Disordered Eating (DE) shows a strong association with athletics and can lead to several negative mental and physical health effects. Traditionally, sports have been grouped based upon whether or not ...the sport emphasizes leanness as a competing factor. Due to sociocultural factors, risk for DE may also be associated with the sport type. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the available research and data in this field to consider the relationship between DE and sport type to see which factors influence prevalence among athletes.
A systematic review was completed using keywords specific to DE and sport types. Articles were either excluded due to lack of specification of athlete type or failure to use a standardized screening tool or interview for data collection.
6 out of 7 studies found a significant increase in DE rates among lean sport types. When classifying by sport type reports were less consistent, but show non-lean sports also have increased rates of DE.
There are variations in prevalence of DE behaviors depending on athlete type. It is important to identify the risk for DE early in athletes so emphasis can be placed on treatment options to nullify progression to an eating disorder, lower negative impacts on an athlete's performance, and prevent other negative health effects. Using sport groups is important to clinical practice as well as research, as certain sports may have a higher risk for development of DE.
Introduction
Randomized clinical trials support Mepitel Film (MF) as a prophylactic treatment for radiation dermatitis (RD) in patients undergoing breast radiotherapy. Although several studies have ...canvassed the opinion of patients on using MF, no such studies have been done to investigate the perception of healthcare professionals (HCPs). The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the perceptions of HCPs on MF as a treatment option for RD.
Methods
Anonymized responses to a web-based survey sent to HCPs at a single institution managing patients using MF during breast radiotherapy were analyzed.
Results
Of the 28 HCPs contacted, 22 completed the survey, including 6 radiation oncologists (ROs), 11 radiation therapists (RTTs), and 5 nurses. Most HCPs reported MF was better at preventing severe RD than the standard of care and improved radiation-induced skin reactions (
n
= 20/22, 91%, and
n
= 19/22, 86%, respectively). MF was recommended for mastectomy patients without reconstruction (
n
= 15/21, 71%). The majority of HCPs believed that patients’ families could be trained to apply and remove MF (
n
= 19/22, 86%). Many HCPs perceived that implementation of MF would be difficult in terms of maintaining patient flow and wide-scale implementation within their institution (
n
= 11/22, 50%, and
n
= 10/22, 46%, respectively). Most HCPs perceived that fewer than 50% of their patients could afford MF if priced at $100 CAD (
n
= 15/20, 75%).
Conclusion
These findings provide insights into the possibility of MF to be incorporated into standard practice of care for RD. Although most HCPs were satisfied with MF as a prophylactic treatment for RD, there are concerns about its resource-intensive operationalization and financial accessibility to patients. Future research should focus on ways to improve HCP experience with MF and to improve its implementation into clinical settings as standard of care.
Introduction
Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is an oncological emergency that may result in a devastating combination of malignancy and disability. Existing quality of life (QoL) ...questionnaires commonly used in MSCC literature (EORTC QLQ-C30, BM-22, Brief Pain Inventory, and Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes) may not capture all the commonly reported symptoms and lack specificity to MSCC. The primary objective of this systematic review is to determine unmet patient needs and underreported QoL issues and compile a comprehensive list of QoL issues. The secondary objective of this review is to compile all existing QoL tools and questionnaires and determine whether any QoL issues are not addressed in the existing tools currently used in the literature.
Methods
A literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases between 1946 and February 6, 2023, to compile all QoL issues and existing questionnaires used to assess QoL in patients with MSCC. All study designs were included given that they discussed QoL issues specific to patients with MSCC.
Results
The results of this systematic review identified the most frequently discussed QoL issues in the literature studying MSCC. This included direct symptoms of MSCC such as back pain, paralysis, limb weakness/numbness, and urinary/bowel incontinence. Indirect symptoms coming from radiotherapy treatment such as dysphagia, painful swallowing, mouth pain, dry mouth, diarrhea, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting were also noted. Other symptoms resulting from corticosteroid treatment included difficulty sleeping, blurring of vision, weight gain, and mood disturbance. Patients also experienced psychosocial issues such as anxiety, depression, emotional distress, low self-esteem, concerns about dependence on others, concerns about getting home, and fear about their prognosis and future.
Conclusion
This review highlights the QoL issues specific to patients with MSCC and QoL tools capturing these issues. Relevance of QoL issues identified in this systematic review must be prospectively validated by patients and healthcare professionals with experience in treating MSCC.
Purpose
The primary objective is to systematically review primary studies, such as randomized control trials (RCTs), feasibility, exploratory, and case studies; and the secondary objective is to ...evaluate all secondary articles, such as reviews, guidelines, and editorials, relevant to the use of StrataXRT for the prevention and/or management of radiation dermatitis (RD) in cancer patients.
Methods
A literature search was conducted up to February 26, 2023, for articles investigating the use of StrataXRT for the prevention and treatment of RD, in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The keywords “StrataXRT”, “dermatitis”, “radiotherapy”, and “radiation” were used to identify relevant articles.
Results
Twenty-seven articles from 2018 to 2022 were identified to fulfill the inclusion criteria of this review, of which nine are primary studies and 18 are secondary papers. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the current literature studying the effects of StrataXRT, making it difficult to make cross-trial comparisons. There is a suggestion of the efficacy of StrataXRT in the prevention and treatment of RD.
Conclusion
The findings of this review recommend further adequately powered RCTs with robust methodology including patient and clinician assessments to determine the efficacy of StrataXRT in preventing and treating RD. This is essential to improve the quality of life of patients and identify which groups of patients would benefit most from StrataXRT.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common toxicity that may impair the quality of life of patients with various malignancies ranging from early to end stages. In light of frequent ...changes to the guidelines for optimal management of CINV, we undertook this narrative review to compare the most recent guidelines published by ASCO (2020), NCCN (2023), MASCC/ESMO (2023), and CCO (2019). The processes undertaken by each organization to evaluate existing literature were also described. Although ASCO, NCCN, MASCC/ESMO, and CCO guidelines for the treatment and prevention of CINV share many fundamental similarities, the literature surrounding low and minimal emetic risk regimens is lacking. Current data regarding adherence to these guidelines is poor and warrants further investigation to improve care.
The accurate assessment of total body and regional body circumferences, volumes, and compositions are critical to monitor physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as accurate disease ...classifications including obesity, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and lymphedema. We assessed body composition and anthropometry estimates provided by a commercial 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging system compared to criterion measures.
Participants of the Shape Up! Adults study were recruited for similar sized stratifications by sex, age (18–40, 40–60, >60 years), BMI (under, normal, overweight, obese), and across five ethnicities (non-Hispanic NH Black, NH White, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander). All participants received manual anthropometry assessments, duplicate whole-body 3DO (Styku S100), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. 3DO estimates provided by the manufacturer for anthropometry and body composition were compared to the criterion measures using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman analysis. Test-retest precision was assessed by root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation.
A total of 188 (102 female) participants were included. The overall fat free mass (FFM) as measured by DXA (54.1 ± 15.2 kg) and 3DO (55.3 ± 15.0 kg) showed a small mean difference of 1.2 ± 3.4 kg (95% limits of agreement −7.0 to +5.6) and the CCC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96–0.98). The CCC for FM was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97) and the mean difference of 1.3 ± 3.4 kg (95% CI: −5.5 to +8.1) reflected the difference in FFM measures. 3DO anthropometry and body composition measurements showed high test-retest precision for whole body volume (1.1 L), fat mass (0.41 kg), percent fat (0.60%), arm and leg volumes, (0.11 and 0.21 L, respectively), and waist and hip circumferences (all <0.60 cm). No group differences were observed when stratified by body mass index, sex, or race/ethnicity.
The anthropometric and body composition estimates provided by the 3DO scanner are precise and accurate to criterion methods if offsets are considered. This method offers a rapid, broadly available, and automated method of body composition assessment regardless of body size. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between measurements obtained by 3DO scans and metabolic health in healthy and clinical populations.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the accuracy and precision of three‐dimensional optical (3DO) whole‐body scanning for automated anthropometry and estimating total and regional body composition.
...Methods
Healthy children and adolescents (n = 181, ages 5‐17 years) were recruited for the Shape Up! Kids study. Each participant underwent whole‐body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and 3DO scans; multisite conventional tape measurements served as the anthropometric criterion measure. 3DO body shape was described using automated body circumference, length, and volume measures. 3DO estimates were compared with criterion measures using simple linear regression by the stepwise selection method.
Results
Of the 181 participants, 112 were used for the training set, 49 were used for the test set, and 20 were excluded for technical reasons. 3DO body composition estimates were strongly associated with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry measures for percent body fat, fat mass, and fat‐free mass (R2: 0.83, 0.96, and 0.98, respectively). 3DO provided reliable measurements of fat mass (coefficient of variation, 3.30; root mean square error RMSE, 0.53), fat‐free mass (coefficient of variation, 1.34; RMSE, 0.53 kg), and percent body fat (RMSE = 1.2%).
Conclusions
3DO surface scanning provides accurate and precise anthropometric and body composition estimates in children and adolescents with high precision. 3DO is a safe, accessible, and practical method for evaluating body shape and composition in research and clinical settings.
Purpose
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of Mepitel Film in preventing acute radiation dermatitis (RD) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) across randomized ...controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods
Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched on 5 March 2023 to identify relevant RCTs. RD assessment tools and outcomes were compared across studies. Pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated based on random-effects analysis using RevMan 5.4.
Results
Three RCTs conducted between 2018 and 2020 were included. Mepitel Film decreased RD severity when compared to Sorbolene or Biafine but not when compared to mometasone. A per-protocol analysis of two of the trials revealed that, overall, Mepitel Film significantly reduced the incidence of grade 2–3 RD (odds ratio (OR), 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09–0.65;
p
= 0.005) and moist desquamation (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.10–0.46;
p
< 0.0001) and decreased average patient, researcher, and combined components of the Radiation-Induced Skin Reaction Assessment Scale (the standardized mean difference (SMD) for patient ratings, − 2.56; 95% CI, − 3.15 to − 1.96,
p
< 0.00001; SMD for researcher ratings, − 3.47; 95% CI, − 6.63 to − 0.31,
p
= 0.03; SMD for combined scores, − 3.68; 95% CI, − 6.43 to − 0.92,
p
= 0.009). Noted issues with Mepitel Film included itchiness and poor adherence.
Conclusion
While there were discrepancies across studies, Mepitel Film demonstrated a decrease in the incidence of grade 2–3 RD and moist desquamation. These findings emphasize the need for further examining Mepitel Film’s efficacy across diverse patient groups and the importance of standardizing RD severity assessment methodologies and control arms.
Abstract
Context
The impact of vitamin D deficiency on the success of ovarian stimulation according to underlying infertility diagnosis has not been investigated.
Objective
To evaluate the ...relationship between vitamin D deficiency and reproductive outcomes after ovarian stimulation in women with either polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or unexplained infertility.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting
Analysis of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data.
Participants
Participants from the Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II (PPCOS II) RCT (n = 607); participants from the Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) RCT of unexplained infertility (n = 647).
Interventions
Serum 25(OH)D levels measured in banked sera.
Main Outcome Measures
Primary: live birth; secondary: ovulation (PPCOS II), pregnancy, and early pregnancy loss.
Results
In PPCOS II, subjects with vitamin D deficiency 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL or 50 nmol/L were less likely to ovulate (adjusted OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.99; P = 0.04) and experienced a 40% lower chance of live birth (adjusted OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.98; P = 0.04) than those not deficient. In AMIGOS, no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and live birth was noted. In pregnant subjects from both studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with elevated risk of early pregnancy loss (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.6; P = 0.05).
Conclusions
In this investigation of women pursuing ovarian stimulation, the association between vitamin D deficiency and diminished live birth relied on carrying the diagnosis of PCOS and was not observed in unexplained infertility. Given the generally modest success of ovarian stimulation, addressing vitamin D deficiency may prove an important treatment adjunct for many infertile women.
In women with infertility undergoing ovarian stimulation, pretreatment vitamin D deficiency is associated with diminished live birth rates in those with PCOS but not those with unexplained infertility.
Oligodendrocytes produce lipid‐rich myelin sheaths that provide metabolic support to the underlying axon and facilitate saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria supply the bulk of energy ...and carbon‐chain backbones required for lipid synthesis. The sparsity of mitochondria in the myelin sheath suggests that tight regulation of mitochondrial trafficking is crucial for their efficient distribution in the cell. In particular, retention of mitochondria at axoglial junctions would support local lipid synthesis and membrane remodeling during myelination. How mitochondrial docking in oligodendrocytes is regulated is not known. Our findings indicate that syntaphilin (SNPH), a mitochondrial docking protein that has been characterized in neurons, is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and present in the myelin sheath in vivo. We have previously reported that bath application of netrin‐1 promotes the elaboration of myelin basic protein‐positive membranes, and that localized presentation of a netrin‐1 coated microbead results in rapid accumulation of mitochondria at the site of oligodendrocyte‐bead adhesion. Here we show that netrin‐1 increases the redistribution of SNPH to oligodendrocyte processes during the expansion of myelin basic protein‐positive membranes and that SNPH clusters at the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane at sites of adhesion with netrin‐1‐coated beads where mitochondria are retained. These findings suggest roles for SNPH in oligodendrocytes regulating netrin‐1‐mediated mitochondrial docking and myelin membrane expansion.
Main Points
Syntaphilin (SNPH) is expressed by OPCs and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and present in myelin.
SNPH is associated with mitochondria in OLs.
Netrin‐1 increases translocation of SNPH to myelin membrane.
SNPH clusters at sites of adhesion with netrin‐1.
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