The article deals with the vital problem of a complex town-planning analysis based on the "hexographic" graphic analytic method, makes a comparison with conventional terrain estimate methods and ...contains the method application examples. It discloses a procedure of the author's estimate of restrictions and building of a mathematical model which reflects not only conventional town-planning restrictions, but also social and aesthetic aspects of the analyzed territory. The method allows one to quickly get an idea of the territory potential. It is possible to use an unlimited number of estimated factors. The method can be used for the integrated assessment of urban areas. In addition, it is possible to use the methods of preliminary evaluation of the territory commercial attractiveness in the preparation of investment projects. The technique application results in simple informative graphics. Graphical interpretation is straightforward from the experts. A definite advantage is the free perception of the subject results as they are not prepared professionally. Thus, it is possible to build a dialogue between professionals and the public on a new level allowing to take into account the interests of various parties. At the moment, the method is used as a tool for the preparation of integrated urban development projects at the Department of Architecture in Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "South Ural State University (National Research University)", FSAEIHE SUSU (NRU). The methodology is included in a course of lectures as the material on architectural and urban design for architecture students. The same methodology was successfully tested in the preparation of business strategies for the development of some territories in the Chelyabinsk region. This publication is the first in a series of planned activities developing and describing the methodology of hexographical analysis in urban and architectural practice. It is also planned to create a software product that allows one to automate the process of site assessment on the basis of the methodology.
High-solids incubations were performed to enrich for microbial communities and enzymes that decompose rice straw under mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions. Thermophilic enrichments ...yielded a community that was 7.5 times more metabolically active on rice straw than mesophilic enrichments. Extracted xylanase and endoglucanse activities were also 2.6 and 13.4 times greater, respectively, for thermophilic enrichments. Metagenome sequencing was performed on enriched communities to determine community composition and mine for genes encoding lignocellulolytic enzymes. Proteobacteria were found to dominate the mesophilic community while Actinobacteria were most abundant in the thermophilic community. Analysis of protein family representation in each metagenome indicated that cellobiohydrolases containing carbohydrate binding module 2 (CBM2) were significantly overrepresented in the thermophilic community. Micromonospora, a member of Actinobacteria, primarily housed these genes in the thermophilic community. In light of these findings, Micromonospora and other closely related Actinobacteria genera appear to be promising sources of thermophilic lignocellulolytic enzymes for rice straw deconstruction under high-solids conditions. Furthermore, these discoveries warrant future research to determine if exoglucanases with CBM2 represent thermostable enzymes tolerant to the process conditions expected to be encountered during industrial biofuel production.
Abstract
Introduction
In Russia, mortality rates from CVD are one of the highest in the world. In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that the contribution of a modifying risk factors to ...cardiovascular mortality in different populations can vary significantly.
Aim
To evaluate the 7-year survival and association of risk factors with cardiovascular mortality among rural residents of Russia.
Materials and methods
This study was carried out as part of the international project InterEpid, which included a one-stage epidemiological study of the prevalence of major chronic noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors (n=1050), and a prospective stage among residents of rural areas of Russia. The analysis includes the results of a survey of representative samples of the rural population of the Samara Region of Russian Federation (n=919) aged 20–64, response rate 87,5%.The following endpoints are included in the analysis: 1. Cases of death from all causes; 2. Deaths from CVD.
Results
In Samara region 7-year survival was 92.7%. Cardiovascular diseases were most frequent cause of deaths (42%). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly associated with hypertension RR 2.11 (1.32; 2.94), p=0.004, low physical activity RR 1.82 (1.02; 2.41), p=0.009, high salt intake RR 1.28 (0.84; 2.21), p=0.03 and high processed meat intake RR 1.37 (0.91; 1.93), p=0.03. Smoking had a significant effect on cardiovascular mortality only among men RR 2.11 (1.14; 2.84), p=0.005.
Conclusion
7-year follow up demonstrated significant unfavorable effect of smoking on men's cardiovascular mortality; hypertension, low physical activity, high salt and processed meat intake on the risk of cardiovascular mortality in both sexes in rural areas of Russia. All this underlines the need to develop differentiated preventive and treatment and preventive programs adjusted to country specific of risk factors prevalence and its impact on the prognosis.
7-year survival (Samara region)
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
The results of studying the effect of geometric and thermodynamic parameters of thermal evaporation and copper deposition on graphene lying on the Cu(111) surface on the adsorption of copper atoms, ...as well as their surface diffusion, are presented. The simulation is carried out by classical molecular dynamics using chains of Nose–Hoover thermostats. Interatomic interactions are determined by the Tersoff–Brenner, Rosato–Guillope–Legrand, and modified Morse potentials. A simple criterion for the thermalization of adatoms on graphene lying on a Cu(111) surface is formulated and tested. The average length and the mean free path time of the copper atom before and after thermalization at low (7 K) and room temperatures are studied for two evaporation temperatures. The probability of adsorption of the copper atom is found. The distributions along the directions of motion of adatoms during equilibrium diffusion are constructed. The distributions of the free path length and time are shown to have an exponential form. The influence of the Cu(111) substrate on the diffusion of the Cu atom on graphene is studied. The results obtained can be used to simulate the growth of copper nanoclusters on graphene by the kinetic Monte Carlo method.
The mechanisms of phase interactions in granular media were studied to elaborate the results obtained previously at the Nekrasov Iron and Steel Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of ...Ukraine to establish analytical methods for predicting the strength acquired by compacts produced from fine-grained materials. This allowed the development of theoretical ideas on the adhesive bonds formed in pellets to propose local models of adhesive processes for two basic particle interaction schemes: ‘particle + particle’ and ‘particle + liquid phase + particle’. Types of adhesion processes occurring simultaneously, as well as their nature and combinations, were established for each local model. This provided grounds for selecting factors that governed the formation of adhesive bonds and indicators that determined the rate of their development. Experimental studies were conducted in laboratory facilities of the Nekrasov Iron and Steel Institute for assessing the nature and extent of influence exerted by the selected factors on the strength of compacts. The experimental results were used to establish analytical dependences to describe the strength as a function of integral indicators of adhesive bond formation, taking into account the pelletizing pressure. These dependencies underlay the proposed method for predicting the strength of pellets produced from fine-grained materials with zero moisture in the range of pelletizing pressures from 50 to 220 MPa. The proposed computational and analytical method allowed determining the strength of pellets with high accuracy. Thus, it can be successfully used to develop processes for the production of pellets and the development of compaction equipment. The proposed method may be developed further through the expansion of its capabilities by predicting the strength of compacts considering liquid bonding agents introduced into the starting charge.
A design procedure for nonstationary production systems is outlined. On the basis of the generalized mathematical model, specific models for components of nonstationary systems are developed. In ...particular, a model for slipway finishing of a part prior to welding in submarine hulls is proposed.
Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) absorption, flash photolysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the mechanism of formation and structure of complexes in the ...1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indoline (SP, also well known as BIPS) with Al3+ (inorganic salts) in ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), and in aqueous MeOH solutions. A labile (equilibrium constants ≤ 5000 M−1) complex of SP and Al3+ with broad absorption band in the UV‐vis with λmax = 380 nm appeared promptly in the presence of an excess of Al3+. The slow formation of a stable complex (SC) between Al3+ and two merocyanine (MC) forms of SP with an intensive absorption band at λmax = 430 nm is observed with a yield of 1.0 upon keeping the solutions of these two compounds at constant concentration ratio Al3+ ≥SP/2 in the dark. The rate constants of such SC formation were close to the corresponding rate constant of the transformation of SP into MC in the dark (5.0×10−5‐1×10‐3 s‐1, depending upon the solvent). The photolysis of the SC with visible light (λ > 400 nm) results in the total conversion of the SC into SP. The SC forms promptly after the addition of Al3+ at concentrations of the same order as those of MC. This method allows detection of Al3+ to concentrations as low as 50 nM. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the SP and MC reactions and of their complex formation with Al3+ are discussed.
A new stable colored complex of a merocyanine form of 1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indoline with Al3+ was observed. Spectroscopic, kinetic, and thermodynamic properties of the study systems are presented. The developed method allows detection of Al3+ at concentrations as low as 50nM.
Background. In January 2008, 3 persons with acute hepatitis C who all underwent endoscopy at a single facility in Nevada were identified. Method. We reviewed clinical and laboratory data from ...initially detected cases of acute hepatitis C and reviewed infection control practices at the clinic where case patients underwent endoscopy. Persons who underwent procedures on days when the case patients underwent endoscopy were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and other bloodborne pathogens. Quasispecies analysis determined the relatedness of HCV in persons infected. Results. In addition to the 3 initial cases, 5 additional cases of clinic-acquired HCV infection were identified from 2 procedure dates included in this initial field investigation. Quasispecies analysis revealed 2 distinct clusters of clinic-acquired HCV infections and a source patient related to each cluster, suggesting separate transmission events. Of 49 HCV-susceptible persons whose procedures followed that of the source patient on 25 July 2007, 1 (2%) was HCV infected. Among 38 HCV-susceptible persons whose procedures followed that of another source patient on 21 September 2007, 7 (18%) were HCV infected. Reuse of syringes on single patients in conjunction with use of single-use propofol vials for multiple patients was observed during normal clinic operations. Conclusions. Patient-to-patient transmission of HCV likely resulted from contamination of single-use medication vials that were used for multiple patients during anesthesia administration. The resulting public health notification of ∼50,000 persons was the largest of its kind in United States health care. This investigation highlighted breaches in aseptic technique, deficiencies in oversight of outpatient settings, and difficulties in detecting and investigating such outbreaks.
Roller presses are most common pelletizing and compacting machines for fine-grained materials in metallurgy and related industries. Rollers with replaceable tires, whose effective surfaces are ...equipped with molding elements, are major components that directly exert a force on the material being compacted. The press surface configuration significantly influences the compaction conditions and the quality of pellets. Analysis of information sources shows that there is currently no single systematic approach to choosing the rational surface configuration for roller press tires. A large number of process and service parameters indicates that the choice of rational surface configuration for press tires should be based on multivariate analysis methods. Therefore, a systematic approach to the choice of rational geometrical parameters for roller press tires and a method that implements this approach have been developed. The method represents the problem in question as a three-level hierarchy: options for the design of tires, criteria to evaluate the rationality, and the most rational tire design. A specific example demonstrates how the proposed approach is applied to choose the configuration of pressing surfaces to promote the required parameters of charge compaction, the tires having the longest possible service life, and ensure that the press is operated within its technical characteristics. The proposed systematic approach and the method developed to implement it allow the geometrical parameters of press roller surfaces to be compared and evaluated for rationality at the design stage. The results can be used as a constituent part in the development of specialized software for the calculation and design of roller presses.
Semileptonic decays of the
meson to certain excited states of the
meson in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are analyzed. The technique for reconstructing signals without ...identification of charged tracks in events is developed, its operability is successfully tested on the data on proton—proton collisions at the center-of-mass energy
TeV. It can be used later, in particular, to measure the probabilities of the decays under study.
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