Functionalized ionic liquid based on quaternary ammonium salt was investigated for the specific task of the efficient extraction of f block elements in different oxidation states. It deals with the ...investigation of extraction efficiency, mechanism, speciation and associated kinetics and thermodynamics. The extracted species of Pu
4+
, PuO
2
2+
, Am
3+
, Eu
3+
were found to be Pu(Hptha)(H
2
O)
6
3+
, PuO
2
(Hptha)(H
2
O)
2
+
, Am(Hptha)(H
2
O)
7
2+
, Eu(Hptha)(H
2
O)
7
2+
, respectively where (Hptha)
−
is the anionic part of the ionic liquid. Effect of radiation exposure on the performance of the ionic liquid was also investigated. The suitable back extraction procedure from the ionic liquid phase was developed using aqueous soluble complexing agents.
Wild type
Rhizopus arrhizus
biomass was demonstrated as highly efficient bio-sorbent for trivalent f-elements. Both Am
3+
and Eu
3+
were found to follow the Fruendlich isotherm through ...chemi-sorption. The sorption for Am
3+
was found be faster compared to Eu
3+
while both proceeded via pseudo-second order reaction. EDTA was found to be effective strippant whereas up to 500 kGy, the bio-sorbent showed high radiolytic stability. Luminescence employed for probing the local environment of metal ion on sorption which revealed the presence of single adsorbed species with no inner sphere water molecules. The covalency of metal–ligand bond enhanced on complexation with the bio-sorbent.
An attempt was made to understand the sorption behaviour of Pu
4+
and PuO
2
2+
on
Rhizopus arrhizus
fungus. The sorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Freundlich isotherm ...and Tempkin isotherms, which revealed that the sorption proceeds via chemisorption through mono layer following Langmuir isotherm. the sorption kinetics were analyzed by different models revealing the predominance of pseudo 2nd order kinetics. Oxalic acid and sodium carbonate were used for effective stripping of Pu
4+
and PuO
2
2+
, respectively. This biomass was found to be radiolytically stable and finally was applied for processing of SHLW from RR and FBR origins.
Key message
Single nucleotide polymorphism in sugar pathway and disease resistance genes showing genetic association with sugar content and red rot resistance would be useful in marker-assisted ...genetic improvement of sugarcane.
Validation and genotyping of potential sequence variants in candidate genes are necessary to understand their functional significance and trait association potential. We discovered, characterized, validated and genotyped SNPs and InDels in sugar pathway and disease resistance genes of
Saccharum
complex and sugarcane varieties using amplicon sequencing and CAPS assays. The SNPs were abundant in the non-coding 3′UTRs than 5′UTRs and coding sequences depicting a strong bias toward C to T transition substitutions than transversions. Sequencing of cloned amplicons validated 61.6 and 45.2 % SNPs detected in silico in 21 sugar pathway and 16 disease resistance genes, respectively. Sixteen SNPs in four sugar pathway genes and 10 SNPs in nine disease resistance genes were validated through cost-effective CAPS assay. Functional and adaptive significance of SNP and protein haplotypes identified in sugar pathway and disease resistance genes was assessed by correlating their allelic variation with missense amino acid substitutions in the functional domains, alteration in protein structure models and possible modulation of catalytic enzyme activity in contrasting high and low sugar and moderately red rot resistant and highly susceptible sugarcane genotypes. A strong genetic association of five SNPs in the sugar pathway and disease resistance genes, and an InDel marker in the promoter sequence of sucrose synthase-2 gene, with sugar content and red rot resistance, was evident. The functionally relevant SNPs and InDels, detected and validated in sugar pathway and disease resistance genes, and genic CAPS markers designed, would be of immense use in marker-assisted genetic improvement of sugarcane for sugar content and disease resistance.
The purpose of our study was to detect changes in renovascular resistance through renal Doppler indexes in young sickle cell disease patients with normal routine urine laboratory tests.
Renal Doppler ...sonography resistive index and pulsatility index values can serve as early radiologic predictors of renovascular changes in sickle cell disease. Thereby, these findings can guide clinicians in the use of more intensive monitoring of laboratory values and initiating adequate treatment at an early stage.
