Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of ...nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as "Future Food" for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems.
Consumption of glucosinolate-rich Brassicales vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer with enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates playing a key role. However, formation of ...health-promoting isothiocyanates is inhibited by the epithiospecifier protein in favour of nitriles and epithionitriles. Domestic processing conditions, such as changes in pH value, temperature or dilution, might also affect isothiocyanate formation. Therefore, the influences of these three factors were evaluated in accessions of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mathematical modelling was performed to determine optimal isothiocyanate formation conditions and to obtain knowledge on the kinetics of the reactions. At 22 °C and endogenous plant pH, nearly all investigated plants formed nitriles and epithionitriles instead of health-promoting isothiocyanates. Response surface models, however, clearly demonstrated that upon change in pH to domestic acidic (pH 4) or basic pH values (pH 8), isothiocyanate formation considerably increases. While temperature also affects this process, the pH value has the greatest impact. Further, a kinetic model showed that isothiocyanate formation strongly increases due to dilution. Finally, the results show that isothiocyanate intake can be strongly increased by optimizing the conditions of preparation of Brassicales vegetables.
► Low cobalt content leads to environment friendliness and lower costs. ► Co-precipitation synthesis leads to small active material particles. ► Small and congruent particles result in better rate ...and cycle performance.
The high voltage layered LiLi0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2 cathode material, which is a solid solution between Li2MnO3 and LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2, has been synthesized by co-precipitation method followed by high temperature annealing at 900°C. XRD and SEM characterizations proved that the as prepared powder is constituted of small and homogenous particles (100–300nm), which are seen to enhance the material rate capability. After the initial decay, no obvious capacity fading was observed when cycling the material at different rates. Steady-state reversible capacities of 220mAhg−1 at 0.2C, 190mAhg−1 at 1C, 155mAhg−1 at 5C and 110mAhg−1 at 20C were achieved in long-term cycle tests within the voltage cutoff limits of 2.5 and 4.8V at 20°C.
► Aqueous binders composed of biopolymers lead to cheaper, energy saving, and environmentally friendly processes. ► Development of greener Li-ion technology. ► High-voltage cathode material for ...high-energy Li-ion batteries.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a green and low-cost binder, is used to make lithium-ion battery composite electrodes containing the high voltage cathode material Li
2MnO
3–LiMO
2. This combination of materials results in a homogeneous electrode, which is proved by electron microscopy. The results of the electrochemical investigation indicate that CMC operates well at very high voltages (4.8
V). Compared to the PVDF binder, the CMC-based electrode shows an improved cycling stability as well as a very promising rate capability.
The synthesis of dendrons with orthogonally protected functional groups, which allows the construction of dendrons in an exponential fashion, is described. The sequence has been carried out on a gram ...scale for the first, second, and fourth generation. The dendrons have a relatively loose and flexible structure, which should make further growth feasible. Owing to the dendrons' adjustable and broadly applicable substitution pattern, they are the first representatives of a future construction kit for the systematic synthesis of layered dendrimers. The coupling step involves urethane formation.
A convergent/divergent route is described which allows the synthesis in an exponential fashion of the dendron shown schematically on the right. The sequence has been carried out on a gram scale for the first, second, and fourth generation. Owing to the dendrons' broadly adjustable substitution pattern, they are the first representatives of a future construction kit for the systematic synthesis of layered dendrimers.
A synthesis of hydroxymethyl1.1.lpropellane is reported which is the first hydrocarbon of this sort with an unprotected functional group. The hydroxy group can be used for further modifications which ...should make available a variety of functionalized propellanes. These otherwise not accessible compounds would be of great interest, for example, as monomers in the area of rigid-rod polymers.
The multi‐gram scale synthesis of first‐ and second‐generation dendrons with Boc‐ and Cbz‐protected amino groups in the periphery and methyl/ethyl esters at the focal points is described. ...Saponification of the esters and deprotection of the amines are shown to be strictly orthogonal processes which makes these dendrons valuable building blocks for future constructions.
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![A [1.1.1]propellane with an...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0040-4020/small "A [1.1.1]propellane with an unprotected hydroxy group in the side chain")
