The objective of this study is to explore the role of MALAT1 as a molecular indicator in predicting the recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and its effect on the ...proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of GBC cells in vitro. GBC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 102 patients. MALAT1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmids were first constructed to transfect the GBC‐SD cells. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was applied to detect MALAT1 expression. CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay were applied to testify the cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the values of MALAT1 in GBC recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis. COX regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent influencing factors of GBC patients’ survival status. ROC curve results showed that the MALAT1 expression could be a predictor of the GBC recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis. According to the COX regression analysis, MALAT1 expression, tumor size, and TNM stage were independent influencing factors of GBC patients’ survival condition. Compared with the GBC‐SD cells transfected with empty plasmids, those transfected with MALAT1 shRNA plasmids showed higher apoptosis rates, weakened proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that lncRNA MALAT1 can be considered as an indicator for evaluating the recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of GBC patients. We also demonstrate how the overexpression of MALAT1 confers an oncogenic function in GBC.
Our findings demonstrate that lncRNA MALAT1 can be considered as an indicator for evaluating the recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of GBC patients. We also demonstrate how the overexpression of MALAT1 confers an oncogenic function in GBC.
Soft actuators with integration of ultrasensitivity and capability of simultaneous interaction with multiple stimuli through an entire event ask for a high level of structure complexity, ...adaptability, and/or multi-responsiveness, which is a great challenge. Here, we develop a porous polycarbene-bearing membrane actuator built up from ionic complexation between a poly(ionic liquid) and trimesic acid (TA). The actuator features two concurrent structure gradients, i.e., an electrostatic complexation (EC) degree and a density distribution of a carbene-NH
adduct (CNA) along the membrane cross-section. The membrane actuator performs the highest sensitivity among the state-of-the-art soft proton actuators toward acetic acid at 10
mol L
(M) level in aqueous media. Through competing actuation of the two gradients, it is capable of monitoring an entire process of proton-involved chemical reactions that comprise multiple stimuli and operational steps. The present achievement constitutes a significant step toward real-life application of soft actuators in chemical sensing and reaction technology.
Equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1) has been identified as the sole receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In ...addition to the previously described membrane-associated form of ELR1, two other major alternative splicing variant mRNAs were identified in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs). One major spliced species (ELR1-IN) contained an insertion of 153 nt, which resulted in a premature stop codon situated 561 nt upstream of the predicted membrane spanning domain. The other major species (ELR1-DE) has a deletion of 109 nt that causes a shift of the open reading frame and generates a stop codon 312 nt downstream. Because ELR1-DE presumably encodes a peptide of a mere 23 residues, only ELR1-IN was further analyzed. The expression of a soluble form of ELR1 (sELR1) by ELR1-IN was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Similar to ELR1, the transcription level of ELR1-IN varied among individual horses and at different time points in the same individuals. The ratio of ELR1-IN mRNA species to ELR1 mRNA was approximately 1∶2.5. Pre-incubation of the recombinant sELR1 with EIAV significantly inhibited EIAV infection in equine macrophages, the primary in vivo target cell of the virus. Fetal equine dermal (FED) cells are susceptible to EIAV in vitro, and the replication of EIAV in FED cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly reduced when compared with replication in cells transfected with the empty vector. Finally, the expression levels of both forms of the EIAV receptor were significantly regulated by infection with this virus. Taken together, our data indicate that sELR1 acts as a secreted cellular factor that inhibits EIAV infection in host cells.
A viologen‐based Borromean entangled porous framework was found to be sensitive to both CuKα and MoKα X‐ray sources, showing rapid photochromic response and recovery within one minute. The ...X‐ray‐induced photochromic process is accompanied by a reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC‐SC) structural transformation, an unprecedented phenomenon for X‐ray sensitive materials. The complex can be further processed into portable thin films for detecting the dose of the X‐ray exposure. Moreover, the photochromism can occur over a broad temperature range of 100–333 K, both in the form of single crystals and thin films, making it a potential candidate for practical indoor and outdoor applications.
X‐ray specs: A viologen‐based Borromean‐entangled porous framework was found sensitive to X‐rays and undergo a rapid photochromic response and recovery. This process is accompanied by a reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation. The material can be further processed into a thin film for detecting the dose of X‐ray exposure.
Deposition of airborne dust on outdoor photovoltaic (PV) modules may decrease the transmittance of solar cell glazing and cause a significant degradation of solar conversion efficiency of PV modules. ...Previous studies of this issue indicated that dust deposition is closely related to the tilt angle of solar collector, exposure period, site climate conditions, wind movement and dust properties. However, few studies considered the influence of the properties of PV module itself on dust deposition and efficiency degradation, such as the cell types and surface materials. This experimental work aimed to study the dust accumulation onto different types of solar PV modules and the corresponding efficiency degradation. The experiment was designed and conducted in the laboratory with a sun simulator and a test chamber. The degradation of PV module efficiency caused by dust deposition under various conditions was investigated. The results indicated that dust pollution has a significant impact on PV module output. With dust deposition density increasing from 0 to 22 g m
−2, the corresponding reduction of PV output efficiency grew from 0 to 26%. The reduction of efficiency has a linear relationship with the dust deposition density, and the difference caused by cell types was not obvious. When the dust deposition density was fixed, the reductions of output efficiency at relatively lower or higher solar densities were much more severe. Moreover, the surface material may influence dust deposition and accumulation considerably. The poly-crystalline silicon module packaged with epoxy degraded faster than other modules with glass surface under the same dust concentration.
► Dust impact was tested. ► Deposition decreased short circuit current. ► PV efficiency reduced linearly with deposition density.
Information-theoretic measures, such as the entropy, the cross-entropy and the Kullback–Leibler divergence between two mixture models, are core primitives in many signal processing tasks. Since the ...Kullback–Leibler divergence of mixtures provably does not admit a closed-form formula, it is in practice either estimated using costly Monte Carlo stochastic integration, approximated or bounded using various techniques. We present a fast and generic method that builds algorithmically closed-form lower and upper bounds on the entropy, the cross-entropy, the Kullback–Leibler and the α-divergences of mixtures. We illustrate the versatile method by reporting our experiments for approximating the Kullback–Leibler and the α-divergences between univariate exponential mixtures, Gaussian mixtures, Rayleigh mixtures and Gamma mixtures.
Hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) could act as a versatile signaling molecule in delaying fruit ripening and senescence. Ethylene (C
2
H
4
) also plays a key role in climacteric fruit ripening, but little ...attention has been given to its interaction with H
2
S in modulating fruit ripening and senescence. To study the role of H
2
S treatment on the fruit quality and nutrient metabolism, tomato fruits at white mature stage were treated with ethylene and ethylene plus H
2
S. By comparing to C
2
H
4
treatment, we found that additional H
2
S significantly delayed the color change of tomato fruit, and maintained higher chlorophyll and lower flavonoids during storage. Moreover, H
2
S could inhibit the activity of protease, maintained higher levels of nutritional-related metabolites, such as anthocyanin, starch, soluble protein, ascorbic acid by comparing to C
2
H
4
treatment. Gene expression analysis showed that additional H
2
S attenuated the expression of beta-amylase encoding gene
BAM3
, UDP-glycosyltransferase encoding genes, ethylene-responsive transcription factor
ERF003
and
DOF22
. Furthermore, principal component analysis suggested that starch, titratable acids, and ascorbic acid were important factors for affecting the tomato storage quality, and the correlation analysis further showed that H
2
S affected pigments metabolism and the transformation of macromolecular to small molecular metabolites. These results showed that additional H
2
S could maintain the better appearance and nutritional quality than C
2
H
4
treatment alone, and prolong the storage period of post-harvest tomato fruits.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a competent water desalination technique offering an appropriate route to obtain clean water. However, a rational designed structure of the electrode materials is ...essentially required for achieving high CDI performance. Here, a novel sponge‐templated strategy is developed for the first time to prepare graphene sheets with high specific surface area and suitable pore size distribution. Sponge is used as the support of graphene oxide to prevent the restack of graphene sheets, as well as to suppress the agglomerate during the annealing process. Importantly, the as‐fabricated graphene sheets possess high specific surface area of 305 m2 g−1 and wide pore size distribution. Ultrahigh CDI performance, a remarkable electrosorptive capacity of 4.95 mg g−1, and siginificant desorption rate of 25 min, is achieved with the sponge‐templated prepared graphene electrodes. This work provides an effective solution for the synthesis of rational graphene architectures for general applications in CDI, energy storage and conversion.
Sponge‐templated graphene sheets (STGS) with high specific surface area, wide pore size distribution, and low internal resistance are prepared through a simple annealing method. The as‐prepared STGS exhibits promising CDI performance with an ultrahigh electrosorptive capacity of 4.95 mg g−1 and fast desorption rate of 25 min.
Development of highly efficient and low‐cost multifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the hydrogen evolution reaction is ...urgently required for energy storage and conversion applications, such as in Zn–air batteries and water splitting to replace very expansive noble metal catalysts. Here, the new core–shell NiFe@N‐graphite electrocatalysts with excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward OER and ORR are reported and the Ni0.5Fe0.5@N‐graphite electrocatalyst is applied as the air electrode in Zn–air batteries. The respective liquid Zn–air battery shows a large open‐circuit potential of 1.482 V and a small charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.12 V at 10 mA cm−2, together with excellent cycling stability even after 40 h at 20 mA cm−2. Interestingly, the all‐solid‐like Zn–air battery thus derived shows a highly desired mechanical flexibility, whereby little change is observed in the voltage when bent into different angles. Using the same Ni0.5Fe0.5@N‐graphite electrode, a self‐driven water‐splitting device, which is powered by two Zn–air batteries in‐series, is constructed. The present study opens a new opportunity for the rational design of metal@N‐graphite‐based catalysts of core–shell structures for electrochemical catalysts and renewable energy applications.
The multifunctional electrocatalytic activity and stability of core–shell Ni0.5Fe0.5@N‐graphite catalyst toward oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction are reported. The Ni0.5Fe0.5@N‐graphite catalyst can be used as the air electrode in Zn–air batteries, which can power red/blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), as well as, a two‐electrode water‐splitting device by using Ni0.5Fe0.5@N‐graphite as both anode and cathode.
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