An exemplary blend of chiral pool with chiral catalysis is exhibited in an eight-step (longest) convergent asymmetric total synthesis of mycalol, which is a promising anticancer natural lipid from a ...marine source. The polyhydroxy lipid is constructed by using four blocks, and two of which are derived from the chiral pool (d-mannitol and d-gluconolactone) and the other two by chiral catalysis (Sharpless epoxidation and Keck allylation). Alkylation and metathesis were used to knit the blocks in an excellent display of a modular convergent eight-step synthesis. The modular excess will enable rapid analogue generation as revealed by the convenient synthesis of 4-
-mycalol similarly in an eight-step sequence.
An efficient, mild, and economical approach for regioselective synthesis of 4-aryl/alkyl-1-peroxy-but-3-en-2-ols from 1-substituted-1,3-butadienes using hydroperoxides and catalyzed by TBAI has been ...developed. This method can be executed in a simple operation with no dry conditions required and having tolerance to a wide range of substrates to access corresponding hydroxyperoxidates in good yields. Thus, an excellent regioselective orthogonal dioxygenation in a diene system has been achieved.
The mental health status of indigenous people in Bangladesh has attracted little or no attention. The objective of the present study is to determine the extent of symptoms of anxiety and depression ...in the two largest indigenous communities in Bangladesh.
In total, 240 participants were recruited, 120 from each of the Marma and Chakma communities with an overall mean age of 44.09 years (s.d. 15.73). Marma people were older (mean ages 48.92
. 39.25,
< 0.001). Participants completed the Anxiety Scale (AS) and Depression Scale (DS) that have been developed and standardised in Bangladesh in the Bangla (Bengali) language.
Results indicated that anxiety and depression scores were elevated in both communities, 59.2% of the participants scoring above the cut-off for clinical significance on AS and 58.8% of the participants scoring above the cut-off for clinical significance on DS. Marma people compared to Chakma people were more anxious (
= 59.49
. 43.00,
< 0.001) and more depressed (
= 106.78
. 82.30,
< 0.001). The demographic variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status were weakly or inconsistently related to scores. In the Marma people, females scored higher on both AS and DS, but in the Chakma community, males scored higher on AS and the same on DS.
The finding of significant anxiety and depression in communities with such limited mental health services is a matter of concern and emphasises the need to formulate and implement appropriate mental health policies for indigenous people in Bangladesh and other parts of the world.
Assessing the suitability of an area for carp farming requires a considerable effort in terms of information collection that presents both opportunities and limitations to decision makers. This work ...describes a Geographical Information System (GIS) model, based on the Barhatta Upazilla, Netrokona District, Bangladesh, designed to identify suitability for carp farming potential based on the biological requirements of the fish, the quality and characteristics of land, availability of water, presence of transportation networks, market facilities, sources of fry, type of extension services, agricultural inputs and labor potential. The land suitability for carp farming was generated using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) with Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). Competent management assumed the use of good-quality fry, agricultural inputs, draining facilities and control of predators. Results show that 58% of the area is ‘very’ and ‘moderately’ suitable for carp culture. Field verification data were employed for cross-checking with the model outputs. Outputs are consistent with the land suitability-modeling scheme. A sensitivity analysis revealed good results. Procedures developed show the significance of this model for the basis of identifying and delineating suitable land units at a detailed scale.
Prior multicultural meta-analyses have shown that three of the four individual expressions of parental rejection (viz., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, and indifference/neglect) ...tend to be significantly associated with all seven of the personality dispositions most central to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory). These dispositions include hostility/aggression, dependence, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional instability, emotional unresponsiveness, and negative worldview. However, it was unknown whether the fourth expression of rejection (i.e. undifferentiated rejection) tends to be associated transculturally, as predicted by the theory, with this cluster of dispositions among children. Thus, this meta-analysis investigated 1) the extent to which children's perceptions of maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection were related to these personality dispositions, and 2) the extent to which these relations varied by gender of parent. To address these questions, we performed a meta-analysis on 16 studies involving 12,538 children in 14 countries. Results showed significant associations between all seven personality dispositions and both maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection. The results also showed significantly stronger relations between maternal than paternal undifferentiated rejection on five of the seven indices of children's personality.
Pregnancy is a great stressful physiological condition in women during their reproductive period. During pregnancy several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological modifications occur as a part of ...the physiological adaptation of the body. Changes in blood pressure occur in third trimester of pregnancy, which may be associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2013 to June 2014. Study subjects were selected by following purposive sampling procedure and the protocol of this study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Mymensingh. This study enrolled 100 pregnant women of third trimester of pregnancy and 100 aged matched non-pregnant women from Mymensingh district. Mean systolic blood pressure in study group were 124.8±14.51 mm of Hg and in control group were 106.50±10.67 mm of Hg, which was statistically increased. Diastolic blood pressure in study group was 83.00±13.37 mm of Hg and in control group 71.05±7.12 mm of Hg, which was also statistically significant. The changes in blood pressure in third trimester of pregnancy is the major concern of developing the risk of pre-eclampsia & eclampsia, and increased prevalence of IUGR, pre-maturity and perinatal mortality. This study reveals significant changes of blood pressure during third trimester of pregnancy.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Asthma is one of the most common diseases globally and currently affects 300 million ...people. The epidemic rise in anemia, asthma, and related allergic disease is a common major public health problem worldwide. Asthma and anemia associated with acute infections occur both in children and adults. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was done to find out the levels of hemoglobin concentration in adult asthmatic patients and carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2014 to January 2016. Fifty (50) male and 50 (fifty) female adult asthmatic patients aged 18-60 years were included in the study group. They are enrolled from the Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and also from locality. For comparison age matched 50 male and 50 female apparently healthy persons were also studied as control. Hemoglobin concentration was estimated by Cyanmethemoglobin method. For statistical analysis unpaired student's 't' test was used. Mean hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased in study group in comparison to control group and the result was statistically significant (p<0.001). The study findings showed a high prevalence of anemia among asthmatic patients than non asthmatic healthy persons.
PDF
