We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate observational studies assessing the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of overweight, obesity, ...and abdominal obesity in the general population. We searched the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and ISI Web of Science from inception until December 2020. Data were extracted from 12 studies (nine cross-sectional and three cohort studies). Odds ratio (OR) were pooled using a random-effects model. UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.36, 1.77; I
2
= 55%), overweight (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.63; I
2
= 73%), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.68; I
2
= 62%). Furthermore, every 10% increase of UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 7%, a 6%, and a 5% higher risk of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, respectively. Dose-response meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and abdominal obesity. There was also a positive linear association between UPF consumption and risk of overweight/obesity in the analysis of cross-sectional studies and a positive monotonic association in the analysis of cohort studies. Our study suggests that UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of excess weight or abdominal obesity.
Current evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeD) can reduce inflammation in chronic diseases; however, studies pertaining to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are ...limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the modified MeD (mMeD) in improving Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores, disability and fatigue severity, compared with traditional Iranian diet (TID), in RRMS patients.
Of the 180 patients enrolled, 147 participants were included in the final analysis (n of mMeD = 68;
of TID = 79). Self-reported adherence was good (˜81 %). Dietary intakes of forty-five food parameters were assessed through the FFQ. The mMeD significantly reduced DII scores after 6 months (2·38 ± 0·21 to -1·87 ± 0·86,
< 0·001), but TID did not elicit any changes (2·21 ± 0·44 to 2·14 ± 1·01,
= 0·771). Additionally, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) total score decreased significantly (72·4 ± 17·2 to 63·9 ± 14·2,
< 0·001), whereas there was no considerable improvement for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in the mMeD group.
After initial screening (
261), 180 RRMS patients were randomised to receive mMeD or TID (as control) for 6 months. DII score, EDSS and twenty-one-item MFIS were evaluated at baseline and trial cessation. Multivariate ANCOVA was conducted and adjusted for age, gender, body weight, BMI, education level, supplement use, family history and duration of MS.
Adherence to mMeD, for 6 months, improved dietary inflammatory status and fatigue severity in RRMS patients; however, the TID did not positively impact dietary inflammation and MFIS score.
We performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted ...using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I
= 21.9%;
< 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I
= 0.0%;
< 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I
= 0.0%;
= 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I
= 0.0%;
< 0.001). The dose-response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (
= 0.879,
=
< 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (
= 0.868,
=
< 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (
= 0.774,
=
< 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion.
The current systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effects of oral Mg supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Related articles ...were found by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to 30 February 2020). A one-stage robust error meta-regression model based on inverse variance weighted least squares regression and cluster robust error variances was used for the dose-response analysis between Mg supplementation and duration of intervention and glycaemic control factors. Eighteen eligible randomised clinical trials were included in our final analysis. The dose-response testing indicated that the estimated mean difference in HbA1c at 500 mg/d was -0·73 % (95 % CI: -1·25, -0·22) suggesting modest improvement in HbA1c with strong evidence (
value: 0·004). And in fasting blood sugar (FBS) at 360 mg/d was -7·11 mg/dl (95 % CI: -14·03, -0·19) suggesting minimal amelioration in FBS with weak evidence (
value: 0·092) against the model hypothesis at this sample size. The estimated mean difference in FBS and HbA1c at 24 weeks was -15·58 mg/dl (95 % CI: -24·67, -6·49) and -0·48 (95 % CI: -0·77, -0·19), respectively, suggesting modest improvement in FBS (
value: 0·034) and HbA1c (
value: 0·001) with strong evidence against the model hypothesis at this sample size. Oral Mg supplementation could have an effect on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. However, the clinical trials so far are not sufficient to make guidelines for clinical practice.
(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthesize the results from ...these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I
= 68.9%;
< 0.001;
= 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I
= 86.0%;
< 0.001;
= 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (
= 0.13,
< 0.001;
= 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.
Previous studies have advocated that collagen peptide supplementation (CPS) can positively affect cardiovascular health. However, the widespread impact of CPS on CVD-related markers is not fully ...resolved. Consequently, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of CPS on CVD-related markers. A systematic search in the Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were completed to identify relevant randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCT) published up to November 2021. Mean Differences were pooled using a random-effects model, while publication bias, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity were assessed using previously validated methods. Twelve RCT, comprising of a total of eleven measured markers, were selected for the quantitative analysis. Pooled data revealed that CPS significantly decreased fat mass (-1·21 kg; 95 % CI: -2·13, -0·29;
= 0·0 %;
= 0·010) and increased fat-free mass, based on body mass percentage (1·49 %; 95 % CI: 0·57, 2·42;
= 0·0 %;
= 0·002). Moreover, collagen peptide supplementation led to a significant decrease in serum LDL (-4·09 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -8·13, -0·04;
= 93·4 %;
= 0·048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-5·04 mmHg; 95 % CI: -9·22, -0·85;
= 98·9 %;
= 0·018). Our analysis also indicated that CPS did not affect glycemic markers. Our outcomes indicate that CPS reduces fat mass, LDL and SBP while increasing fat-free mass. Future investigations with longer CPS duration are needed to expand on our results.
Background
Probiotics may have a promising role in chronic autoinflammatory diseases. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated the effects of probiotics on disease progression, ...depression, general health, and anthropometric measurements in Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients.
Methods
The English literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Central Cochrane Library through January 2021. Random effect models were used to synthesise quantitative data by STATA14.
Results
From a total of 152 identified entries, four trials were included in quantitative synthesis (n = 213; 106 as intervention, 107 as control). An additional six studies with the same structure and different markers were also systematically reviewed. The pooled effect size showed that Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (WMD = −0.43; 95% CI = −0.65, −0.20; P < .001), Beck Depression Inventory‐Ⅱ (BDI‐Ⅱ) (WMD = −3.22; 95% CI = −4.38, −2.06; P < .001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (WMD = −4.37; 95% CI = −6.43, −2.31; P < .001) were improved following probiotics supplementation. However, body weight and body mass index did not statistically change.
Conclusion
Our findings revealed that probiotics supplementation can improve disease progression, suppress depression, and general health in MS patients; although, further investigations may be needed.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on serum high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and oxidative stress biomarkers among patients with ...Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Electronic databases were searched through May 10, 2020. Seven trials that included 340 patients were identified for analysis. Meta-analysis indicated that probiotics significantly reduced hs-CRP (WMD = -1.53 mg/L; 95% CI = -2.38, -0.69; P < 0.001) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD = -0.62 ɥmol/L; 95% CI = -1.18, -0.06; P = 0.030) levels in DN patients, whereas they increased Glutathione (GSH) (WMD = 73.84 ɥmol/L; 95% CI = 24.3, 123.29; P = 0.003) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) (WMD = 26.54 mmol/L; 95% CI = 6.23, 46.85; P = 0.010). Therefore, probiotics may improve hs-CRP and oxidative stress biomarkers in DN population.
Probiotics; Oxidative Stress; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetic Nephropathies; Meta-Analysis
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) ...patients. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched to infinity until 30 January 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods. The pooled analysis of 12
randomized controlled trial
s indicated that Mg administration led to significant reduction of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (
p
= 0.006). However, our results revealed that Mg supplementation did not have any effect on
triglycerides
(TG), total cholesterol (TC), and
high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) serum concentrations among T2DM patients in comparison with the control group. Subgroup analysis based on duration of study suggested that more than 12 weeks of Mg supplementation significantly decreased the serum TC levels (
p
= 0.002). Subgroup analysis comparing the dose of intervention indicated that Mg supplementation less than 300 mg significantly decreased the serum LDL concentrations (
p
< 0.001), while more than 300 mg of Mg supplementation significantly increased the serum HDL levels (
p
= 0.026). In a subgroup analysis comparing the type of intervention, it displayed that inorganic Mg supplementation decreased the LDL (
p
< 0.001) and TC (
p
= 0.003) levels, while organic Mg supplementation showed no difference. Mg supplementation has a beneficial effect on lowering LDL level in T2DM patients. However, we have to note that any research performed so far is not sufficient for making robust guidelines to use Mg supplementation in clinical practice.
The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids ...supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random-effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I
= 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose-response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I
= 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose-response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (P
= 0.903, P
<0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
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