Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery (CS-AKI) in children with congenital heart disease is a serious complication closely associated with high morbidity and mortality. Kidney ...Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI staging demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting AKI and predicting associated in-hospital mortality. However, neonatal-modified KDIGO criteria (n-KDIGO), recently introduced as a standard diagnostic tool, for CS-AKI have not been fully validated. Here, we evaluated the incidence of risk factors and postoperative outcomes of neonatal CS-AKI.
Methods
We retrospectively studied 114 consecutive neonates who underwent cardiac surgery at the Kagoshima University Hospital. CS-AKI was classified using the n-KDIGO criteria. Risk adjustment in congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1) score was used to predict the complexity-adjusted mortality and % fluid overload (%FO) was used to monitor fluid balance in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Results
Among 81 patients, neonatal CS
-
AKI occurred in 57 (70.4%) patients according to n-KDIGO criteria. Of these, 28 (34.6%) patients reached n-KDIGO 1, 17 (21.0%) reached n-KDIGO 2, and 12 (14.8%) reached n-KDIGO 3. Patients with CS-AKI had significantly higher vasoactive-inotropic score levels, longer operative times, and higher %FO than patients without CS-AKI. Notably, increased duration of cardiopulmonary bypass times and %FO were risk factors for the development of neonatal CS-AKI. The n-KDIGO-based severe AKI grade had higher risk of in-hospital mortality; however, the n-KDIGO-based mild AKI grade was not associated with any postoperative outcomes.
Conclusions
CS-AKI based on n-KDIGO criteria is common in neonates and is closely associated with higher mortality, especially in patients with severe CS-AKI.
Xylem vessels, which conduct water from roots to aboveground tissues in vascular plants, are stiffened by secondary cell walls (SCWs). Protoxylem vessel cells deposit cellulose, hemicellulose, and ...lignin as SCW components in helical and/or annular patterns. The mechanisms underlying SCW patterning in the protoxylem vessel cells are not fully understood, although VASCULAR-RERATED NAC-DOMAIN 7 (VND7) has been identified as a master transcription factor in protoxylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated deposition patterns of SCWs throughout the tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings using an inducible transdifferentiation system that utilizes a chimeric protein in which VND7 is fused with the activation domain of VP16 and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (VND7-VP16-GR). In slender- and cylinder-shaped cells, such as petiole and hypocotyl cells, SCWs that were ectopically induced by the VND7-VP16-GR system were deposited linearly, resulting in helical and annular patterns similar to the endogenous patterns in protoxylem vessel cells. By contrast, concentrated linear SCW deposition was associated with unevenness on the surface of pavement cells in cotyledon leaf blades, suggesting the involvement of cell morphology in SCW patterning. When we exposed the seedlings to hypertonic conditions that induced plasmolysis, we observed aberrant deposition patterns in SCW formation. Because the turgor pressure becomes zero at the point when cells reach limiting plasmolysis, this result implies that proper turgor pressure is required for normal SCW patterning. Taken together, our results suggest that the deposition pattern of SCWs is affected by mechanical stimuli that are related to cell morphogenesis and turgor pressure.
Abstract Clinicopathological parameters derived from initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) have limitations in predicting tumor progression in bladder cancer. Reduced folate ...carrier 1 (RFC1) and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) are solute carrier (SLC) transporters supporting cellular uptake of endogenous bioactive substances and anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of SLC transporters in bladder cancer and investigate the potential of RFC1 and ENT1 expression as immunohistochemical markers for high-grade malignancy. We compared T-stage with the immunohistochemical expression of RFC1 and ENT1 and other clinicopathological parameters; moreover, we also used multiple logistic regression model to assess relative contributions for T-stage in bladder cancer (n = 130). Concurrently, 57 TUR-Bt-derived imprint cytological samples were stained to evaluate the implication of cytological analysis. Elevated expression levels of RFC1 and ENT1 were significantly correlated with higher T-stage (p < .0001) and efficiently predicted tumor progression, compared with other clinicopathological parameters (RFC1, p = .0325; ENT1, p = .0171). Independent variables of optimal model for predicting T-stage were gender, age, histological grade, expression levels of RFC1 and ENT1. Cytological analysis was consistent with immunostained-tissue data. We reveal RFC1 and ENT1 as potential immunohistocytochemical markers for high-grade malignancy in bladder cancer.
Aims
Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive tumour with high rates of liver metastasis and poor prognosis, and for which a validated chemotherapy regimen has not been ...established. Drug uptake by solute carrier (SLC) transporters is proposed as one of the mechanisms involved in sensitivity to chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to develop important insights into effective chemotherapeutic regimens for AFP‐producing GC.
Methods and results
We evaluated immunohistochemically the expression levels of a panel of SLC transporters in 20 AFP‐producing GCs and 130 conventional GCs. SLC transporters examined were human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1), organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2), organic cation transporter (OCT) 2, OCT6 and organic anion‐transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3). The rates of high expression levels of hENT1 (hENT1high) and OAT2 (OAT2high) were statistically higher in AFP‐producing GC, compared with conventional GC. When analysing hENT1 and OAT2 in combination, hENT1high/OAT2high was the most particular expression profile for AFP‐producing GC, with a greater significance than hENT1 or OAT2 alone. However, no significant differences in OCT2, OCT6 or OATP1B3 levels were detected between AFP‐producing and conventional GCs. However, immunoreactivity for hENT1, OAT2 and OCT6 tended to be increased in GC tissues compared with non‐neoplastic epithelia.
Conclusions
Because hENT1 and OAT2 are crucial for the uptake of gemcitabine and 5‐fluorouracil, respectively, our results suggest that patients with AFP‐producing GC could potentially benefit from gemcitabine/fluoropyrimidine combination chemotherapy. Increased expression of hENT1, OAT2 and OCT6 may also be associated with the progression of GC.
Display omitted
•This study targets for representing of the solid fats.•The ADF model developed to represent elastoplastic deformation and fracture behavior.•The three parameters were determined by ...compression and cutting tests.•The parameters were determined to be as Lps = 0.001, Jsc = 30 kN/m and Ms = 0.25.•Simulated compression and cutting behaviors agree with the experimental behaviors.
A new simulation model, namely, ADEM Ductile Fracture model (ADF model) is developed to represent elastoplastic deformation and fracture behaviors of solid fats. Experimental measurement of the coefficient of plastic starting distance and the yield point affecting the deformation behavior has been obtained by compression test. The fracture distance affecting the fracture behavior has been measured by cutting test. The ADF model shows a good match with the experimentally determined compression and cutting behaviors of the solid fats, and load–strain curves as a function of plate thickness. This confirms that the ADF model could represent the elastoplastic deformation and fracture behaviors of the solid fats.
PDF
