Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Tuberculosis had the leading mortality rate as a result of a single ...infection, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Early detection is an essential factor in patient treatment and can improve the survival rate. Detection methods should have high mobility, high accuracy, fast detection, and low losses. This work presents a novel biomedical photonic crystal fiber sensor, which can accurately detect and distinguish between the different types of tuberculosis bacteria. The designed sensor detects these types with high relative sensitivity and negligible losses compared to other photonic crystal fiber-based biomedical sensors. The proposed sensor exhibits a relative sensitivity of 90.6%, an effective area of 4.342×10
−8
m
2
, with a negligible confinement loss of 3.13×10
−9
cm
−1
, a remarkably low effective material loss of 0.0132cm
−1
, and a numerical aperture of 0.3462. The proposed sensor is capable of operating in the terahertz regimes over a wide range (1 THz–2.4THz). An abbreviated review of non-optical detection techniques is also presented. An in-depth comparison between this work and recent related photonic crystal fiber-based literature is drawn to validate the efficacy and authenticity of the proposed design.
This review summarizes recent advances in sensors based on photonic crystal technologies for biomedical sensing applications. Photonic crystal sensing offers enormous promise due to their clear ...benefits in sensitivity, stability, compactness, portability. This work discusses several photonic crystal structures, such as photonic crystal waveguides, cavities, and photonic crystal fiber for biomedical sensing applications. The uniqueness, measurement technique, and biosensing properties of each type of these structures are discussed. Furthermore, manufacturing and functionally relevant properties that include design simplicity, compactness, and multi-wavelength operation are also reviewed. They are explored, organized, and compared using the most recent related literature in this field. Finally, a brief of novel trends has been introduced.
Brain tumors, abnormalities, and malignancies are considered fatal. Early detection techniques could save lives if they are utilized effectively for brain cancers. They should have remarkable ...mobility, high accuracy, high response speed, and low losses. The presented study shows what is believed to be a step toward achieving these objectives. A novel biomedical photonic crystal fiber sensor that can accurately detect and discriminate between different brain cells is proposed. The anomalous brain cells include injuries, tumors, and malignant cells. The proposed sensor can detect these various types with high relative sensitivity and negligible losses in comparison to other photonic crystal fiber-based biomedical sensors. The presented sensor exhibits a relative sensitivity of 97.5%, an effective area of 4.17 × 10
−8
m
2
, a negligible confinement loss of 1.76 × 10
−11
cm
−1
, a remarkably low effective material loss of 0.005942 cm
−1
, and a numerical aperture of 0.3524. The presented sensor is eligible to work in the terahertz regimes with a wide range of 1–3 THz. Also, a detailed comparison between the presented sensor and associated photonic crystal fiber literature is carried out to authenticate the effectiveness and veracity of the presented structure.
Types of brain lesions, tumors, and cancers are still considered deadly. They require accurate and expensive detecting, diagnosing, and treatment methods. This work presents a biomedical ...photonic-based sensor that can detect and distinguish accurately between normal and abnormal brain tissues. The abnormal ones consist of lesions, tumors, and cancerous tissues. The designed sensor detects these types with acceptable sensitivity and high-quality factor compared to other photonic-based detecting techniques. The proposed sensor achieves a sensitivity of 1332 nm/RIU, a very low detection limit of 9.08 × 10-6, and an ultra-high quality factor of 16254. Ultra-compactness and the ability to fabricate with today's technology are novel features in the proposed design. An abbreviated review of non-optical detection techniques is presented. An in-depth comparison between this work and related photonic-based recent literature is drawn to validate the efficacy and authenticity of the proposed design.
•Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and lethal illnesses in the world, according to the World Health Organization.•This work presents a biomedical photonic-based sensor that can detect and ...distinguish accurately between normal and different types of tuberculosis.•The proposed sensor identifies tuberculosis different types with adequate sensitivity and ultra-high-quality factor.•Photonic crystal on-chip are preferable to alternative optical channels because of their durability, compact size, high tensile strength, and inexpensive cost.•The presented sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of 1738.7 nm/RIU, an ultra-high quality factor of 10731, and an extremely small detection limit of 5.87 × 10-6.
Tuberculosis (TB) stands as one of the most severe and fatal communicable diseases in the universe, in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis held the highest mortality rate due to an individual infection, surpassing even HIV/AIDS. The identification of the disease at its initial stages plays a crucial role in patient management and has the potential to enhance the chances of survival. This study presents a unique biomedical sensor based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal, which demonstrates high accuracy in diagnosing and distinguishing between regular and irregular strains of tuberculosis bacteria. The proposed sensor is designed, presented, and evaluated. It can identify different types of tuberculosis with ultra-high-quality factor and adequate sensitivity in comparison with related photonic detection methods. Also, the presented sensor features a simplistic design with a fabrication possibility using current technologies. The presented sensor exhibited an ultra-quality factor of 10731, an extremely small detection limit of 5.87 × 10-6, and a remarkable sensitivity of 1738.7 nm/RIU. A comprehensive overview of non-optical sensing methods is addressed and linked to the current work. A detailed comparative exploration of this study and associated photonic-based literatures are carried out to verify the efficiency and originality of the proposed sensor.
Early detection of breast cancer plays a critical role in the treatment of patients and has the potential to significantly improve survival rates. This research introduces a novel biomedical sensor ...based on a two-dimensional (2D) on-chip photonic crystal for breast cancer detection. The proposed sensor is designed, simulated, and evaluated, exhibiting exceptional performance compared to other photonic detection methods. It achieves a remarkably high-quality factor, adequate sensitivity, and an extremely low detection limit for the accurate detection of breast cancer. Furthermore, the sensor's design is simple and can be fabricated using currently available technologies. The presented sensor achieves outstanding results with a quality factor of 13602, an exceptionally low detection limit of 3×10 -5 RIU, a maximum figure of merit of 3302.3 RIU -1 , and a remarkable sensitivity of 342.8 nm/RIU. A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted between this study and relevant literature in photonic-based cancer detection to validate the effectiveness and originality of the proposed sensor.
Display omitted
•Novel fourteen iodoquinazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized.•In vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against five human cell lines HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, A549 and ...VERO normal cells.•In vitro VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M kinase assays were carried out for all compounds.•In silico Molecular docking and ADMET studies were carried out for the most potent compounds 13e, 13d and 7c.
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new fourteen iodoquinazoline derivatives 7a-c to 13a-e and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents via dual targeting of EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. The new derivatives were designed according to the target receptors structural requirements. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 13e showed the highest anticancer activities with IC50 = 5.70, 7.15, 5.76 and 6.50 µM against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cell lines correspondingly. Compounds 7c, 9b and 13a-d exhibited very good anticancer effects against the tested cancer cell lines. The highly effective six derivatives 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e were examined against VERO normal cell lines to estimate their cytotoxic capabilities. Our conclusion revealed that compounds 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e possessed low toxicity against VERO normal cells with IC50 prolonging from 41.66 to 53.99 μM. Also compounds 7a-c to 13a-e were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. Also, their ability to bind with both EGFR and VEGFR-2 receptors was examined by molecular modeling. Compounds 13e, 13d, 7c and 13c excellently inhibited VEGFR-2 activity with IC50 = 0.90, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 µM respectively. Moreover, Compounds 13e, 7c, 10 and 13d excellently inhibited EGFRT790M activity with IC50 = 0.30, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.47 µM respectively. Finally, our derivatives 7b, 13d and 13e showed good in silico calculated ADMET profile.
Respiratory infections are one of the most common comorbidities identified in hospitalized patients. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly impacted healthcare systems, including ...acute cardiac services.
This study aimed to describe the echocardiographic findings of patients with COVID-19 infections and their correlations with inflammatory biomarkers, disease severity, and clinical outcomes.
This observational study was conducted between June 2021 and July 2022. The analysis included all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who had transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) scans within 72 h of admission.
The enrolled patients had a mean age of 55.6 ± 14.7 years, and 66.1% were male. Of the 490 enrolled patients, 203 (41.4%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Pre-ICU TTE findings showed significantly higher incidence right ventricular dysfunction (28 13.8% vs. 23 8.0%;
= 0.04) and left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion abnormalities (55 27.1% vs. 29 10.1%;
< 0.001) in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. In-hospital mortality was 11 (2.2%), all deaths of ICU patients. The most sensitive predictors of ICU admission (
< 0.05): cardiac troponin I level (area under the curve AUC = 0.733), followed by hs-CRP (AUC = 0.620), creatine kinase-MB (AUC = 0.617), D-dimer (AUC = 0.599), and lactate dehydrogenase (AUC = 0.567). Binary logistic regression showed that reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF), elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and dilated right ventricle were echocardiographic predictors of poor outcomes (
< 0.05).
Echocardiography is a valuable tool in assessing admitted patients with COVID-19. Lower LVEF, pulmonary hypertension, higher D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels were predictors of poor outcomes.
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new fourteen iodoquinazoline derivatives 7a-c to 13a-e and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents via dual targeting of EGFR
and VEGFR-2. The ...new derivatives were designed according to the target receptors structural requirements. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 13e showed the highest anticancer activities with IC
= 5.70, 7.15, 5.76 and 6.50 µM against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cell lines correspondingly. Compounds 7c, 9b and 13a-d exhibited very good anticancer effects against the tested cancer cell lines. The highly effective six derivatives 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e were examined against VERO normal cell lines to estimate their cytotoxic capabilities. Our conclusion revealed that compounds 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e possessed low toxicity against VERO normal cells with IC
prolonging from 41.66 to 53.99 μM. Also compounds 7a-c to 13a-e were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against EGFR
and VEGFR-2. Also, their ability to bind with both EGFR and VEGFR-2 receptors was examined by molecular modeling. Compounds 13e, 13d, 7c and 13c excellently inhibited VEGFR-2 activity with IC
= 0.90, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 µM respectively. Moreover, Compounds 13e, 7c, 10 and 13d excellently inhibited EGFR
activity with IC
= 0.30, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.47 µM respectively. Finally, our derivatives 7b, 13d and 13e showed good in silico calculated ADMET profile.
A 35-year-old male greenhouse worker presented with myalgia, fatigue, and fever. Initially, he was thought to have an unspecified viral infection and was treated with conservative therapy. However, ...the patient's symptoms persisted, and he reported additional symptoms of mild abdominal pain and headaches. Laboratory evaluation was significant for elevated liver enzymes. Due to concern for acute hepatitis and persistent fever the patient was hospitalized. During his hospital course, no infectious etiology was found to explain his symptoms. After discharge from the hospital, additional testing showed positive serology for Q fever IgG phase II antibody (1:8192) and phase II antibody IgM (>1:2048). He was treated with doxycycline and had a good clinical response. Upon follow-up, he had worsening Phase I IgG serologies. Transesophageal echo demonstrated vegetations consistent with endocarditis.
