In spite of the general current decrease in COVID-19 incidence, the epidemiological situation on the territory of the Czech Republic is still unfavourable. Nurses play an essential role in the fight ...against this disease.
A non-standardized questionnaire was used to discover the expectations regarding nursing care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of respondents was constructed using quota selection. The sample consisted of 1,815 respondents.
The study identified a significant correlation between the age of respondents and the method used to contact general practitioners (p < 0.001). The oldest respondents (65+) more likely contacted GPs by phone. Respondents with basic education used outpatient services more often before than during the pandemic (p < 0.05). The behaviour of nurses was considered as professional and accommodating. The oldest respondents (65+) reported nurses did not to make them feel rushed. Other age groups rated nurses more critically (p < 0.01). Respondents, especially women, described the psychological burden on nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic as demanding (p < 0.01). Women, more than men, reported that nurses lacked protective equipment during the pandemic (p < 0.05). The use of an online system was significantly influenced by respondent education (p 0.001). Respondents with lower education were less likely to welcome this option.
Due to the persisting COVID-19 incidence on the territory of the Czech Republic, citizens` opinions of the position of nurse in primary care in the period of COVID- 19 pandemics need to be known.The behaviour of nurses was considered to be accommodating and satisfactory.
Aims: The aim of the dissertation was to conduct a survey on eating habits and consumption of selected nutrients in adolescents, depending on the sex and the type of the school attended. Another ...objective was to check the influence of mass media and an educational program on the formation of eating habits. Based on all the findings, an education plan focused on eating habits was created for the needs of nurses to educate adolescents. Methodology: For the purposes of dissertation research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research was used. The quantitative part of the research was realized using a combination of two questionnaire tools ? a self?constructed questionnaire measuring adolescents´ eating habits, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). A total of 1130 15?18 year-old students of four?year grammar schools, secondary medical schools, and students of the specialization chef?waiter at vocational schools from the South Bohemian Region were involved in the study. The qualitative research was based on a comparative analysis. A total of 59 probands from the three types of schools above mentioned were selected. Results: The results of our research show that there are no statistically significant differences in compliance with nutrition recommendations regarding gender, but significant differences were found in connection with the type of school attended, where the nutritional recommendations are mostly followed by students of grammar schools, then by students of secondary medical schools and in the smallest degree by students of secondary vocational schools ? the chef ?waiter specialization. Significant differences between sexes were found in consumption of selected food components, when girls compared to boys eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. On the contrary, boys eat more beef, pork and poultry meat, sausages, potatoes, eggs and fried foods compared to girls. There were also significant differences between students of particular types of schools. There was no statistically significant relationship between mass media influences on eating and adolescents' nutritional recommendations. Based on the TFEQ results, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the conscious reduction of food intake by gender where girls cut down on food intake more than boys. The results of the qualitative part of the research show that an appropriately chosen educational program has an influence on the formation of eating habits in adolescents. Scientific benefits of the dissertation: The benefit of this research is, above all, the fact that as one of the few studies that have been done, this one brings comprehensive information about nutrition of adolescents aged 15?18 WHO study at grammar schools, secondary medical schools, or study the specialization chef-waiter at vocational schools. The results of our research are in many respects consistent with those obtained by other researchers and refer to the fact that adolescent eating habits cannot be described as ideal. In view of our findings, it would be useful to carry out other research surveys concerned with dietary habits and eating behaviours in a representative research sample of adolescents within the Czech Republic.
In this study, the question of health literacy in adult patient population in the Czech Republic is explored in the context of healthcare, particularly in the South Bohemian Region. The study is ...based on the analysis of qualitative data which were collected during the first half of 2016. The study included 34 adult participants at the age range between 18 and 64 years. The study is focused on the involvement of adult patients in the process of decision making concerning the healthcare provided. The views of this sort of problems were recorded by the technique of semi-structured dialogues. The study results have suggested that adult individuals accept the healthcare provided by doctors or nurses prevailingly with trust. In addition, they have shown that in the sphere of health education, the adults lack the knowledge of the right for information about the individual's health condition and information about the service provided by the health insurance agency. It is regarded as desirable to deal with the topic of health literacy of adult population, particularly in the area of internet counselling and telemedicine, and to develop the space for information sharing between the doctor and nurse on one side and the patient on the other.
A quality of life assessment is of great importance for patients with chronic diseases, because problems caused by specific diseases impact specific areas of their lives. The goal of this work was to ...determine, in which areas select diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ischemic disease of the lower extremities and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) affect patients' quality of life.
The Czech version of the WHOQOL-100 instrument and specific standardized questionnaires for individual diseases: EuroQol, EQ-5D-5L, IBDQ, PAQ were used to assess quality of life. This paper presents the results of the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire. In total, 5 research samples were put together. The first sample consisted of 200 respondents with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); the second sample included 100 respondents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); the third sample was comprised of 404 respondents with ischemic disease of the lower extremities (IDLE); the fourth sample consisted of 449 respondents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and the fifth sample was represented by 1,456 healthy respondents. The acquired data were then statistically analyzed. A statistical data analysis was performed in two steps. In the first step descriptive statistical analyses were performed in the SASD program (absolute and relative frequencies of respondents' answers, median values and variability characteristics). In the second step differences in means of the subjectively-perceived quality of life in patients with individual diseases and in control group were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test and the non-parametric Wilcoxon pair test. These analyses were computed in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program.
The results show that a statistically significant difference in average domain score values was found between the healthy population and patients diagnosed with RA in the domains of "physical health", "level of independence", "environment", and "spirituality/religion/personal beliefs". A statistically significant difference was found in all domains for patients with IDLE and COPD. A statistically significant difference was found in four domains for patients with IBD, namely those of "physical health", "level of independence", "social relationships" and "spirituality/religion/personal beliefs".
All therapeutic and nursing interventions that can contribute to improving QoL in poorly performing domains should be utilized.
The study examined the extent to which patients in the Czech Republic are involved in decisions regarding their treatment and whether they are interested in ensuring safety during hospitalization.
...Patients were interviewed to determine their perspectives regarding the previously stated objectives. The sample consisted of 514 patients who had been admitted to hospital for a minimum of three days.
It is clear that patients in the Czech Republic are unaware of safety issues associated with provided care, but 52.2% of respondents expressed a desire to be more involved in decisions pertaining to their treatment. Widowed patients, as well as those hospitalized for more than six days, expressed less of a desire for such involvement. Half of the patients enrolled in the study stated that health care professionals had encouraged them to ask questions about their treatment. With regard to errors associated with surgical reversals, 58.3% of respondents stated that nursing staff had performed checkups to avoid confusion in surgery. Another patient safety issue is nosocomial infection acquired through improper hand-washing techniques of medical personnel. 73.5% of patients said they would not have the courage to ask medical staff (doctors or nurses) whether they had washed their hands prior to examination.
Patients in the Czech Republic are unaware of the safety issues associated with provided care, but more than half expressed a desire to be more involved in decisions that pertain their treatment.
Lifestyle is one of the most important factors that can affect health but in these days lifestyle of many people is alarming. Scientists agree that more than 60 % of diseases are caused by a wrong ...lifestyle. My essay is divided into theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical one I deal with the definition of a lifestyle and factors that can affect it (nutrition, sport, drug addiction, relaxation, sex, sleep). In the empirical part I present results of my investigation which was focused on the difference between the lifestyle of men and women ? students of USB. I used qestionnaire with 33 questions given to 420 respondents, rate of return was 87 %. I think that this essay can be very well used in nutrition ambulance, teachwares and also in public who is not negligent to their lifestyle.
Polyurethane (PU) and PU/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite nanofibers, both with diameters of 350 nm, were prepared by an electrospinning process from PU dimethylformamide solutions. ...The appearance of nanowebs in PU/MWCNT nanofiber structures containing PU fibers with diameters of 20-40 nm was observed. The existence of these structures could have been based on the occurrence of strong secondary electric fields, which were created between individual conducting MWCNTs (distributed in the PU/MWCNT nanocomposites), which started to behave as the local moving nanoelectrodes promoting the creation of additional very fine nanowebs during the electrospinning processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing nanowebs from synthetic polymers prepared by an electrospinning process.
