Universal Kriging has not until now been used for mapping of geological data in Croatia. However, it is one of the most frequently used methods of Kriging, probably the most adequate in cases when ...the input data is marked by a common trend. That exact feature is often an attribute of deep geological data, and thereby that of structural maps. Mapped surfaces in a row of examples have a structural trend towards one cardinal direction, or a sequence of geological structures, like anticlinorium, is a part of a structural unit of a higher order such as regional monocline. An example is given of geographical trend recognition in e-log Z’ surface spread in Šandrovac Field as well as successful mapping of that marker depth variable by using Universal Kriging.
The advancement of science and computer development enabled the processing and analysis of large amounts of data for which the geostatistical methods have become indispensable when researching and ...presenting the results in a variety of geosciences. One of the most noted and most accurate geostatistical estimation method is the Kriging method, which estimates the value of the analysed variables at unsampled locations. There are several Kriging techniques, while the most widely used is Ordinary Kriging, at the global level, as well as in Croatian geology. Here, Universal Kriging is described, the purpose of its use and the terminology associated with it in order to facilitate the understanding and use of this technique. It is a technique that is most appropriate when the input data is marked by a trend, and as such can often be applied in geology.
Canine babesiosis is caused by species of the Babesia genus and has become an emerging disease worldwide. To the authors' knowledge there are no reports in which antioxidants have been analyzed in ...different presentations of canine babesiosis or in which the prognostic value of antioxidants has been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oxidative stress could be related to the severity and outcome of canine babesiosis. For this purpose a profile consisting of four antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione peroxidase - GPx, catalase, total antioxidant status - TAS) and malondialdehyde - MDA as an oxidant biomarker (previously evaluated, here studied for comparative purposes) were evaluated in dogs with canine babesiosis of different clinical severity and outcomes.
The study was conducted with a sample of 40 dogs suffering from babesiosis (further divided into uncomplicated, one complication and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome - MODS group) and 30 healthy dogs (control group). Additionally, the babesiosis group was divided according to the anaemia into non-anaemic, mildly anaemic, moderately anaemic and severely anaemic dogs. The results of our study showed significantly decreased SOD, catalase and TAS values in diseased dogs compared to controls, while there were no significant differences in GPx between these groups. Dogs that developed MODS showed lower activities of SOD and GPx and higher MDA values compared to dogs with uncomplicated babesiosis as well as with dogs that developed one complication. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and GPx were negatively correlated whereas MDA was positively correlated with the lethal outcome of the disease. Furthermore, this study detected more pronounced decrease in antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GPx and catalase) in dogs with moderate anaemia compared to those with mild anaemia.
The results of this study showed changes in biomarkers related to the antioxidant status of dogs naturally infected with B. canis canis. These biomarkers could be used as indicators of disease severity and outcome in dogs suffering from babesiosis.
The medical records databases (March 2016 to March 2021) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, were examined to determine the frequency and clinical relevance of cytological ...diagnoses from fine-needle fenestration biopsy (FNFB) of the spleen in dogs with visible ultrasound changes. Seventy-five dogs were divided into clinically relevant and irrelevant groups, according to the clinical relevance of the diagnosis. The incidence of clinically relevant diagnoses was 28/75 (37.3%). Malignant diagnoses were over-represented (23/28; 82.1%), followed by hemorrhages/hematomas (3/28; 10.7%) and suppurative inflammation (2/28; 7.1%). The most common malignancy was lymphoma (12/28; 42.9%). There was no correlation between the ultrasound lesions examined and the relevant cytological diagnoses, except in cases of patchy echo texture (P = 0.010). Lesion size greater than 1.74 cm had the highest sensitivity/specificity values (91.3%; 42.1%) with a significant area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68 (P = 0.029) for predicting clinically relevant findings. The complication rate due to bleeding was 2/130 (1.5%). In conclusion, splenic FNFB can be safely performed in dogs as it carries a low risk of development of complications. Specific ultrasonographic findings, such as patchy echo texture pattern, may increase the suspicion of the presence of neoplastic disease in the form of lymphoma. According to ROC analysis, lesion size greater than 1.74 increases the possibility of predicting clinically relevant findings.
Advancement of science and computer development enabled the processing and analysis of large amounts of data for which the geostatistical methods have become indispensable when researching and ...presenting the results in a variety of geosciences. One of the most noted and most accurate geostatistical estimation method is Kriging method, which estimates the value of the analysed variables at unsampled locations. There are several Kriging techniques, while the most widely used is Ordinary Kriging, at the global level, as well as in Croatian geology. Here was Universal Kriging described, the purpose of its use and the terminology associated with it in order to facilitate the understanding and use of this technique. It is a technique that is most appropriate when the input data is marked by a trend, and as such can often be applied in geology.
Acid-base disturbances have been reported in severe canine babesiosis caused by Babesia rossi (B. rossi), but they have not been studied in babesiosis caused by B. canis. The objective of this study ...was to determine the acid-base status, blood gases and electrolyte concentrations in naturally occurring canine babesiosis caused by B. canis, and to compare the results to those in healthy dogs. Two groups of animals were used: group 1 consisted of 10 healthy dogs, and group 2 consisted of 14 dogs naturally infected with B. canis. The following acid-base disturbances occurred in the dogs with naturally occurring babesiosis: half of the dogs had a mixed acid-base disorder, and the other half a simple acid-base disorder. The most common mixed disorder was metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis. It may be said that a variety of acid-base disorders occurs in canine babesiosis. The dogs in the present study had metabolic acidosis due to hyperlactemia and hyperchloremia, metabolic alkalosis due to hypochloremia and hypoalbuminemia, and respiratory alkalosis due to hypoxemia. With the use of the strong-ion difference approach clearer recognition of mixed acid-base disorders and their better understanding is possible.
As a special forest vegetation reserve, the Prašnik rain forest is a highly protected area which owes its protection not only to a unique composition of trees, but also to its geographical position ...and, to an extent, historical events. It is situated on the Sava River left bank, north of the city of Stara Gradiška (cca. 3 km). The study area belongs to the southwestern part of Pannonian Basin, specifically the Sava Depression. The aim of this study was to assess a possible impact of war activities in Croatia (23 years ago) when numerous mines were laid in this region and to establish a major and trace metal baseline concentrations for future investigations. Ten topsoil (S) samples were taken randomly with adjacent vegetation (bark and leaves) at each site. Major and trace metal concentrations were measured for all three types of samples using the ICP method. Analysed soils are composed of quartz, micaceous mineral, 14Å mineral, plagioclase and mixed layer minerals. All metal values in the sample taken from an ex-mine crater are 2-4 times higher compared to other. Generally, positive statistically significant Kendall’s Tau correlation coefficients of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were found for all combinations of the S (soil), B (bark), and L (leaf) groups. Such results indicate that the war activity have played a certain role in a distribution pattern of soil as well as vegetative trace metal levels.
The records of all canine patients (86) that had been diagnosed with babesiosis and that were admitted to the Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb from January 2007 to ...December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. All dogs that had been diagnosed with canine babesiosis and that had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) followed by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and refractory hypotension, were included in this study. Of 86 patients diagnosed with canine babesiosis that were admitted during the study period, 10 had evidence of septic shock and were included in this study. Seven of the 10 dogs had a level of parasitaemia above 1%, with the highest level being 20.2%, seven of the 10 dogs were anaemic and three of the 10 dogs were leucopoenic. Thrombocytopenia was present in nine dogs. Hypoglycaemia was noted in two dogs, and bilirubinaemia in nine dogs.
Four patients had involvement of two organs, five had involvement of three organs, and one had involvement of four organs. The organ that was most frequently involved was the kidney (nine cases). Central nervous system dysfunction was the rarest complication noted (one case). The mortality rate in non-septic shock canine babesiosis was 2.6%. All dogs that developed septic shock died between the first and the fourth day after admission. The 100% mortality rate that is reported here reflects the fact that in cases in which progression of the inflammatory response leads to the development of septic shock, an unfavourable outcome should be expected.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), haematocrit (HCT) and platelet number (PLT) were quantified and compared with the acute phase proteins (APPs) in dogs naturally ...infected with
Babesia canis and healthy dogs. Both groups were treated with imidocarb dipropionate on the day of admission and both groups were monitored for all parameters on the admission day and on the first, second, third, fourth and seventh days in order to determine the presence of an acute phase reaction, to assess the diagnostic value of these markers in uncomplicated canine babesiosis and to evaluate the use of APPs in treatment monitoring.
It was demonstrated that an acute phase response occurs in dogs naturally infected with
Babesia canis, with significant increases in the concentration of major acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) decreased daily after treatment and approached reference range values by the eighth day. PLT and haematocrit (HCT) increased daily after treatment and approached reference range values by the fourth day. WBC and haptoglobin increased after treatment and then decreased from the third and fourth days, respectively, to the eighth day. The diagnostic sensitivity of CRP, SAA and PLT was significantly higher compared to haptoglobin, ESR, HCT and the WBC count. CRP and SAA were of clinical use in monitoring the response to antibabesial treatment.
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