-tou-SEN-mon-gak-kou" which is translated as National Institute of Technology. It offers 5-year education after Junior High School which provides training and skills development for students. Programme development of KOSEN and Indonesian Vocational Education are seen to be feasible for being implemented further which can deliver more skilful graduates. Combination of skills and cultural side of graduates are expected to be positively influencing their working ethics. Comprehensive capability of graduates is linear to their competency which also increases their employability.
Since its first outbreak in Japan in 2003, koi‐herpesvirus (KHV) remains a challenge to the carp Cyprinus carpio L. breeding industry. In this study, inactivation of KHV in water from carp habitats ...(carp habitat water) was investigated with the aim of developing a model for rapidly inactivating the pathogen in aquaculture effluent. Experiments with live fish showed that, in carp habitat water, KHV lost its infectivity within 3 days. Indications were that inactivation of KHV was caused by the antagonistic activity of bacteria (anti‐KHV bacteria) in the water from carp habitats. Carp habitat water and the intestinal contents of carp were therefore screened for anti‐KHV bacteria. Of 581 bacterial isolates, 23 showed anti‐KHV activity. An effluent treatment model for the disinfection of KHV in aquaculture effluent water using anti‐KHV bacteria was developed and evaluated. The model showed a decrease in cumulative mortality and in the number of KHV genome copies in kidney tissue of fish injected with treated effluent compared with a positive control. It is thought that anti‐KHV bacteria isolated from the intestinal contents of carp and from carp habitat water can be used to control KHV outbreaks.
Various plant extracts, such as carrot, burdock (gobou), apricot and prune, showed inhibitory effects in an
in vitro assay of lipid peroxide-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formation. The ...major inhibitor purified from various plants extracts was identified as chlorogenic acid (CA), on the basis of UV- and mass-spectra and comparison with a standard sample. To examine whether CA also inhibits 8-OH-dG formation in animal organs, an oxygen radical-forming carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, was administered to rats, with or without CA. The 8-OH-dG level in the DNA of the rat tongue, the target organ, was significantly reduced in the CA-treated group.
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