The change in the plant growth parameters is shown in model experiments by the example of various commercial high-yielding varieties of green peas (Sofia, Alfa, and Triumf) cultivated in sod-podzolic ...soil, when a toxic concentration of copper ions (165 mg/kg) and an ultradisperse humate-sapropel suspension (UDHSS) (0.005%–50 ppm) were introduced into the environment. The experiments were carried out two times in four repetitions for each variant under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture. It is shown that for all varieties, the introduction of the metal led to a decrease in the yield, by 57% for the varieties of Alfa and Sofia and by 45% for the Triumf variety. Moreover, in the latter, according to the ratio of inhibition of the biomass of the aboveground/underground organs, the root system turned out to be more stable to the toxicant effect. The average indices of root biomass reduction were only 29%, while for the other two varieties they were 52–62% of the control. When the substrate was contaminated, the Triumf variety differed in having values of copper accumulation in its biomass two times lower than the other two, which, in terms of the degree of tolerance, makes it rather a phytoexcluder for this metal. In addition, soil contamination with toxic copper led to an increase in the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of the Triumf peas by 15%, which is probably also associated with activation of the mechanism of nonspecific compensatory responses of the cultivar adaptation to stress. The introduction of the UDHSS into the medium neutralized the toxic effect of copper in all the above parameters towards the control.
In 139 patients with verified gastric cancer, the infiltration of the postoperative material with CD8
+
cells was analyzed. Automated morphometric analysis of immunostained slides was performed ...separately in different specimen sites (tumor center, invasive edge, and peritumoral mucosa). The mean area of infiltrating CD8
+
cells in the tumor center and in the invasive edge was not predictive, while in the peritumoral mucosa it provided a new negative predictive factor (hazard ratio 2.10; confidence interval 0.87-4.92, Cox regression) reliably associated with the TNM stage (hazard ratio 1.91; confidence interval 0.91-4.61, Cox regression).
The effect of a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) Bacillus sp. V2026, a producer of indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), on the ontogenesis and productivity of four genotypes ...of early-maturing spring wheat was studied under controlled conditions. The inoculation of wheat plants with Bacillus sp. V2026 increased the levels of endogenous IAA and GA in wheat of all genotypes and the level of trans-Zeatin in Sonora 64 and Leningradskaya rannyaya cvs but decreased it in AFI177 and AFI91 ultra-early lines. Interactions between the factors “genotype” and “inoculation” were significant for IAA, GA, and trans-Zeatin concentrations in wheat shoots and roots. The inoculation increased the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids and reduced lipid peroxidation in leaves of all genotypes. The inoculation resulted in a significant increase in grain yield (by 33–62%), a reduction in the time for passing the stages of ontogenesis (by 2–3 days), and an increase in the content of macro- and microelements and protein in the grain. Early-maturing wheat genotypes showed a different response to inoculation with the bacterium Bacillus sp. V2026. Cv. Leningradskaya rannyaya was most responsive to inoculation with Bacillus sp. V2026.
Efficient plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) used as biofertilizers and biological control agents are promising substitutes for minimizing the application of synthetic agrochemicals in crop ...production. We studied the effect of PGPR strain Bacillus velezensis BS89 alone and in combination with three forms of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, carbamide, and ammonium sulfate) on the productivity of two strawberry varieties in three-year field experiments. We first showed that the application of PGPR Bacillus velezensis BS89 on strawberries demonstrated the same effect as the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Use of the strain BS89 increased the chlorophyll content in plant leaves by 2.7–6.8%, and also increased the yield of berries by 6.7–36.4% for cv. Rusich and 7.5–19.3% for cv. Troitskaya depending on the form of nitrogen fertilizer. The best results in the yield of strawberry plants of the cv. Rusich were achieved in the variant BS89 + ammonium nitrate (41.9–57.4%), and the cv. Troitskaya—in the BS89 + carbamide variant (8.1–38.8%). Three-year use of strain BS89 for cv. Rusich resulted in an increase of runner’s weight by 212.1%, and also the weight of the roots by 120%, thereby significantly improving the mineral nutrition of plants. This is mainly associated with the plant growth-promoting activity of Bacillus velezensis BS89, which was able to produce a high amount of IAA—494.1 µg/mL. We believe that the PGPR strain BS89 can be successfully used for growing strawberries. However, each variety requires careful selection of the composition of nitrogen fertilizers and analysis of the compatibility of fertilizers and the PGPR strain.
Synchrotron radiation incident on a block of multilayer X-ray mirrors of a two-mirror monochromator heats a silicon substrate, which leads to thermal deformation and an increase in the angular error ...of the surface shape. The work examines the heating of a block of multilayer X-ray mirrors by a synchrotron beam with a power of up to 200 W with an energy in the range of 8–36 keV at grazing angles of incidence in the range of 0.5°–1.3°. Using SolidWorks software, the silicon-substrate parameters for mirrors with grooves on the end surface are calculated at which the root-mean-square deviation of the angular error of the substrate’s surface shape is about 1 μrad for a grazing angle of 1.3°, and for smaller angles it is less than 1 μrad. Heat is removed from the substrate surface by water using copper radiators. Reducing the beam aperture at the monochromator output makes it possible to obtain rays reflected from the surface of mirrors, which has a standard deviation of the surface shape of an order of 0.5 μrad, while maintaining 88% of the initial beam power at a grazing angle of 1.3°. The use of a piezoelectric actuator to correct the substrate’s surface shape makes it possible to reduce the root-mean-square shape error to 0.1 μrad and 0.05 μrad at grazing angles of 0.9° and 0.5°, respectively.
Using the model of multipath propagation of radio waves and the method of unscented Kalman filtering, a nonlinear adaptive algorithm for tracking low-flying targets in a monopulse radar station has ...been developed. This algorithm, in contrast to the extended Kalman filter, makes it possible to compensate for significant autocorrelated interference in measurements of the elevation angle of low-flying targets, arising from reflections of radio waves from the underlying surface. The results of simulation of the proposed algorithm are presented.
A brief description of the concept of a soft X-ray microscope for the Nanoscope station, which is planned to be installed at the SKIF fourth-generation synchrotron, is given. The microscope is ...designed to study the structure of cells and dynamic processes in them with nanometer spatial resolution. It will use a unique absorption contrast of ~15 between carbon-containing structures and water in the spectral range of the water window, λ = 2.3–4.3 nm, which eliminates the need for contrasting and the use of fluorophores and minimizes the doses of ionizing radiation absorbed in the samples to obtain high-quality 3D images. The scanning and projection schemes of the microscope, their main technical characteristics, including the calculated spectra and parameters of the undulator source are presented, and an estimate of the absorbed doses depending on the resolution is obtained. The main advantage of the proposed concept lies in the use of an objective lens of high-aperture multilayer X-ray mirrors, which makes it possible to clearly visualize the focal section of the sample. Technically simple axial tomography will also be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of frozen or dried samples. In the scanning scheme, due to a low dose of radiation, it will be possible to study living plant cells with a resolution of up to 10 nm, animals with a resolution of up to 80 nm, and cryofixed samples with a resolution of up to 5 nm. In the projection scheme, due to simultaneous observation of the entire focal
XY
section, the time for obtaining three-dimensional images is significantly reduced, but due to a large dose, it will be oriented mainly on the study of fixed samples.
We present the conceptual design of a universal materials-research beamline based on the undulator of a fourth-generation synchrotron-radiation source. The distinctive feature of the beamline is its ...capability to work with both spectrally narrow (Δ
E
/
E
~ 10
–4
) and relatively broad, high-intensity radiation beams (5 × 10
–2
). The optical scheme enables rapid switching between diffraction, radiographic, and spectroscopic experimental methods while keeping the beam’s position fixed on the test sample and varying the spot size of the radiation from 100 nm to 1 mm.
Endophytic bacteria can be used to overcome the effect of salinity stress and promote plant growth and nutrient uptake.
colonizes a wide range of habitats due to survival in extreme environments and ...unique physiological characteristics, such as a high tolerance for salt, heavy metals, and ultraviolet and gamma radiations. The aim of our study was to examine the salt resistance of the endophytic strain TS3
and its ability to produce phytohormones and verify its effect on plant yield in field trials and the alleviation of salt stress in pot experiments. We demonstrate that the strain TS3 is capable of producing enzymes and phytohormones such as IAA, ABA and tZ. In pot experiments with radish and oat plants in salinization, the strain TS3 contributed to the partial removal of the negative effect of salinization. The compensatory effect of the strain TS3 on radish plants during salinization was 46.7%, and for oats, it was 108%. We suppose that such a pronounced effect on the plants grown and the salt stress is connected with its ability to produce phytohormones. Genome analysis of the strain TS3 showed the presence of the necessary genes for the synthesis of compounds responsible for the alleviation of the salt stress. Strain
TS3 can be considered a promising candidate for developing biofertilizer to alleviate salt stress and increase plant yield.
Ensuring the technical and technological possibility of regularly obtaining fresh, high-quality plant production in Antarctic stations is an urgent task of our time. This work is devoted to studying ...the growth and development of leaf vegetable crops and the main quality indicators of their edible parts when grown in the phytotechnical complex greenhouses at the “Vostok” Antarctic station and at the agrobiopolygon of the Agrophysical Research Institute (AFI). The plants, belonging to 13 varieties of 9 types of leaf vegetable crops (arugula, garden cress, cabbage, mustard, leaf radish, leaf lettuce, amaranth, dill, parsley leaf), were studied during five growing seasons at the “Vostok” station and at the AFI agrobiopolygon under controlled conditions (control). The experimental data obtained demonstrate the high productivity of the phytotechnical complex for most of the investigated crops per unit of useful area, with lower costs of electricity and water consumption per unit of production compared with a number of greenhouses at foreign Antarctic stations and greenhouse complexes with controlled conditions located on other continents. Lettuce crops were the most adapted to the growing conditions at the Antarctic station “Vostok”. They did not differ in their evaluated characteristics from the control. All other investigated crops, while not differing in their development rate and quality, had statistically significant (16–61%) decreases in their yield per 1 m2 per year. This may demonstrate the difference in the “genotype–environment” interaction in plants grown at the Antarctic station and AFI agrobiopolygon, probably due to the different barometric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen at the two locations. The positive psychological effects of the greenhouses were identified along with nutritional and other qualities of the plants.
