Iron (Fe) is essential but harmful for plants at toxic level. However, how wheat plants tolerate excess Fe remains vague. This study aims at elucidating the mechanisms underlying tolerance to excess ...Fe in wheat. Higher Fe concentration caused morpho-physiological retardation in BR 26 (sensitive) but not in BR 27 (tolerant). Phytosiderophore and 2-deoxymugineic acid showed no changes in BR 27 but significantly increased in BR 26 due to excess Fe. Further, expression of
, and
significantly downregulated in BR 27 roots, while these were upregulated in BR 26 under excess Fe. It confirms that inhibition of phytosiderophore directs less Fe accumulation in BR 27. However, phytochelatin and expression of
and
showed no significant induction in response to excess Fe. Furthermore, excess Fe showed increased catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities along with glutathione, cysteine, and proline accumulation in roots in BR 27. Interestingly, BR 27 self-grafts and plants having BR 26 rootstock attached to BR 27 scion had no Fe-toxicity induced adverse effect on morphology but showed BR 27 type expressions, confirming that shoot-derived signal triggering Fe-toxicity tolerance in roots. Finally, auxin inhibitor applied with higher Fe concentration caused a significant decline in morpho-physiological parameters along with increased
and
expression in roots of BR 27, revealing the involvement of auxin signaling in response to excess Fe. These findings propose that tolerance to excess Fe in wheat is attributed to the regulation of phytosiderophore limiting Fe acquisition along with increased antioxidant defense in roots driven by shoot-derived auxin signaling.
An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor was designed with a bifunctionalized conducting polymer nanobioconjugate to monitor patients’ progress in cancer immunotherapy by detecting IFN-γ. The ...sensing probe was fabricated by covalently immobilizing aptamer on a polyterthiophene benzoic acid composited with multi-walled carbon nanotube/Au nanoparticles. The nanobioconjugate was prepared through the self-assembly of bifunctionalized terthiophene aminobenzoic acid (TABA) onto AuNPs then covalently attached with a redox indicator and an antibody on the amine and carboxyl groups of TABA, respectively. At the optimized condition, the sensor detected IFN-γ in the concentration range of 0.5 fM-100 pM with a detection limit of 0.46 ± 0.006 fM (RSD ≤5.1%). The sensor was applied to monitor the extracellular release of IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the IFN-γ levels in patients’ serum before and after immunotherapy. We observed a low concentration of 0.07 ± 0.004 pM (RSD ≤5.6%) before therapy, which increased significantly to 0.43 ± 0.02 pM (RSD ≤5.1%) after immunotherapy. Meanwhile, a high IFN-γ level of 0.67 ± 0.04 pM (RSD ≤6.2%) was detected in healthy controls. In addition, our study showed IFN-γ is a more effective biomarker for predicting patients’ response to blockade therapy as compared to granzyme B.
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•An ultrasensitive electroaptasensor was developed for interferon-gamma detection.•The probe was fabricated using the MWCNT-composited polyterthiophene on an Au nanoparticle layer.•The nanobioconjugate was synthesized with a bifunctionalized conducting polymer self-assembled on Au nanoparticles.•The cancer progressions before and after targeted immunotherapy were monitored using the proposed method.•Interferon-gamma is an effective biomarker for predicting patients’ response to blockade therapy.
A simple method for separation detection of saccharides in whole blood was developed using an electrodynamic microfluidic channel coupled with an external catalytic sensor. The device demonstrated ...that saccharides and isomers were precisely separated according to the molecular weight and the dipole moment by the small AC potential applied symmetrically on the channel walls. To attain a selective and sensitive saccharide sensor, different types of nanostructured catalysts of Au, AuZn, AuCu, and AuNi were synthesized and examined. Among them, AuCo dendrite revealed the best sensor performance, and it was stabilized through anchoring on a polyterthiophene benzoate (pTBA) layer. The calibration plots for eight standard saccharides display the linear ranges between 0.1 × 10−3 and 9.0 mM, with the detection limits ranging from 6.6 × 10−5 ± 1.9 × 10−6 to 1.6 × 10−4 ± 6.1 × 10−6 mM. The interference effects and the method reliability were assessed by determining thirteen saccharides in the human blood sample. The average glucose concentration was 4.87 ± 0.48 mM, which was consistent with that obtained with a commercial glucometer at 95% confidence, while all the other saccharides ranged from 1.4 × 10−3 to 6.8 × 10−5 mM.
•A separation detection of saccharides was performed by an electrohydrodynamic microfluidic channel with an external sensor.•AuCo dendrite anchored-conductive polymer revealed highly sensitive and selective response to saccharides•The method reliability was assessed by thirteen saccharides detection in human blood samples.
Owing to their diverse potentials to help advance modern electronics and energy technologies, electrically conducting metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the most coveted ...functional materials within the past decade. The key to developing electrically conducting MOFs is to equip them with mobile charge carriers and facilitate long-range charge movement. Circumventing the challenges and unpredictability associated with the construction of intrinsically conducting MOFs, herein, we have converted a structurally robust and porous but intrinsically insulating Zn-dpzNDI MOF based on an electron deficient dipyrazolate-naphthalenediimide (dpzNDI) ligand into electrically conducting MOF⊃conducting-polymer (MOF⊃CP) composites via oxidative polymerization of preloaded redox-active 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and pyrrole (Py) monomers to corresponding PEDOT and PPy polymers, which are well-known hole-transporters. After monomer loading and in-situ polymerization, the resulting MOF⊃CP composites remained crystalline but became less porous, suggesting that the amorphous CP chains were mostly confined to the MOF cavities. The presence of CPs was confirmed by infra-red (IR), diffuse-reflectance UV–Vis–NIR and STEM-EDX analyses. Whereas the pristine MOF had immeasurably low conductivity (σ < 10−12 S/m), the MOF⊃PEDOT and MOF⊃PPy composites displayed significantly higher electrical conductivity: 1.8 × 10−5 and 2.5 × 10−3 S/m, respectively. Thus, we have transformed an intrinsically insulating MOF into electrically conducting MOF⊃CP via in-situ oxidative polymerization of electron-rich monomers, a versatile strategy that could be adopted to engineer this much coveted but elusive electronic property practically in any porous MOFs.
•MOF⊃Conducting polymer composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of preloaded monomers.•The in-situ grown conducting polymers transformed an insulating MOF into semiconducting composites.•The MOF⊃Conducting polymer composites displayed higher conductivity than corresponding free polymers.
The Santals form the largest tribal community in northern Bangladesh reside primarily in Rajshahi and Rangpur Divisions, where they live in the districts of Rajshahi, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, ...and Panchagarh. Although they are fast losing their traditional medicinal practices, they still have their own medicinal practitioners who rely mostly on medicinal plants for treatment of a variety of ailments. The traditional medicinal practices vary quite extensively between the twelve clans of the Santals. The objective of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey amongst the Soren clan of the Santal community residing in two villages of Tanor Santal Para in Rajshahi district to collect information on their use of medicinal plants. Interviews were conducted of the two existing Santal traditional medicinal practitioners of the Soren clan with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and using the guided field-walk method. Plant specimens as pointed out by the practitioners were collected and pressed on the field and identification completed at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. Information on 53 medicinal plants distributed into 32 families was obtained in this survey. Ailments treated by these plants included skin disorders, respiratory tract disorders, gastro-intestinal disorders, sexual dysfunctions, sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes, helminthiasis, pain, urinary problems, filariasis, leprosy, tuberculosis, epilepsy, snake bite, enlarged heart, and paralysis. The medicinal plants used by the Santals merit further scientific studies for some of their formulations are used to treat diseases like diabetes, paralysis, enlarged heart, tuberculosis, and filariasis for which modern medicine has no known cure or medicines have developed resistant vectors.
The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a challenge in clinical practice. Traditional diagnostic methods are very useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB but have a low yield when ...applied to pleural fluid. It is produced during the inflammatory process triggered by the M. tuberculosis. Usefulness of adenosine deaminase (ADA) estimation in pleural fluid has been shown as a reliable chemical bio-marker specially when there is suspicion of tuberculosis in endemic areas. ADA level was determined in the pleural fluid of 100 patients present with pleural effusion admitted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period of March 2012 to September 2012. ADA level was >40IU/L among the 52 tubercular pleural effusion patients with sensitivity & specificity is 100% and 66% respectively. Thus is evident that ADA level can be used along with conventional methods for diagnosis of pleural TB.
An intervention study was carried out in the department of paediatrics of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh to compare the clinical efficacy of Azithromycin in the treatment of ...childhood typhoid fever with that of cefixime for a period of one year from January 2011 to December 2011. A total of 60 cases of typhoid fever were enrolled in to a randomized clinical trial and was divided into two groups. The inclusion criteria of the cases were: Documented fever for more than 4 days plus two or more of the following clinical features: toxic physical appearance, intestinal complaints, coated tongue, ceacal gurgling, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, diarrhoea and constipation plus positive Widal test and/or blood culture positivity. Patients who had complication like GIT heamorrhage; intestinal perforaion and/or shock were excluded from the study. Data were collected in a structured questionnaire. Azithromycin was given at a dose of 10mg/kg/day for a period of 07 days Cefixime was given at a dose of 20mg/kg/day in two divided dose for 14 days. The mean time of defervesence was 4.05+1.14 days with azithromycin and 3.41+0.95 with cefixime respectively. The minimum defervesence time was 02 days and maximum defervesence time was 07 days. Clinical cure rate was 87% in azithromycin group and 93% in cefixime group. No serious adverse effect was noted related to azithromycin and cefixime therapy except nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and jaundice. It was found that azithromycin is almost as effective as cefixime in the treatment of typhoid fever.
Cryopreservation of gametes and gonadal tissue is nowadays primarily accomplished through vitrification. Variables such as cooling rate, viscosity and volume of vitrification solution are critical in ...gamete vitrification. In addition, sample size and stepwise exposure are also crucial for gonadal tissue vitrification. Recently a class of cryodevices has been developed to reduce the volume of vitrification solution so as to achieve higher cooling rates. Vitrification devices are classified as "open" or "closed" depending on whether the medium comes into direct contact with liquid nitrogen during the process. Examples of the open cryodevices for gamete vitrification are Cryotop, Cryolock, open pulled straw (OPS), etc., and closed devices are Vitrisafe, CryoTip, and high security vitrification kit. Similarly, for tissue vitrification open cryodevices used are needles, cryovials and closed devices used are Cryotissue, ovarian tissue cryosystem, etc. Among all the gamete cryodevices, Cryotop is unique and the best-selling micro-volume storage device. Use of this device has resulted in the highest number of babies born after embryo or oocyte vitrification. Another novel device, Kitasato vitrification system, is a vitrification solution absorber, which is similar to Cryotop but differs in one way, as it possesses a porous membrane that absorbs extra solution from the gamete. This review provides an update on the recent use of cryodevices for gamete and gonadal tissue vitrification. doi.org/10.54680/fr22310110112.
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