Abstract
Sustainable blue economies have become a priority policy for coastal and island countries. It is also the case for Indonesia as it is an archipelago country endowed with a wide-spreading ...ocean. It must be sustained by key guiding policy principles such as environmental conservation, sustainable management of natural resources, and livelihood improvement. These policy objectives must be pursued in an integrated and coherent manner. Yet, Indonesia faces multiple governance challenges to achieve such goals. Multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral collaborations are indispensable. Innovation is also needed for policy development, technological advancement, and social partnership. Capacity development is a policy imperative at the local, sub-national, and national levels. International partnership is also important to promote transboundary and sub-regional ecosystem-based and collective marine resource management in the context of achieving sustainable blue economies particularly, through sustainable fisheries and eliminating illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Multifaceted and interdisciplinary approaches need to be reinforced to overcome composite challenges.
Hyperbolic Hopfield Neural Networks Kobayashi, M.
IEEE transaction on neural networks and learning systems,
02/2013, Volume:
24, Issue:
2
Journal Article
In recent years, several neural networks using Clifford algebra have been studied. Clifford algebra is also called geometric algebra. Complex-valued Hopfield neural networks (CHNNs) are the most ...popular neural networks using Clifford algebra. The aim of this brief is to construct hyperbolic HNNs (HHNNs) as an analog of CHNNs. Hyperbolic algebra is a Clifford algebra based on Lorentzian geometry. In this brief, a hyperbolic neuron is defined in a manner analogous to a phasor neuron, which is a typical complex-valued neuron model. HHNNs share common concepts with CHNNs, such as the angle and energy. However, HHNNs and CHNNs are different in several aspects. The states of hyperbolic neurons do not form a circle, and, therefore, the start and end states are not identical. In the quantized version, unlike complex-valued neurons, hyperbolic neurons have an infinite number of states.
The Kaguya Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer uniquely identified uranium gamma‐ray lines from the Moon with a superior energy resolution of ∼1%. A global lunar map of uranium distribution is derived for the ...first time. It was found that uranium abundances vary up to 2 ppm with an average of ∼0.3 ppm, while the average thorium abundance was ∼1.2 ppm. From these analyses, significant variation in U/Th ratio was found in the farside of the Moon that had not been reported by previous observations or in lunar materials. Our observations suggest that the lunar highland is not as uniform as has been long considered.
Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can be classified into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays more intense eosinophilic infiltration and the ...presence of Th2 cytokines. Mucosal eosinophilia is associated with more severe symptoms and often requires multiple surgeries because of recurrence; however, even in eosinophilic CRS (ECRS), clinical course is variable. In this study, we wanted to set objective clinical criteria for the diagnosis of refractory CRS.
Methods
This was a retrospective study conducted by 15 institutions participating in the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC). We evaluated patients with CRS treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and risk of recurrence was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Multiple logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curves were constructed to create the diagnostic criterion for ECRS.
Results
We analyzed 1716 patients treated with ESS. To diagnose ECRS, the JESREC scoring system assessed unilateral or bilateral disease, the presence of nasal polyps, blood eosinophilia, and dominant shadow of ethmoid sinuses in computed tomography (CT) scans. The cutoff value of the score was 11 points (sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 66%). Blood eosinophilia (>5%), ethmoid sinus disease detected by CT scan, bronchial asthma, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs intolerance were associated significantly with recurrence.
Conclusion
We subdivided CRSwNP in non‐ECRS, mild, moderate, and severe ECRS according to our algorithm. This classification was significantly correlated with prognosis. It is notable that this algorithm may give useful information to clinicians in the refractoriness of CRS before ESS or biopsy.
A new type of self-sustained divertor oscillation is discovered in the Large Helical Device stellarator, where the peripheral plasma is detached from material diverters by means of externally applied ...perturbation fields. The divertor oscillation is found to be a self-regulation of an isolated magnetic field structure (the magnetic island) width induced by a drastic change in a poloidal inhomogeneity of the plasma radiation across the detachment-attachment transitions. A predator-prey model between the magnetic island width and a self-generated local plasma current (the bootstrap current) is introduced to describe the divertor oscillation, which successfully reproduces the experimental observations.
•To emphasize understanding of energetic-ions behavior in the Large Helical Device (LHD), the Time-Of-Flight-Enhanced-Diagnostics (TOFED) has been developed and newly installed at LHD.•TOFED is ...located at the LHD basement and shares one of the collimators with vertical neutron camera at major radius of 3.72 m at 2.5 L LHD lower port.•Neutron and gamma-ray transport calculations have been performed using the MCNP6 in order to support the design of the radiation shielding for the TOFED neutron spectrometer at LHD.•On account of design criteria and engineering constraints, 20 cm of borated polyethylene is being considered for TOFED installation as a neutron shielding and 5 cm of lead is being considered for TOFED installation as a gamma-ray shielding.
The neutron emission spectrometer (NES) has been commissioned at the Large Helical Device (LHD) with a new Time-Of-Flight-Enhanced-Diagnostics (TOFED). The aim of the TOFED is to measure the neutron energy spectrum to study the fast-ions behavior such as high-energy ions created by ion cyclotron resonance heating, beam ions, and D-D fusion born 1 MeV tritons in LHD. The instrument is assembled of the first detector S1 and the second detector S2. In 2019, TOFED was installed at Z = 13.5 m below midplane without the radiation shielding and was initially commissioned. Due to neutrons streaming through a considerable number of holes in the LHD torus hall, the ambient background radiation at the TOFED was higher than expected, which causes the large number of coincidental events on the detectors. The obtained time difference between S1 and S2 provides the strong suggestion of TOFED relocation and of TOFED shielding development. In 2020, TOFED was relocated to the basement at Z = 18.5 m below midplane. In this work, a dedicated radiation shielding design is investigated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP6). The shielding design fulfills the design criteria on the radiation moderation capability and engineering constraints. Due to the design criteria, borated polyethylene with thickness of 20 cm is being considered as a neutron shielding and lead with thickness of 5 cm is being considered as a gamma-ray shielding. The shielding is suggested to be a rectangular polyhedron shaped roof. With the designed shielding, neutron flux is reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude at S1 and by approximately more than two orders of magnitude at S2 while prompt gamma-ray fluence is reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude. Here, the detailed design of radiations shielding for the TOFED at LHD is presented. The appropriate radiation shielding from this work will be installed at TOFED.
We consider the time correlated multiple-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel where the transmitter has imperfect knowledge of the current channel state, in addition to delayed channel state ...information. By representing the quality of the current channel state information as P -α for the signal-to-noise ratio P and some constant α ≥ 0, we characterize the optimal degrees of freedom region for this more general two-user MISO broadcast correlated channel. The essential ingredients of the proposed scheme lie in the quantization and multicast of the overheard interferences, while broadcasting new private messages. Our proposed scheme smoothly bridges between the scheme recently proposed by Maddah-Ali and Tse with no current state information and a simple zero-forcing beamforming with perfect current state information.
Hidden photons and axion-like particles are candidates for cold dark matter if they were produced non-thermally in the early universe. We conducted a search for both of these bosons using 800 ...live-days of data from the XMASS detector with 327 kg of liquid xenon in the fiducial volume. No significant signal was observed, and thus we set constraints on the α′/α parameter related to kinetic mixing of hidden photons and the coupling constant gAe of axion-like particles in the mass range from 40 to 120 keV/c2, resulting in α′/α<6×10−26 and gAe<4×10−13. These limits are the most stringent over this mass range derived from both direct and indirect searches to date.
BepiColombo is a joint mission between the European Space Agency, ESA, and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, to perform a comprehensive exploration of Mercury. Launched on
20
th
...October 2018 from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, the spacecraft is now en route to Mercury.
Two orbiters have been sent to Mercury and will be put into dedicated, polar orbits around the planet to study the planet and its environment. One orbiter, Mio, is provided by JAXA, and one orbiter, MPO, is provided by ESA. The scientific payload of both spacecraft will provide detailed information necessary to understand the origin and evolution of the planet itself and its surrounding environment. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, the only terrestrial planet besides Earth with a self-sustained magnetic field, and the smallest planet in our Solar System. It is a key planet for understanding the evolutionary history of our Solar System and therefore also for the question of how the Earth and our Planetary System were formed.
The scientific objectives focus on a global characterization of Mercury through the investigation of its interior, surface, exosphere, and magnetosphere. In addition, instrumentation onboard BepiColombo will be used to test Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Major effort was put into optimizing the scientific return of the mission by defining a payload such that individual measurements can be interrelated and complement each other.
Abstract
Materials that possess nontrivial topology and magnetism is known to exhibit exotic quantum phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, we fabricate a novel magnetic ...topological heterostructure Mn
4
Bi
2
Te
7
/Bi
2
Te
3
where multiple magnetic layers are inserted into the topmost quintuple layer of the original topological insulator Bi
2
Te
3
. A massive Dirac cone (DC) with a gap of 40–75 meV at 16 K is observed. By tracing the temperature evolution, this gap is shown to gradually decrease with increasing temperature and a blunt transition from a massive to a massless DC occurs around 200–250 K. Structural analysis shows that the samples also contain MnBi
2
Te
4
/Bi
2
Te
3
. Magnetic measurements show that there are two distinct Mn components in the system that corresponds to the two heterostructures; MnBi
2
Te
4
/Bi
2
Te
3
is paramagnetic at 6 K while Mn
4
Bi
2
Te
7
/Bi
2
Te
3
is ferromagnetic with a negative hysteresis (critical temperature ~20 K). This novel heterostructure is potentially important for future device applications.
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