Red seabream (Pagrus major), a migratory fish, is characterized by high protein levels in the muscle. South Korean and Japanese red seabreams have a general distribution pattern; however, ...distinguishing them based on their geographical origin is difficult. In this study, we used capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS) to analyze the red seabream muscle metabolome to investigate how can distinguish the origin of the fish. The metabolites were extracted using 50% acetonitrile in water. Chromatographic separation was successfully used to classify the metabolite profiles of Japanese and South Korean red seabream. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed good ability to categorize the samples according to their origin. Amino acids showed the greatest quantitative difference in South Korean and Japanese muscle samples. Specifically, the L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-isoleucine, dimethylglycine, and L-valine levels in Japanese red seabream samples were significantly higher than those in South Korean samples. In contrast, the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide and inosine monophosphate in South Korean muscle samples were significantly higher than those in Japanese red muscle samples. The monitored metabolite profiles suggest that South Korean and Japanese red seabreams can be identified on the basis of amino acid levels.
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the retreatment efficacy and amount of residual sealer in a single canal filled with either EndoSequence BC (Brasseler, Savannah, GA) or AH ...Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). Methods Canal obturation with gutta-percha and sealer was performed in 28 human teeth using the continuous wave technique. Group 1 ( n = 13) used AH Plus sealer, and group 2 ( n = 15) used EndoSequence BC sealer. After 7 days, the root fillings were removed using Gates Glidden drills and a nickel-titanium rotary system. Retreatment time was measured in seconds. Canal cleanliness was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The remaining debris in the canal space and penetration into dentinal tubules were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Retreatment time was compared using the Student t test, and differences in sealer penetration and remaining debris between the groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test ( P < .05). Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the amount of dentin penetration, amount of debris, or retreatment time. With respect to penetration depth, the AH Plus group showed a slightly higher percentage than the BC group, with a significant difference only in the portion 6 mm from the apex ( P < .05). Scanning electron microscopic images showed significant debris remaining on canal walls in both groups, whereas canal patency in retreatment was achieved in every specimen. Conclusions The present study shows that EndoSequence BC sealer and AH Plus sealer have similar efficacy in dentin penetration and retreatment efficacy.
The incidence and prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Korea are increasing, and ESKD constitutes a very important medical and social issue. Elderly dialysis patients have the highest ...risk of early mortality within 3 months after initiating dialysis, and geriatric syndromes such as aging, frailty, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment are crucial for the prognosis of elderly patients. Shared decision-making (SDM) is an approach through which clinicians and patients can achieve informed preferences, thereby yielding better clinical outcomes and quality of life. Through SDM-based, close consultation among patients, families, and healthcare providers, an ESKD Life-Plan for elderly patients should be established. A multidisciplinary approach led by nephrologists can help them to provide proper vascular access for dialysis at the right time, with the right evidence, and to the right patient. Strategies that can improve peritoneal dialysis in elderly patients include assisted peritoneal dialysis, homecare support programs, and automated peritoneal dialysis. In order to enhance the role of kidney transplantation in elderly patients with ESKD, it is necessary to accurately identify patients' clinical conditions before transplantation and to perform active rehabilitation activities and postoperative management to promote recovery after transplantation. With the aging population and the increase in ESKD in the elderly, clinicians must identify factors affecting the mortality and quality of life of elderly dialysis patients.
While many school retrofits in Korea tend to focus on energy savings, some school operation practices and policies in the field may cause indoor air quality issues. This study aims to analyze the ...indoor air quality impact when selected measures of the energy retrofit package are applied to classrooms in a real operation context with actual airflow and contaminant transport characteristics. The selected measures included replacement of envelope windows/doors/hallway-side windows, more airtight enclosures as a byproduct of adding envelope insulation, ventilation systems and air purifiers under various operating conditions, and natural ventilation. Actual classrooms with the ages of 10, 20, and 80 years were selected. Their CONTAM base models were calibrated with the measured airflow and contaminant transport variables per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5157. The near-open-air hallways and frequent door opening made ambient PM2.5 in the hallways, which initially originated from outdoors, flow into the classrooms. Therefore, the infiltrations and penetrations from hallways to classrooms should also be secured along with those via the envelope. When the enclosures’ airtightness is enhanced, mechanical ventilation and filtration should be in operation. Specifically, they should operate independently from school energy demand reduction policy. Installing a high-efficiency filter can help a situation when mechanical ventilation needs to run at a reduced volume. Natural ventilation, as intended for energy savings, should be introduced only when the outdoor conditions are desirable and should be supplemented with a high-capacity air purifier to maintain stable indoor concentrations.
Advancements in remote medical technologies and smart devices have led to expectations of contactless rehabilitation. Conventionally, rehabilitation requires clinicians to perform routine muscle ...function assessments with patients. However, assessment results are difficult to cross-reference owing to the lack of a gold standard. Thus, the application of remote smart rehabilitation systems is significantly hindered. This study analyzes the factors affecting the real-time evaluation of muscle function based on biometric sensor data so that we can provide a basis for a remote system. We acquired real clinical stroke patient data to identify the meaningful features associated with normal and abnormal musculature. We provide a system based on these emerging features that assesses muscle functionality in real time via streamed biometric signal data. A system view based on the amount of data, data processing speed, and feature proportions is provided to support the production of a rudimentary remote smart rehabilitation system.
Mass effect from polycystic kidney and liver enlargement can result in significant clinical complications and symptoms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In this single-center ...study, we examined the correlation of height-adjusted total liver volume (htTLV) and total kidney volume (htTKV) by CT imaging with hepatic complications (n = 461) and abdominal symptoms (n = 253) in patients with ADPKD. "Mass-effect" complications were assessed by review of medical records and abdominal symptoms, by a standardized research questionnaire. Overall, 91.8% of patients had 4 or more liver cysts on CT scans. Polycystic liver disease (PLD) was classified as none or mild (htTLV < 1,600 mL/m); moderate (1,600 ≤ htTLV <3,200 mL/m); and severe (htTLV ≥ 3,200 mL/m). The prevalence of moderate and severe PLD in our patient cohort was 11.7% (n = 54/461) and 4.8% (n = 22/461), respectively, with a female predominance in both the moderate (61.1%) and severe (95.5%) PLD groups. Pressure-related complications such as leg edema (20.4%), ascites (16.6%), and hernia (3.6%) were common, and patients with moderate to severe PLD exhibited a 6-fold increased risk (compared to no or mild PLD) for these complications in multivariate analysis. Similarly, abdominal symptoms including back pain (58.8%), flank pain (53.1%), abdominal fullness (46.5%), and dyspnea/chest-discomfort (44.3%) were very common, and patients with moderate to severe PLD exhibited a 5-fold increased risk for these symptoms. Moderate to severe PLD is a common and clinically important problem in ~16% of patients with ADPKD who may benefit from referral to specialized centers for further management.
Mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) has long been consumed in Korea. Recently, Chinese mud loaches were replaced with expensive Korean mud loaches, owing to taste and preference. Such issues occur in ...aquatic food distribution processes, leading to inferior food delivery. Previously, a study was conducted to confirm the origin of mud loaches using genetic analysis. However, untargeted metabolites profiling of mud loaches has not been reported. Untargeted metabolomics provides information on the overall metabolic profiling of a sample, allowing the identification of new metabolites. Here, we analyzed the metabolites of mud loaches of different geographical origins using liquid chromatography (LC)-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis from LC/MS datasets showed a clear distinction between Korean and Chinese mud loaches, and univariate statistical analysis showed significantly different metabolites between them. N-acetylhistidine and anserine were selected as biomarkers for geographical origin discrimination using the receiver operating characteristic curve. N-acetylhistidine and anserine levels were significantly higher in Chinese than in Korean mud loaches. These results indicate that metabolic analysis can be used to discriminate between the geographical origins of mud loaches, curtailing the inadvertent substitution of mud loaches from different regions.
Level 3 autonomous vehicles require conditional autonomous driving in which autonomous and manual driving are alternately performed; whether the driver can resume manual driving within a limited time ...should be examined. This study investigates whether the demographics and subjective driving tendencies of drivers affect the take‐over performance. We measured and analyzed the reengagement and stabilization time after a take‐over request from the autonomous driving system to manual driving using a vehicle simulator that supports the driver's take‐over mechanism. We discovered that the driver's reengagement and stabilization time correlated with the speeding and wild driving tendency as well as driving workload questionnaires. To verify the efficiency of subjective questionnaire information, we tested whether the driver with slow or fast reengagement and stabilization time can be detected based on machine learning techniques and obtained results. We expect to apply these results to training programs for autonomous vehicles' users and personalized human–vehicle interfaces for future autonomous vehicles.
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